feat: Implement Temporal Blending Engine and Causal Path Integrity

[google-labs-jules]

This implements the mathematically formal specification for the Temporal Blending Engine and Causal Path Integrity (CPI).

• Created ADR 41 (docs/adr/41-temporal-blending-engine.md) to document the mathematical proofs and representations.
• Updated LEXICON.md with definitions for TBE, CPI, Chronotopological Drift, SAA, Epistemic Rheology, CCH, and CSD.
• Implemented SystemAssuranceAgent and related classes in src/conceptual_synthesis/temporal_blending_engine.py to enforce CPI threshold >= 0.95.
• Wrote tests in tests/test_temporal_blending.py to prove mathematically that a single contradiction in a short trace violates the CPI threshold.

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PR created automatically by Jules for task 5047380480495429835 started by @projectedanx

[google-labs-jules]

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