Security Architecture - Ai.Orchestrator

🚨 SECURITY TESTS MUST BE WRITTEN FIRST 🚨

Before implementing ANY security feature, write tests that validate the security requirement. Only then implement the feature to pass the test.

Current Security Status

⚠️ Critical Gaps Identified

Authentication: Not yet implemented (tests needed first)
Authorization: Basic structure only (tests needed first)
Input Validation: Partial implementation (comprehensive tests needed)
API Rate Limiting: Not implemented (tests needed first)
Secrets Management: Configuration in plain text (encryption tests needed)

Security Architecture Overview

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│            Network Security                  │
│         (TLS/HTTPS, Firewall)               │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│         Authentication Layer                 │
│    (JWT, API Keys, OAuth - PLANNED)         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│         Authorization Layer                  │
│      (RBAC, Policies - PLANNED)             │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│          Input Validation                   │
│    (Sanitization, Type Checking)            │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│         Plugin Sandboxing                   │
│     (Isolated Contexts, Permissions)        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│        Data Protection                      │
│    (Encryption at Rest, In Transit)         │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Authentication Implementation Plan

Required Security Tests (WRITE FIRST!)

// Test for missing authentication
[Fact]
public async Task API_WithoutToken_ShouldReturn401()
{
    var response = await client.GetAsync("/api/secure");
    Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, response.StatusCode);
}

// Test for invalid token
[Fact]
public async Task API_WithInvalidToken_ShouldReturn401()
{
    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization =
        new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "invalid");
    var response = await client.GetAsync("/api/secure");
    Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, response.StatusCode);
}

// Test for expired token
[Fact]
public async Task API_WithExpiredToken_ShouldReturn401()
{
    var expiredToken = GenerateExpiredToken();
    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization =
        new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", expiredToken);
    var response = await client.GetAsync("/api/secure");
    Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, response.StatusCode);
}

JWT Authentication Design

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant API
    participant Auth
    participant TokenService

    Client->>API: Login Request
    API->>Auth: Validate Credentials
    Auth->>TokenService: Generate JWT
    TokenService->>Auth: JWT Token
    Auth->>API: Token
    API->>Client: JWT Response

    Client->>API: Request + JWT
    API->>TokenService: Validate JWT
    TokenService->>API: Claims
    API->>API: Process Request
    API->>Client: Response

Implementation Approach (AFTER TESTS)

JWT token generation service
Token validation middleware
Refresh token mechanism
Token revocation support

Authorization Strategy

RBAC Tests (WRITE FIRST!)

[Fact]
public async Task AdminEndpoint_WithUserRole_ShouldReturn403()
{
    var token = GenerateTokenWithRole("User");
    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization =
        new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", token);
    var response = await client.GetAsync("/api/admin");
    Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden, response.StatusCode);
}

[Fact]
public async Task PluginAccess_WithoutPermission_ShouldBeDenied()
{
    var token = GenerateTokenWithoutPluginAccess();
    var response = await client.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/plugin/execute",
        new { plugin = "restricted" });
    Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden, response.StatusCode);
}

Permission Matrix

Role	Read	Write	Execute	Admin
Guest	✓	✗	✗	✗
User	✓	✓	✓	✗
Admin	✓	✓	✓	✓
Plugin	✓	✓	✓	✗

Input Validation & Sanitization

Validation Tests (REQUIRED!)

[Fact]
public async Task API_WithSQLInjection_ShouldBeSanitized()
{
    var maliciousInput = "'; DROP TABLE users; --";
    var response = await client.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/data",
        new { query = maliciousInput });

    // Verify input was sanitized, not executed
    Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, response.StatusCode);
}

[Fact]
public async Task API_WithXSS_ShouldBeEscaped()
{
    var xssPayload = "<script>alert('XSS')</script>";
    var response = await client.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/text",
        new { content = xssPayload });

    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    Assert.DoesNotContain("<script>", content);
}

[Fact]
public async Task API_WithOversizedInput_ShouldReject()
{
    var largeInput = new string('x', 1_000_001); // 1MB+
    var response = await client.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/text",
        new { content = largeInput });

    Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.RequestEntityTooLarge, response.StatusCode);
}

Validation Rules

String Inputs
- Max length: 10,000 characters
- HTML encoding required
- SQL parameter binding only
File Uploads
- Max size: 10MB
- Type validation
- Virus scanning
JSON Payloads
- Schema validation
- Depth limit: 32 levels
- Size limit: 1MB

API Security

Rate Limiting Tests

[Fact]
public async Task API_ExceedingRateLimit_ShouldReturn429()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 101; i++) // Limit: 100/minute
    {
        var response = await client.GetAsync("/api/data");
        if (i == 100)
        {
            Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.TooManyRequests, response.StatusCode);
        }
    }
}

Rate Limiting Configuration

Anonymous: 100 requests/minute
Authenticated: 1000 requests/minute
Admin: Unlimited
Per-Plugin: Configurable limits

Plugin Security

Plugin Sandboxing Tests

[Fact]
public void Plugin_ShouldNotAccessFileSystem()
{
    var plugin = new UntrustedPlugin();
    Assert.Throws<SecurityException>(() =>
        plugin.AccessFileSystem("/etc/passwd"));
}

[Fact]
public void Plugin_ShouldHaveMemoryLimit()
{
    var plugin = new MemoryIntensivePlugin();
    Assert.Throws<OutOfMemoryException>(() =>
        plugin.AllocateLargeMemory(1_000_000_000)); // 1GB
}

