AAU Smart Greenhouse 🌱

A complete IoT solution for monitoring and controlling a smart greenhouse system. This project includes ESP32 firmware, a modern web interface, a Node.js backend, and Home Assistant integration.

🌟 Features

• Real-time Monitoring: Temperature, pressure, soil moisture, UV index, rain detection, and light intensity
• Remote Control: Control lighting, ventilation, and irrigation from anywhere
• Automatic Mode: Intelligent automation based on sensor readings
• Modern Web Dashboard: Beautiful, responsive React-based interface
• Home Assistant Integration: Full MQTT integration with pre-configured sensors and automations
• Live Updates: WebSocket-based real-time data updates

📋 Table of Contents

• Hardware
• Software Architecture
• Installation
• Configuration
• Usage
• Home Assistant Integration
• API Documentation
• License

🔧 Hardware

Microcontroller

• ESP32 NodeMCU

Sensors

• FC-37 - Rain Sensor
• Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor v1.2 - Soil moisture measurement
• DS18B20 - Soil temperature sensor
• BMP280 - Temperature, pressure, and altitude sensor
• UVM30A - UV sensor
• ARD SEN LDR - Light intensity sensor

Actuators

• 2x FUNGWAN MG 996R - Servo motors for window/vent control
• 3-Wire Fan - Ventilation fan
• 3x 5V Relays - Control switches for various devices
• 230V Lamp - Supplemental lighting

🏗️ Software Architecture

aau_smartgreenhouse/
├── Greenhouse_Struct_MQTT_V4.ino  # ESP32 firmware
├── backend/                        # Node.js backend server
│   ├── server.js                  # Express server with MQTT client
│   ├── package.json
│   └── .env.example
├── frontend/                       # React web interface
│   ├── src/
│   │   ├── App.jsx               # Main application component
│   │   ├── App.css
│   │   └── main.jsx
│   ├── package.json
│   └── vite.config.js
├── homeassistant/                 # Home Assistant integration
│   ├── sensors.yaml              # Sensor definitions
│   ├── switches.yaml             # Switch definitions
│   ├── automations.yaml          # Automation examples
│   └── dashboard.yaml            # Lovelace dashboard config
└── nodered ui.json               # Legacy Node-RED configuration

🚀 Installation

Prerequisites

• Node.js (v16 or higher)
• npm or yarn
• Arduino IDE (for ESP32 firmware)
• MQTT Broker (e.g., HiveMQ, Mosquitto, or Home Assistant's built-in broker)

ESP32 Firmware Setup

1. Install the Arduino IDE

2. Install ESP32 board support

3. Install required libraries:

   • ESP32Servo
   • Adafruit_BMP280
   • Adafruit_Sensor
   • OneWire
   • DallasTemperature
   • BH1750
   • EspMQTTClient

4. Open Greenhouse_Struct_MQTT_V4.ino

5. Update WiFi credentials and MQTT broker settings (lines 29-37)

6. Upload to ESP32

Backend Setup

cd backend
npm install
cp .env.example .env
# Edit .env with your MQTT broker settings
npm start

The backend will run on http://localhost:3001

Frontend Setup

cd frontend
npm install
npm run dev

The frontend will run on http://localhost:3000

⚙️ Configuration

MQTT Configuration

Edit the backend .env file:

PORT=3001
MQTT_BROKER=mqtt://broker.hivemq.com

Or for a local Mosquitto broker:

MQTT_BROKER=mqtt://localhost:1883

ESP32 Configuration

Update in Greenhouse_Struct_MQTT_V4.ino:

EspMQTTClient client(
  "YOUR_WIFI_SSID",      // WiFi SSID
  "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD",   // WiFi password
  "broker.hivemq.com",    // MQTT broker
  "",                     // MQTT username (if required)
  "",                     // MQTT password (if required)
  "greenhouse_client",    // Client ID
  1883                    // MQTT port
);

💻 Usage

Web Dashboard

1. Start the backend server: cd backend && npm start
2. Start the frontend: cd frontend && npm run dev
3. Open browser to http://localhost:3000

The dashboard shows:

• Real-time sensor readings
• Control switches for all actuators
• Automatic mode toggle
• Live connection status

Control Devices

Use the control panel to:

• Toggle Automatic Mode for intelligent automation
• Control Light (230V lamp)
• Control Ventilation (fan and servo)
• Control Irrigation (water pump)

Automatic Mode

When enabled, the system automatically:

• Activates ventilation when temperature > 28°C
• Turns on heating when temperature < 23°C
• Starts irrigation when soil moisture < 30%
• Stops irrigation when soil moisture > 70%

🏠 Home Assistant Integration

Setup

1. Ensure Home Assistant has MQTT configured
2. Copy files from homeassistant/ directory
3. Add to configuration.yaml:

# MQTT
mqtt:
  broker: broker.hivemq.com
  port: 1883

# Sensors
sensor: !include sensors.yaml

# Switches
switch: !include switches.yaml

4. Restart Home Assistant
5. Add the dashboard using dashboard.yaml

Available Entities

Sensors:

• sensor.greenhouse_temperature
• sensor.greenhouse_pressure
• sensor.greenhouse_soil_moisture
• sensor.greenhouse_soil_temperature
• sensor.greenhouse_uv_index
• sensor.greenhouse_rain
• sensor.greenhouse_light_intensity
• sensor.greenhouse_altitude

Switches:

• switch.greenhouse_light
• switch.greenhouse_ventilation
• switch.greenhouse_irrigation
• switch.greenhouse_automation

📡 API Documentation

REST API Endpoints

GET /api/status

Returns backend and MQTT connection status

GET /api/data

Returns all sensor data and device states

POST /api/control/lightbulb

Control the light

{ "state": "on" }  // or "off"

POST /api/control/ventilation

Control ventilation

{ "state": "on" }  // or "off"

POST /api/control/irrigation

Control irrigation

{ "state": "on" }  // or "off"

POST /api/control/automation

Toggle automatic mode

{ "state": "on" }  // or "off"

WebSocket API

Connect to ws://localhost:3001 for real-time updates

Messages received:

{
  "type": "initial",  // or "update"
  "data": {
    "climate": { /* sensor data */ },
    "manager": { /* device states */ }
  }
}

📸 Gallery

🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

📄 License

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

🙏 Acknowledgments

• Original greenhouse design and hardware setup
• ESP32 and Arduino community
• Home Assistant community