Fix Clang + libc++ compilation and portability issues

[mustjab]

Description

Fixes compilation of ONNX Runtime with Clang/libc++ toolchains (e.g. Chromium's build system) and clang-cl on ARM64 Windows.

Portability fixes

• Add math_constants.h with M_PI, M_SQRT2, M_SQRT1_2 for libc++ (which does not define these by default)
• Use __attribute__((visibility(default))) for ORT_EXPORT on GCC/Clang
• Move TargetConditionals.h include outside namespace for Clang modules
• Out-of-line Node/Model destructors for libc++ unique_ptr with incomplete types
• Add gsl::narrow alias for onnxruntime::narrow in narrow.h
• Add [[maybe_unused]] on catch variables for -Wunused-variable
• Fix reverse attribute validation in cumsum.cc (string literal as condition)
• Use M_PI/M_SQRT2/M_SQRT1_2 from math_constants.h in all signal/optimizer/contrib files

ARM64 MLAS fixes (clang-cl on Windows)

• Guard MSVC-specific NEON builtins (neon_fmaxv, neon_fminv) with !defined(__clang__) in mlasi.h
• Include clang in portable NEON _ex fallbacks in qladd.h
• Guard vcleq_z_f32_ex with !defined(__clang__) in activate.cpp
• Add _WIN32 case in asmmacro.h to skip ELF .type directive on COFF

Motivation

These changes enable building ORT from source with Chromium's Clang/libc++ toolchain on all platforms (Windows x64/ARM64, Linux x64, Mac x64/ARM64).

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR targets cross-toolchain portability, primarily fixing build issues when compiling ONNX Runtime with Clang/libc++ (e.g., Chromium toolchains) and clang-cl on Windows ARM64.

Changes:

• Adds/adjusts portability shims (export visibility, math constants header, Windows stacktrace gating, path handling, override fixups).
• Moves several destructors/constructors out-of-line to satisfy libc++ requirements around std::unique_ptr to incomplete types.
• Updates ARM64/NEON + AArch64 asm macro guards to avoid MSVC-only intrinsics/ELF directives under clang-cl/COFF.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 27 out of 27 changed files in this pull request and generated 9 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
onnxruntime/core/session/plugin_ep/ep_plugin_provider_interfaces.h	Declares out-of-line FusedNodeState destructor and adds move assignment to support libc++.
onnxruntime/core/session/plugin_ep/ep_plugin_provider_interfaces.cc	Defines FusedNodeState destructor out-of-line.
onnxruntime/core/session/inference_session.cc	Uses std::filesystem::path for ifstream construction for broader toolchain compatibility.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cpu/tensor/gelu.cc	Adds math_constants.h include (portability-related).
onnxruntime/core/providers/cpu/signal/window_functions.cc	Adds math_constants.h include and replaces M_PI usage.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cpu/signal/dft.cc	Adds math_constants.h include and replaces M_PI usage.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cpu/ml/ml_common.h	Adds math_constants.h include and replaces M_PI/M_SQRT2 usage.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cpu/math/cumsum.cc	Fixes incorrect ORT_ENFORCE usage for exclusive attribute validation.
onnxruntime/core/platform/windows/stacktrace.cc	Disables <stacktrace> path under libc++ to avoid build issues.
onnxruntime/core/platform/windows/env.h	Adds missing override to match base class interface.
onnxruntime/core/optimizer/stft_decomposition.cc	Adds math_constants.h include and replaces M_PI usage in weight generation.
onnxruntime/core/optimizer/qdq_transformer/selectors_actions/shared/utils.h	Moves ctor/dtor declarations out-of-line for libc++ incomplete-type rules.
onnxruntime/core/optimizer/qdq_transformer/selectors_actions/shared/utils.cc	Adds out-of-line ctor/dtor definitions for selector-related types.
onnxruntime/core/optimizer/optimizer_execution_frame.h	Moves OptimizerExecutionFrame::Info destructor out-of-line for libc++.
onnxruntime/core/optimizer/optimizer_execution_frame.cc	Defines OptimizerExecutionFrame::Info destructor out-of-line.
onnxruntime/core/optimizer/gelu_fusion.cc	Adds math_constants.h include and replaces M_SQRT2 usage.
onnxruntime/core/mlas/lib/qladd.h	Expands NEON fallback path to include clang under Windows.
onnxruntime/core/mlas/lib/mlasi.h	Guards MSVC-specific ARM64 NEON aliases when building with clang.
onnxruntime/core/mlas/lib/activate.cpp	Avoids MSVC-only NEON intrinsic path under clang on Windows.
onnxruntime/core/mlas/lib/aarch64/asmmacro.h	Adds _WIN32 case to avoid ELF-only .type directive on COFF.
onnxruntime/core/graph/graph.cc	Moves Node ctor/dtor (and another ctor) out-of-line for libc++ incomplete-type rules.
onnxruntime/core/graph/ep_api_types.h	Declares out-of-line EpNode::SubgraphState destructor for libc++.
onnxruntime/core/graph/ep_api_types.cc	Defines EpNode::SubgraphState destructor out-of-line.
onnxruntime/core/common/math_constants.h	Introduces portable M_* math constant definitions when missing.
onnxruntime/contrib_ops/cpu/bert/bias_gelu.cc	Adds math_constants.h include and replaces M_SQRT1_2 usage.
include/onnxruntime/core/session/onnxruntime_c_api.h	Broadens ORT_EXPORT visibility attribute usage to GCC/Clang (non-Windows).
include/onnxruntime/core/graph/graph.h	Declares Node ctor/dtor and one ctor out-of-line to match graph.cc.

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