🚀 OpenShift Cheat Sheet 🚀

https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.14/cli_reference/openshift_cli/developer-cli-commands.html

Login and Configuration
Useful Commands
Deployments
ConfigMaps
Managing Routes
Managing Services
Resource Usage
Clean up Resources
Jobs
Cluster
RBAC
Identity Providers
Images
Cluster Version
Machine Config
OVN
Monitoring
Operator-Lifecycle-Manager (OLM)
Routers
Storage
Pull Secrets
Registries
OpenShift Container Platform Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
ETCD
Security
Certificates
API
Miscellaneous Commands
ODF

Login and Configuration

oc client download

export OCP_VERSION=latest-4.16
curl -k https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/ocp/$OCP_VERSION/openshift-client-linux.tar.gz -o oc.tar.gz

oc Autocompletion

oc completion bash >>/etc/bash_completion.d/oc_completion

echo 'source <(oc completion bash)' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

Login with a user

oc login https://console-openshift-console.apps-crc.testing:8443 -u developer -p developer

Login as system admin

oc login -u system:admin

User Information

oc whoami
oc whoami --show-console
oc whoami --show-server

oc -info

oc cluster-info dump

View your configuration

oc config view

View your VSphere Credential [https://access.redhat.com/solutions/6677901]

oc get secret vsphere-creds -o yaml -n kube-system
oc get cm cloud-provider-config -o yaml -n openshift-config
oc get infrastructures.config.openshift.io -o yaml

Fix VSphere Credential [https://access.redhat.com/solutions/6677901]

https://access.redhat.com/solutions/6677901
oc get secret vsphere-creds -o yaml -n kube-system
oc patch kubecontrollermanager cluster -p='{"spec": {"forceRedeploymentReason": "recovery-'"$( date --rfc-3339=ns )"'"}}' --type=merge

Update the current context to have users login to the desired namespace

oc config set-context `oc config current-context` --namespace=<project_name>

List OAuth Access Tokens

oc get useroauthaccesstokens

Useful Commands

List all Projects

oc get projects

Switch to a Project

oc project myproject

Get Resources in a Project

List all resources in the current project:

oc get all

List pods with custom output:

oc get pods -o wide

Apply Configuration from a File

oc apply -f config.yaml

Create Objects Using Bash Here Documents

Create a ConfigMap directly using a here document:

oc apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: example-config
  namespace: myproject
data:
  key: value
EOF

Export Resources to a File

oc get deployment my-deployment -o yaml > deployment.yaml

Delete a Resource

oc delete pod my-pod

Debug a Pod

Start a debug session for a pod:

oc debug pod/my-pod

Check Cluster Status

oc status

View Cluster Nodes

oc get nodes

Describe a Node

oc describe node <node-name>

List nodes CPU/RAM

{
  echo -e "NAME\tROLES\tCPU\tMEMORY"
  paste \
    <(oc get nodes --no-headers | awk '{print $1 "\t" $3}') \
    <(oc get nodes --no-headers -o custom-columns=CPU:.status.capacity.cpu,MEMORY:.status.capacity.memory)
} | column -t

View Nodes allocation

for i in $(oc get nodes | awk '{print $1}'); do echo "==== $i ====";oc describe node $i 2> /dev/null | grep -A10 Allocated; echo; done

oc get nodes \
  -o custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,CPU:.status.capacity.cpu,MEMORY:.status.capacity.memory,EPHEMERAL:.status.capacity.ephemeral-storage,ALLOC_CPU:.status.allocatable.cpu,ALLOC_MEM:.status.allocatable.memory,ALLOC_EPHEMERAL:.status.allocatable.ephemeral-storage

oc get nodes --no-headers | awk '{print $1}' | while read -r n; do
  echo "===== $n ====="
  oc describe node "$n" | egrep "^(Name:|Roles:|Capacity:|Allocatable:|  cpu:|  memory:|  ephemeral-storage:|Allocated resources:)"
  echo
done

View Nodes Taints

oc get nodes -o custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,TAINTS:.spec.taints

