feat(contrib): cache resampled trajectory and store options

[reginaldalfret]

Summary

Resolves #66 by storing resample options on resampled TrajectoryAnalysis instances and caching the resampled instances in an internal _resample_cache dictionary on the original simulation instance.

Details

• Caches resampled trajectories keyed by (dt, include_output, include_events, max_deg) on self._resample_cache.
• On repeated calls to resample() with the same options, returns the cached instance immediately to skip redundant spline fitting, evaluations, and dynamic output recalculations.
• If called on a resampled trajectory, original_instance.resample(...) checks the original instance's cache and returns the existing resampled instance in $O(1)$.
• Stores _resample_options as a tuple attribute on returned resampled trajectory instances for inspection.

Validation

• Added comprehensive unit test test_resample_caching_and_options in tests/test_trajectory_analysis.py covering cache hits, distinct option recalculations, and chaining from already-resampled instances.
• Full pytest test suite passed (93 passed, 2 skipped).
• ruff check . passed with 0 lint errors.
• git diff --check passed cleanly.

Closes #66