Fix Intel CI workflow and migrate off Intel container images

[vithikashah001]

Description
Fix Intel CI workflow by replacing broken Intel container image usage and updating environment variables for compatibility.

Fixes NOAA-GFDL#1872

How Has This Been Tested?
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Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules
• New check tests, if applicable, are included
• make distcheck passes