View Nodes Rendered MachineConfig

for n in $(oc get nodes -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master -o name); do
  echo -n "$n -> "
  oc get $n -o jsonpath='{.metadata.annotations.machineconfiguration\.openshift\.io/currentConfig}{" | "}{.metadata.annotations.machineconfiguration\.openshift\.io/desiredConfig}{" | "}{.metadata.annotations.machineconfiguration\.openshift\.io/state}{"\n"}'
done

fstrim Nodes to free space

for i in $(oc get node -l '!node-role.kubernetes.io/master' -o name); do oc debug $i -- chroot /host fstrim -av; done

Get Logs for a Pod

oc logs my-pod

Follow Logs for a Pod

oc logs -f my-pod

Port Forward a Pod

oc port-forward my-pod 8080:80

Execute a Command in a Running Pod

oc exec my-pod -- ls /tmp

Scale a Deployment

oc scale deployment my-deployment --replicas=3

Create a New Application

oc new-app my-image-stream

List resource name by selector

oc get gw -A -o json | jq -r '.items[] | select(.spec.selector.istio == "backend-ingressgateway") | .metadata.name'

List nodeSelector per deployment

oc get deployments -A -o json | jq -r '.items[] | "\(.metadata.namespace)/\(.metadata.name): \(.spec.template.spec.nodeSelector)"'

Manage Kubeconfig Files

Switch kubeconfig contexts:

oc config use-context <context-name>

List all contexts:

oc config get-contexts

Set a specific context as default:

oc config set-context --current --namespace=myproject

Merge multiple kubeconfig files:

KUBECONFIG=config1:config2:config3 oc config view --merge --flatten > merged-config

Create a new app from a GitHub Repository

oc new-app https://github.com/sclorg/cakephp-ex

New app from a different branch

oc new-app --name=html-dev nginx:1.10~https://github.com/joe-speedboat/openshift.html.devops.git#mybranch

Create objects from a file

oc create -f myobject.yaml -n myproject

Delete objects contained in a file

oc delete -f myobject.yaml -n myproject

Create or merge objects from a file

oc apply -f myobject.yaml -n myproject

Update existing object

oc patch svc mysvc --type merge --patch '{"spec":{"ports":[{"port": 8080, "targetPort": 5000}]}}'

Monitor Pod status

watch oc get pods

Get a Specific Item (podIP) using a Go template

oc get pod example-pod-2 --template='{{.status.podIP}}'

Gather information on a project's pod deployment with node information

oc get pods -o wide

Hide inactive Pods

oc get pods --show-all=false

Display all resources

oc get all,secret,configmap

Get the OpenShift Console Address

oc get -n openshift-console route console

Get the Pod name from the Selector and rsh into it

POD=$(oc get pods -l app=myapp -o name) oc rsh -n $POD

Execute a single command in a running pod

oc exec $POD $COMMAND

Create a pod for the container image "fedora" and execute commands with it

oc run fedora-pod --image=fedora --restart=Never --command -- sleep infinity

Copy from local folder byteman-4.0.12 to Pod wildfly-basic-1-mrlt5 under the folder /opt/wildfly

oc cp ./byteman-4.0.12 wildfly-basic-1-mrlt5:/opt/wildfly

Create Infra MachineSets + Move router, registry, monitoring to infra nodes

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  annotations:
    machine.openshift.io/memoryMb: "32768"
    machine.openshift.io/vCPU: "8"
  labels:
    hive.openshift.io/machine-pool: worker
    hive.openshift.io/managed: "true"
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: ocp01-prod-hkhmm
  name: ocp01-prod-hkhmm-infra-0
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: ocp01-prod-hkhmm
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: ocp01-prod-hkhmm-infra-0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: ocp01-prod-hkhmm
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: worker
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: worker
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: ocp01-prod-hkhmm-infra-0
    spec:
      lifecycleHooks: {}
      metadata:
        labels:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      providerSpec:
        value:
          apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
          kind: VSphereMachineProviderSpec
          credentialsSecret:
            name: vsphere-cloud-credentials
          diskGiB: 150
          memoryMiB: 32768
          metadata:
            creationTimestamp: null
          network:
            devices:
            - networkName: 2245-AGOS-LAN-OCP01-PROD
          numCPUs: 8
          numCoresPerSocket: 1
          snapshot: ""
          template: ocp01-prod-hkhmm-rhcos-generated-region-generated-zone
          userDataSecret:
            name: worker-user-data
          workspace:
            datacenter: ACME
            datastore: /ACME/datastore/BT/LUN-BT-OPENSHIFT-250
            folder: /ACME/vm/AGOS_OCP_OCP01_PROD
            resourcePool: /ACME/host/ClusterLNX01/Resources
            server: agsvcs001.acme.it
      taints:
      - effect: NoSchedule
        key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
---