Plugin Isolation

Separate AppDomain/AssemblyLoadContext
Resource quotas (CPU, Memory, I/O)
Permission-based execution
Network access control

Secrets Management

Secret Storage Tests

[Fact]
public void Configuration_ShouldNotExposeSecrets()
{
    var config = ConfigurationManager.GetConfiguration();
    var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(config);

    Assert.DoesNotContain("actual-api-key", json);
    Assert.Contains("***", json); // Masked
}

[Fact]
public void Secrets_ShouldBeEncryptedAtRest()
{
    var secretFile = File.ReadAllText("secrets.json");
    Assert.False(secretFile.Contains("plaintext"));
    Assert.True(IsEncrypted(secretFile));
}

Secret Management Strategy

Development: Environment variables
Production: Azure Key Vault / AWS Secrets Manager
Configuration: Encrypted JSON files
Runtime: In-memory only, no logging

Data Protection

Encryption Tests

[Fact]
public void SensitiveData_ShouldBeEncrypted()
{
    var sensitiveData = "SSN: 123-45-6789";
    var encrypted = DataProtection.Encrypt(sensitiveData);

    Assert.NotEqual(sensitiveData, encrypted);
    Assert.True(encrypted.StartsWith("enc:"));
}

[Fact]
public void DatabaseConnection_ShouldUseTLS()
{
    var connectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("ChromaDB");
    Assert.Contains("SSL=true", connectionString);
    Assert.Contains("TrustServerCertificate=false", connectionString);
}

Encryption Standards

At Rest: AES-256-GCM
In Transit: TLS 1.3 minimum
Key Rotation: Every 90 days
Key Storage: Hardware Security Module (HSM)

Security Headers

Required Headers Tests

[Fact]
public async Task API_ShouldHaveSecurityHeaders()
{
    var response = await client.GetAsync("/api/health");

    Assert.Contains(response.Headers, h => h.Key == "X-Content-Type-Options");
    Assert.Contains(response.Headers, h => h.Key == "X-Frame-Options");
    Assert.Contains(response.Headers, h => h.Key == "Content-Security-Policy");
    Assert.Contains(response.Headers, h => h.Key == "Strict-Transport-Security");
}

Security Headers Configuration

X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

Vulnerability Assessment

Current Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability	Severity	Status	Mitigation
No Authentication	CRITICAL	Open	Implement JWT (tests first)
Plain Text Secrets	HIGH	Open	Encrypt configuration
No Rate Limiting	MEDIUM	Open	Add rate limiter
Missing CSRF Protection	MEDIUM	Open	Add CSRF tokens
Verbose Error Messages	LOW	Open	Sanitize error responses

Security Testing Strategy

Test Categories

Authentication Tests
- Token validation
- Session management
- Multi-factor authentication
Authorization Tests
- Role-based access
- Resource permissions
- Plugin access control
Input Validation Tests
- SQL injection
- XSS attacks
- Command injection
- Path traversal
Security Misconfiguration Tests
- Default credentials
- Exposed endpoints
- Debug mode detection

Compliance Requirements

OWASP Top 10 Coverage

Risk	Status	Tests	Implementation
A01: Broken Access Control	❌	Needed	Planned
A02: Cryptographic Failures	⚠️	Partial	In Progress
A03: Injection	⚠️	Partial	In Progress
A04: Insecure Design	❌	Needed	Planned
A05: Security Misconfiguration	❌	Needed	Planned
A06: Vulnerable Components	✅	Done	Monitoring
A07: Authentication Failures	❌	Needed	Planned
A08: Data Integrity Failures	❌	Needed	Planned
A09: Logging Failures	⚠️	Partial	In Progress
A10: SSRF	❌	Needed	Planned

Security Monitoring

Logging Requirements

// Test for security event logging
[Fact]
public async Task FailedLogin_ShouldBeLogged()
{
    await client.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/login",
        new { user = "admin", password = "wrong" });

    var logs = await GetSecurityLogs();
    Assert.Contains(logs, l => l.Event == "LOGIN_FAILED");
}

Security Events to Log

Authentication attempts (success/failure)
Authorization failures
Input validation failures
Rate limit violations
Configuration changes
Plugin execution
Data access patterns

Incident Response Plan

Response Procedures

Detection: Automated alerts
Containment: Isolate affected components
Investigation: Analyze logs and traces
Remediation: Apply fixes (test first!)
Recovery: Restore services
Post-Mortem: Document and improve

Security Roadmap

Q4 2024

Implement JWT authentication (tests first)
Add basic RBAC (tests first)
Encrypt configuration (tests first)

Q1 2025

Add rate limiting (tests first)
Implement CSRF protection (tests first)
Add security headers (tests first)

Q2 2025

Plugin sandboxing (tests first)
Advanced threat detection (tests first)
Penetration testing

Security Best Practices

Development Guidelines

Never trust user input - Validate everything
Principle of least privilege - Minimal permissions
Defense in depth - Multiple security layers
Fail securely - Deny by default
Test security first - TDD for security features

Code Review Checklist

CRITICAL REMINDER: Every security feature MUST have tests written first. No security implementation without failing tests that define the security requirement.

Security: smartguy05/ai.orchestrator

Security

docs/SECURITY.md