Power Network Control System

A Clarity smart contract for decentralized electricity grid management on the Stacks blockchain, enabling peer-to-peer energy trading, dynamic pricing, and transparent operations.

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Overview

The Power Network Control System coordinates electricity generation, consumption, and storage in a decentralized grid. It provides transparent operations, dynamic market-based pricing, peer-to-peer trading, and grid stability management.

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Key Features

1. Participant Management

• Generators: Register with capacity and energy type (solar, wind, hydro, nuclear, geothermal, biomass, natural-gas)
• Users: Register with consumption limits and prepaid balance accounts
• Storage Reserves: Register battery systems with charge/discharge rates

2. Dynamic Pricing

Normal Mode: Price = Base Rate + (Base Rate × Demand) / (Capacity × 2)
Crisis Mode: Price = Base Rate × 3

Prices automatically adjust based on grid utilization, incentivizing efficient consumption patterns.

3. Energy Trading

• Direct peer-to-peer sales between generators and consumers
• Transparent on-chain transaction records
• Automated settlement through balance accounts

4. Grid Operations

• Real-time network monitoring (load, capacity, utilization)
• Storage operations for grid stabilization
• Emergency pricing for demand management
• Historical analytics and performance tracking

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Quick Start

Installation

# Check contract
clarinet check

# Run tests
clarinet test

# Deploy to testnet
clarinet deploy --testnet

Basic Usage

;; Register as generator
(contract-call? .power-network register-generator u5000 "solar")

;; Register as user
(contract-call? .power-network register-user u2000)

;; Add balance
(contract-call? .power-network add-user-balance 'ST1... u50000)

;; Report production
(contract-call? .power-network report-generation u3500)

;; Consume power
(contract-call? .power-network use-power u800)

;; Check grid status
(contract-call? .power-network get-network-status)

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Core Functions

Registration

• register-generator(capacity, power-source) - Register as electricity generator
• register-user(usage-limit) - Register as energy consumer
• register-reserve(capacity, charge-rate, discharge-rate) - Register storage facility

Operations

• report-generation(amount) - Report current power output
• use-power(amount) - Consume electricity from grid
• charge-reserve(amount) - Store energy in battery
• discharge-reserve(amount) - Release stored energy to grid

Trading

• create-transaction(buyer, amount, price) - Create peer-to-peer sale offer
• complete-transaction(transaction-id) - Complete energy purchase

Queries

• get-network-status() - Current grid status and utilization
• get-dynamic-rate() - Current energy price
• get-generator-info(generator) - Generator profile
• get-user-info(user) - User account details

Administration (Network Administrator Only)

• add-user-balance(target-user, amount) - Add funds to user account (public with validation)
• set-baseline-rate(new-rate) - Update base energy price
• toggle-crisis-state() - Enable/disable emergency pricing
• record-analytics(prod, cons, peak, eff) - Log grid metrics
• update-generator-reputation(target, score) - Adjust reputation
• deactivate-participant(target, is-generator) - Disable account

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Error Codes

Code	Description
u100	Owner-only operation
u101	Record not found
u102	Unauthorized access
u103	Insufficient power available
u104	Invalid amount
u105	Already exists
u106	Participant inactive
u107	Insufficient balance
u108	Invalid input

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Data Structures

;; Generator
{
  capacity: uint,
  current-production: uint,
  total-produced: uint,
  energy-type: string-ascii,
  active: bool,
  reputation-score: uint (0-100)
}

;; User
{
  consumption-limit: uint,
  total-consumed: uint,
  current-usage: uint,
  balance: uint,
  active: bool
}

;; Storage Reserve
{
  capacity: uint,
  stored-amount: uint,
  charge-rate: uint,
  discharge-rate: uint
}

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Use Cases

Residential Microgrids: Neighborhoods with solar panels trading excess energy locally

Commercial Trading: Businesses monetizing on-site generation capacity

Battery Storage: Grid-scale storage providing arbitrage and stabilization services

Remote Communities: Fair energy allocation in islanded microgrids

EV Charging: Dynamic pricing for charging station networks

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Security Features

• Access Control: Three-tier permissions (public, validated, admin-only)
• Input Validation: All amounts and principals verified before operations
• Balance Protection: Cannot consume more than available funds
• Capacity Limits: Generators and users bound by registered limits
• Active Status Checks: Only active participants can operate

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Network Parameters

Parameter	Default	Description
Maximum Capacity	1,000,000	Total grid capacity
Base Rate	100	Starting energy price
Emergency Multiplier	3x	Crisis mode pricing
Max Balance Addition	1,000,000	Single deposit limit
Reputation Range	0-100	Generator score scale

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Testing

// Example test
Clarinet.test({
    name: "User cannot consume without balance",
    async fn(chain: Chain, accounts: Map<string, Account>) {
        const user = accounts.get('wallet_1')!;
        
        let block = chain.mineBlock([
            Tx.contractCall('power-network', 'register-user', 
                [types.uint(2000)], user.address),
            Tx.contractCall('power-network', 'use-power', 
                [types.uint(100)], user.address)
        ]);
        
        block.receipts[1].result.expectErr().expectUint(107);
    },
});

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Deployment Checklist

• Security audit completed
• Configure network parameters
• Deploy to testnet
• Beta test with participants
• Set up off-chain monitoring
• Deploy to mainnet
• Document integration requirements

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Limitations

• Blockchain confirmation times unsuitable for real-time balancing
• On-chain storage limits scalability for very large networks
• Single administrator creates centralization risk
• Requires off-chain infrastructure for physical metering