oc patch ingresscontroller/default -n openshift-ingress-operator --type=merge -p '{
  "spec":{
    "nodePlacement":{
      "nodeSelector":{
        "matchLabels":{
          "node-role.kubernetes.io/infra":""
        }
      },
      "tolerations":[
        {
          "key":"node-role.kubernetes.io/infra",
          "operator":"Exists",
          "effect":"NoSchedule"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}'

oc patch ingresscontroller/default -n openshift-ingress-operator --type=merge -p '{
  "spec":{
    "replicas":3
  }
}'

oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/cluster --type=merge -p '{
  "spec":{
    "nodeSelector":{
      "node-role.kubernetes.io/infra":""
    },
    "tolerations":[
      {
        "key":"node-role.kubernetes.io/infra",
        "operator":"Exists",
        "effect":"NoSchedule"
      }
    ]
  }
}'

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: cluster-monitoring-config
  namespace: openshift-monitoring
data:
  config.yaml: |+
    alertmanagerMain:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

    prometheusK8s:
      retention: 7d
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      volumeClaimTemplate:
        spec:
          storageClassName: thin
          resources:
            requests:
              storage: 100Gi

    prometheusOperator:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

    metricsServer:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

    k8sPrometheusAdapter:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

    kubeStateMetrics:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

    telemeterClient:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

    openshiftStateMetrics:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

    thanosQuerier:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

    monitoringPlugin:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/infra
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

oc apply -f cluster-monitoring-configmap.yaml

Deployments

Manual deployment

oc rollout latest ruby-ex

Rollout a Deployment

oc rollout latest deployment/my-deployment

Pause a Deployment

oc rollout pause deployment/my-deployment

Resume a Deployment

oc rollout resume deployment/my-deployment

Scale a Deployment

oc scale deployment/my-deployment --replicas=3

Undo a Deployment Rollout

oc rollout undo deployment/my-deployment

Check Deployment History

oc rollout history deployment/my-deployment

Set Deployment Strategies

spec:
  strategy:
    type: Rolling
    rollingParams:
      intervalSeconds: 1
      updatePeriodSeconds: 1
      timeoutSeconds: 600
      maxUnavailable: 25%
      maxSurge: 25%

Define resource requests and limits in DeploymentConfig

oc set resources deployment nginx --limits=cpu=200m,memory=512Mi --requests=cpu=100m,memory=256Mi

Define livenessProbe and readinessProbe in DeploymentConfig

oc set probe dc/nginx --readiness --get-url=http://:8080/healthz --initial-delay-seconds=10
oc set probe dc/nginx --liveness --get-url=http://:8080/healthz --initial-delay-seconds=10

Scale the number of Pods to 2

oc scale dc/nginx --replicas=2

Define Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)

oc autoscale dc foo --min=2 --max=4 --cpu-percent=10

LIST DEPLOY/REPLICAS x NAMESPACE (DR-check)

