[foonathan-memory] Backport operator literal syntax fix

[ajtribick]

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download.
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version.
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

Change was merged into upstream in foonathan/memory#192 but this has not yet been included in any released version.

[BillyONeal]

Also fixes that error in #49981 , thank you!