[JENKINS-70094] Add support for partial clone

[serianox]

Closes #3771
Adds support of partial clone by providing a filterspec to a repository configuration

• performed by setting remote..promisor and remote..partialCloneFilter in the clone configuration
• detect changes requested of the filterspec and perform --refetch as needed
• revert to full clone if unsupported by the git implementation
• automatically detect during checkout if the repository is a partial clone and provides credentials if needed

This PR is I think more complete than #1131.

Testing done

Added functional tests

• test with a filter spec (on jgit, will revert to a test with a full clone)
• test with credentials
• test with changed filterspec

Currently being tested in a production server with a GB-sized repository

Submitter checklist

• Make sure you are opening from a topic/feature/bugfix branch (right side) and not your main branch!
• Ensure that the pull request title represents the desired changelog entry
• Please describe what you did
• Link to relevant issues in GitHub or Jira
• Link to relevant pull requests, esp. upstream and downstream changes
• Ensure you have provided tests that demonstrate the feature works or the issue is fixed