kubectl get deploy,pod -A -o json | jq -r '
  .items[]
  | select(.metadata.namespace | test("^(openshift-|kube-|default$|registry$|istio|dyna|sentinel|turbo|zabbix|operator|cluster-management)")==false)
  | if .kind=="Deployment" then
      {
        ns: .metadata.namespace,
        deploys: 1,
        desired: (.spec.replicas // 0),
        available: (.status.availableReplicas // 0),
        pods: 0,
        notready: 0
      }
    elif .kind=="Pod"
         and (.metadata.deletionTimestamp | not)
         and (.status.phase == "Running" or .status.phase == "Pending") then
      {
        ns: .metadata.namespace,
        deploys: 0,
        desired: 0,
        available: 0,
        pods: 1,
        notready: (
          if ([.status.containerStatuses[]? | select(.ready==false)] | length) > 0
          then 1 else 0 end
        )
      }
    else
      empty
    end
' | jq -sr '
  group_by(.ns)[]
  | [
      .[0].ns,
      (map(.deploys)   | add),
      (map(.desired)   | add),
      (map(.available) | add),
      (map(.pods)      | add),
      (map(.notready)  | add)
    ]
  | @tsv
' | (echo -e "NAMESPACE\tN_DEPLOY\tDESIRED_REPLICAS\tAVAILABLE_REPLICAS\tACTIVE_PODS\tPOD_NON_READY"; cat) | column -t -s $'\t'

---
alias k8s-ns-report='kubectl get deploy,pod -A -o json | jq -r "
.items[]
| select(.metadata.namespace | test(\"^(openshift-|kube-|default$|registry$|istio|dyna|sentinel|turbo|zabbix|operator|cluster-management)\")==false)
| if .kind==\"Deployment\" then
    {
      ns: .metadata.namespace,
      deploys: 1,
      desired: (.spec.replicas // 0),
      available: (.status.availableReplicas // 0),
      pods: 0,
      notready: 0
    }
  elif .kind==\"Pod\"
       and (.metadata.deletionTimestamp | not)
       and (.status.phase == \"Running\" or .status.phase == \"Pending\") then
    {
      ns: .metadata.namespace,
      deploys: 0,
      desired: 0,
      available: 0,
      pods: 1,
      notready: (
        if ([.status.containerStatuses[]? | select(.ready==false)] | length) > 0
        then 1 else 0 end
      )
    }
  else
    empty
  end
" | jq -sr "
group_by(.ns)[]
| [
    .[0].ns,
    (map(.deploys)   | add),
    (map(.desired)   | add),
    (map(.available) | add),
    (map(.pods)      | add),
    (map(.notready)  | add)
  ]
| @tsv
" | (echo -e "NAMESPACE\tN_DEPLOY\tDESIRED_REPLICAS\tAVAILABLE_REPLICAS\tACTIVE_PODS\tPOD_NON_READY"; cat) | column -t -s $'\''\t'\'''

ConfigMaps

View ConfigMap Data

oc get configmap my-config -o yaml

Update a ConfigMap

oc create configmap my-config --from-literal=key=value --dry-run=client -o yaml | oc apply -f -

Managing Routes

Create a route

oc expose service ruby-ex

Create Route and expose it through a custom Hostname

oc expose service ruby-ex --hostname=<custom-hostname>

Read the Route Host attribute

oc get route my-route -o jsonpath --template="{.spec.host}"

Forward traffic from pod "myphp" from 8080 to local 8080

oc port-forward pod/myphp 8080:8080

Managing Services

Make a service idle. When the service is next accessed it will automatically boot up the pods again

oc idle ruby-ex

Read a Service IP

oc get services rook-ceph-mon-a --template='{{.spec.clusterIP}}'

Resource Usage

List the memory and CPU usage of all pods in the cluster

oc adm top pods -A --sum

List the resource usage of the containers in the pod "mypod" in the "example" namespace

oc adm top pods mypod -n example --containers

Resource consumption for the node

oc adm top node

List all resources, their status, and their types in the "example" namespace

oc get all -n example --show-kind

Displays the resource consumption for each container running on the node (requires "cri-tools")

crictl stats

Clean up Non Running pods

oc get pods -A -o wide | grep -v 'Runn\|Comp'
oc get pods -A | grep -v 'Runn\|Comp' | grep openshift | awk 'system("oc delete pods "$2" -n "$1" --force --grace-period=0")'

