[SPIR-V] Add vk::SampledTexture2D resource type and .Sample(), .CalculateLevelOfDetail() method.

[luciechoi]

Part of #7979

• Add SampledTexture2D resource type in the vk namespace.
• Add .Sample(float2 location) method.
• Add default type parameter float4.
• Allow optional arguments int2 offset, float clamp, uint status.
• Add .CalculateLevelOfDetail(float2 location) method.

[github-actions]

✅ With the latest revision this PR passed the C/C++ code formatter.

[s-perron]

This seems like a reasonable direction. There are some issues that we need to figure out how to handle.

[luciechoi]

Thanks for the early review! I've updated the method to take in optional arguments.

[damyanp]

If this is worth mentioning in the release notes, please add something to https://github.com/microsoft/DirectXShaderCompiler/blob/main/docs/ReleaseNotes.md as appropriate.

[s-perron]

This looks really good to me. A few minor code style issues to fix up.

[s-perron]

If this is worth mentioning in the release notes, please add something to https://github.com/microsoft/DirectXShaderCompiler/blob/main/docs/ReleaseNotes.md as appropriate.

It will not be fully completed for this release. We should mention it in the next.

[s-perron]

Looking really good now. Just one minor change.

[bogner]

A couple minor comments but otherwise LGTM