Delete Completed Pods

oc delete pod --field-selector=status.phase==Succeeded --all-namespaces
oc get pods --all-namespaces |  awk '{if ($4 == "Completed") system ("oc delete pod " $2 " -n " $1 )}'

read -p "Namespace: " ns; read -p "Stato (e.g. Error, Completed): " status; oc get pods -n "$ns" --no-headers | awk -v s="$status" '$3 == s { system("oc delete pod " $1 " -n " "'$ns'") }'

oc delete pod --field-selector=status.phase==Failed --all-namespaces
oc delete pod --field-selector=status.phase==Pending --all-namespaces
oc delete pod --field-selector=status.phase==Evicted --all-namespaces
oc get pods --all-namespaces |  awk '{if ($4 != "Running") system ("oc delete pod " $2 " -n " $1 )}'

Change the image garbage collection (GC) thresholds

Modify kubelet GC settings:

oc label machineconfigpool worker custom-kubelet=enabled
cat <<EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
kind: KubeletConfig
metadata:
  name: custom-config
spec:
  machineConfigPoolSelector:
    matchLabels:
      custom-kubelet: enabled
  kubeletConfig:
    ImageGCHighThresholdPercent: 70
    ImageGCLowThresholdPercent: 60
EOF

Full cleanup with Podman

Run a full system prune:

sudo podman system prune -a -f

Delete all resources

oc delete all --all

Delete resources for one specific app

oc delete services -l app=ruby-ex
oc delete all -l app=ruby-ex

Clean up old docker images on nodes

Keeping up to three tag revisions and resources younger than sixty minutes

oc adm prune images --keep-tag-revisions=3 --keep-younger-than=60m

Pruning every image that exceeds defined limits

oc adm prune images --prune-over-size-limit

Jobs

Create a simple Job

kubectl create job hello --image=alpine -- echo "Hello World"

Create a CronJob that prints "Hello World" every minute

kubectl create cronjob hello --image=alpine --schedule="*/1 * * * *" -- echo "Hello World"

Cluster

Set control-plane nodes as NoSchedulable

oc patch schedulers.config.openshift.io/cluster --type merge --patch '{"spec":{"mastersSchedulable": false}}'

This removes the worker label from the masters. OpenShift components will move to worker nodes when rescheduled. Delete the pods to trigger reconciliation.

Set a Default Node Selector

oc patch namespace default -p '{"metadata": {"annotations": {"openshift.io/node-selector": "node-role.kubernetes.io/worker"}}}'

Disable Project-wide Node Selector

oc annotate namespace default openshift.io/node-selector-

Routers

Rollout the latest deployment

oc rollout -n openshift-ingress restart deployment/router-default

Delete router pods to force reconciliation

oc delete pod -n openshift-ingress -l ingresscontroller.operator.openshift.io/deployment-ingresscontroller=default

RBAC

List role per groups

oc get rolebindings,clusterrolebindings --all-namespaces -o json | jq -r '
.items[] | 
select(.subjects[]? | select(.kind == "Group")) as $binding |
$binding.subjects[] | 
select(.kind == "Group") | 
"NAMESPACE: \($binding.metadata.namespace // "Cluster-wide") KIND: \($binding.kind) NAME: \($binding.metadata.name) ROLE: \($binding.roleRef.name) GROUP: \(.name)"'

List all users/groups with cluster-admin rights

oc get clusterrolebindings -o json | jq '.items[] | select(.roleRef.name=="cluster-admin")' | jq '.subjects[0].name'

List all cluster-role / role

oc get clusterroles -o json | jq '.items[].metadata.name'
oc get roles -o json | jq '.items[].metadata.name'

Add a role to a user

oc adm policy add-role-to-user admin oia -n python

Add a cluster role to a user

oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-user cluster-reader system:serviceaccount:monitoring:default

Add a security context constraint (SCC) to a user

oc adm policy add-scc-to-user anyuid -z default

Verify user permission

oc auth can-i command --as user_to_impersonate \
 --as-group group_to_impersonate

oc auth can-i get pods -A \
 --as system:serviceaccount:auth-tls:health-robot

oc auth can-i create project -A \
 --as system:serviceaccount:auth-tls:health-robot

oc auth can-i get users -A \
 --as admin-backdoor --as-group backdoor-administrators

Verify user permission

oc get nodes --as admin

Show SCC and add policy

oc get pods -A -o custom-columns="NAME:.metadata.name,SCC:.metadata.annotations.openshift\.io/scc"
oc get pods -o custom-columns="NAME:.metadata.name,SECURITY_CONTEXT:.spec.securityContext"

oc get deployment <DEPLOY> -n <NAMESPACE> -o yaml | oc adm policy scc-subject-review -f -
oc get pod <POD> -o yaml | oc adm policy scc-subject-review -f -

oc adm policy add-scc-to-user hostmount-anyuid -z default

oc get scc -o custom-columns=Name:.metadata.name,Users:.users,Priority:.priority
oc get scc restricted-v2 -o custom-columns=SECCOMP_PROFILE:.seccompProfiles

Identity Providers

Add an HTPasswd Identity Provider

Create a secret with the htpasswd file:

oc create secret generic htpass-secret --from-file=htpasswd=/path/to/htpasswd -n openshift-config

Patch the OAuth resource to add the htpasswd provider:

apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: OAuth
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  identityProviders:
  - name: my_htpasswd_provider
    mappingMethod: claim
    type: HTPasswd
    htpasswd:
      fileData:
        name: htpass-secret

Apply the configuration:

oc apply -f oauth.yaml

Add a GitHub Identity Provider

Create a GitHub OAuth client:

oc create secret generic github-secret --from-literal=clientSecret=<your-client-secret> -n openshift-config

Patch the OAuth resource to add the GitHub provider:

apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: OAuth
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  identityProviders:
  - name: github
    mappingMethod: claim
    type: GitHub
    github:
      clientID: <your-client-id>
      clientSecret:
        name: github-secret
      organizations:
      - my-org

Apply the configuration:

oc apply -f oauth.yaml

OpenShift Authentication / LDAP

1. Stato rapido

oc get co authentication console ingress
oc -n openshift-authentication get pods -o wide
oc get oauth cluster -o yaml

2. Log OAuth con errori LDAP/TLS/timeout

for p in $(oc -n openshift-authentication get pod -l app=oauth-openshift -o name); do
  echo "### $p"
  oc -n openshift-authentication logs "$p" --since=30m | \
    egrep -i 'AuthenticationError|ldap|x509|tls|invalid credentials|claimed by identity|not found|no such object|timeout'
done

3. Test LDAPS da tutti i pod OAuth — versione breve

for p in $(oc -n openshift-authentication get pod -l app=oauth-openshift -o name); do
  echo -n "$p -> "
  oc -n openshift-authentication exec "$p" -- bash -lc '
    timeout 5 bash -c "cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/10.213.48.178/636" >/dev/null 2>&1 \
      && echo OK || echo FAIL
  '
done

4. Test LDAPS da tutti i pod OAuth — versione estesa

for p in $(oc -n openshift-authentication get pod -l app=oauth-openshift -o name); do
  echo "### $p"
  oc -n openshift-authentication exec "$p" -- bash -lc '
    echo "HOST=$(hostname)"
    getent hosts msad1.cariprpc.it || true
    cat /etc/resolv.conf
    echo -n "TCP636: "
    timeout 5 bash -c "cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/10.213.48.178/636" && echo OK || echo FAIL
  '
done

5. Test LDAPS via DNS invece che IP

for p in $(oc -n openshift-authentication get pod -l app=oauth-openshift -o name); do
  echo -n "$p -> "
  oc -n openshift-authentication exec "$p" -- bash -lc '
    timeout 5 bash -c "cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/msad1.cariprpc.it/636" >/dev/null 2>&1 \
      && echo OK || echo FAIL
  '
done

6. Verifica certificato della route OAuth

HOST=$(oc -n openshift-authentication get route oauth-openshift -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}')
echo "$HOST"

openssl s_client -connect ${HOST}:443 -servername ${HOST} </dev/null 2>/dev/null | \
openssl x509 -noout -subject -issuer -dates

7. Verifica reachability LDAP dai nodi master (host network)

for n in ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-0 ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-1 ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-2; do
  echo "### $n"
  oc debug node/$n -- chroot /host bash -lc '
    echo -n "NODE=$(hostname) TCP636: "
    timeout 5 bash -c "cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/10.213.48.178/636" && echo OK || echo FAIL
    echo -n "ROUTE: "
    ip route get 10.213.48.178 2>/dev/null || true
  '
done

8. NetworkPolicy nel namespace openshift-authentication

oc get netpol -n openshift-authentication -o yaml

9. Restart mirato di un solo pod OAuth

oc delete pod -n openshift-authentication <oauth-openshift-pod>
oc -n openshift-authentication get pods -w

---

## **Images**

### List All Images in the Cluster
```bash
oc get images

Import an Image from an External Registry

oc import-image myimage:latest --from=docker.io/library/myimage:latest --confirm

Tag an Image for Internal Use

oc tag myimage:latest myproject/myimage:stable

Prune Unused Images

oc adm prune images --confirm

Build an Image from Source Code

oc new-build https://github.com/openshift/ruby-hello-world.git --name=ruby-app

Start a Build

oc start-build ruby-app

Monitor Build Logs

oc logs -f bc/ruby-app

Deploy an Image

oc new-app myimage:stable -n myproject

Image Registry

Rollout the latest deployment

oc rollout -n openshift-image-registry restart deploy/image-registry

Delete image registry pods

oc delete pod -n openshift-image-registry -l docker-registry=default

Monitoring Stack

Rollout the latest deployments and statefulsets

oc rollout -n openshift-monitoring restart statefulset/alertmanager-main
oc rollout -n openshift-monitoring restart statefulset/prometheus-k8s
oc rollout -n openshift-monitoring restart deployment/grafana
oc rollout -n openshift-monitoring restart deployment/kube-state-metrics
oc rollout -n openshift-monitoring restart deployment/openshift-state-metrics
oc rollout -n openshift-monitoring restart deployment/prometheus-adapter
oc rollout -n openshift-monitoring restart deployment/telemeter-client
oc rollout -n openshift-monitoring restart deployment/thanos-querier

Delete monitoring stack pods to force reconciliation

oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring -l app=alertmanager
oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring -l app=prometheus
oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring -l app=grafana
oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring -l app.kubernetes.io/name=kube-state-metrics
oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring -l k8s-app=openshift-state-metrics
oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring -l name=prometheus-adapter
oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring -l k8s-app=telemeter-client
oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring -l app.kubernetes.io/component=query-layer

List All Container Images

List all container images running in a cluster

oc get pods -A -o go-template --template='{{range .items}}{{range .spec.containers}}{{printf "%s\\n" .image -}} {{end}}{{end}}' | sort -u | uniq

List all container images stored in a cluster

for node in $(oc get nodes -o name); do
  oc debug ${node} -- chroot /host sh -c 'crictl images -o json' 2>/dev/null | jq -r .images[].repoTags[];
done | sort -u

Cluster Upgrade

oc get clusterversion
oc adm upgrade          
oc patch clusterversion version --type merge -p '{"spec":{"channel":"stable-4.14"}}'
oc adm upgrade --to=4.14.10
watch oc get clusterversion
oc get co

Switch Cluster Version Channel

oc patch \
  --patch='{"spec": {"channel": "prerelease-4.1"}}' \
  --type=merge \
  clusterversion/version

Unmanage Operators

Retrieve current overrides

oc get -o json clusterversion version | jq .spec.overrides

Add a `ComponentOverride` to set the network operator unmanaged

Extract the operator definition:

head -n5 /tmp/mystuff/0000_07_cluster-network-operator_03_daemonset.yaml

Example:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: network-operator
  namespace: openshift-network-operator

Create the patch YAML file: If no overrides exist:

- op: add
  path: /spec/overrides
  value:
  - kind: Deployment
    group: apps
    name: network-operator
    namespace: openshift-network-operator
    unmanaged: true

If overrides already exist:

- op: add
  path: /spec/overrides/-
  value:
  - kind: Deployment
    group: apps
    name: network-operator
    namespace: openshift-network-operator
    unmanaged: true

Apply the patch:

oc patch clusterversion version --type json -p "$(cat version-patch.yaml)"

Verify

oc get -o json clusterversion version | jq .spec.overrides

Disabling the Cluster Version Operator

oc scale --replicas 0 -n openshift-cluster-version deployments/cluster-version-operator

Machine Config

List all MachineConfig objects

oc get machineconfigs

View details of a specific MachineConfig

oc describe machineconfig <machineconfig-name>

Create a custom MachineConfig

Example YAML:

apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
kind: MachineConfig
metadata:
  name: custom-config
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
spec:
  config:
    ignition:
      version: 3.2.0
    storage:
      files:
      - path: /etc/mycustomconfig
        contents:
          source: data:,custom%20content%20here

Apply the configuration:

oc apply -f custom-config.yaml

Update Kubelet Configuration

Create a KubeletConfig:

apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
kind: KubeletConfig
metadata:
  name: custom-kubelet
spec:
  machineConfigPoolSelector:
    matchLabels:
      custom-kubelet: enabled
  kubeletConfig:
    cpuManagerPolicy: "static"
    cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: "5s"

Apply the configuration:

oc apply -f kubelet-config.yaml

Update MCP maxUnavailable

oc patch --type merge machineconfigpool/<machineconfigpool> -p '{"spec":{"maxUnavailable":<value>}}'

Pause/Unpause MCP

oc patch mcp/<mcp_name> --patch '{"spec":{"paused":true}}' --type=merge
oc patch mcp/<mcp_name> --patch '{"spec":{"paused":false}}' --type=merge

Scale Up Control Plane Machineset

oc patch controlplanemachineset.machine.openshift.io cluster -n openshift-machine-api --type=merge -p '{"spec":{"template":{"machines_v1beta1_machine_openshift_io":{"spec":{"providerSpec":{"value":{"numCPUs":8,"memoryMiB":32768}}}}}}}'

Monitoring

List Monitoring Stack Components

oc get pods -n openshift-monitoring

Restart a Monitoring Component

oc rollout restart deployment/grafana -n openshift-monitoring

Silence Alerts

Create a silence using the Alertmanager UI or CLI. Example CLI:

amtool silence add alertname="TargetDown" instance="example-instance"

Query Prometheus

Access the Prometheus UI or use oc to query:

oc exec -n openshift-monitoring prometheus-k8s-0 -c prometheus -- curl 'http://localhost:9090/api/v1/query?query=up'

Enable User Workload Monitoring

Patch the config to enable it:

oc patch configmap cluster-monitoring-config -n openshift-monitoring --patch='{"data":{"config.yaml":"enableUserWorkload: true"}}'

Monitor Custom Metrics

Deploy a custom application exposing metrics and configure Prometheus to scrape them by creating a ServiceMonitor:

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
  name: custom-app-monitor
  labels:
    team: custom-app
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: custom-app
  endpoints:
  - port: metrics

Apply the configuration:

oc apply -f custom-app-monitor.yaml

OVN

OpenShift OVN-Kubernetes

1. Stato rapido dei pod OVN sui master

oc get pods -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes -o wide | \
  egrep 'ovnkube-node|ovnkube-control-plane|master-0|master-1|master-2'

2. Stato dei container degli ovnkube-node

for p in $(oc get pods -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes -l app=ovnkube-node -o jsonpath='{range.items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"\n"}{end}'); do
  echo "=== $p ==="
  oc get pod -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes "$p" -o json | \
    jq -r '.spec.nodeName, (.status.containerStatuses[] | "\(.name)=\(.ready)")'
done

3. Eventi recenti di OVN

oc get events -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes --sort-by=.lastTimestamp | tail -100

4. Log utili degli ovnkube-node sui 3 master

for p in ovnkube-node-kd568 ovnkube-node-tcr28 ovnkube-node-ms268; do
  echo "### $p : ovn-controller"
  oc logs -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes $p -c ovn-controller --since=2h | \
    egrep -i 'error|warn|timeout|conntrack|openflow|geneve|health|route|gateway|mtu'

  echo "### $p : ovnkube-controller"
  oc logs -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes $p -c ovnkube-controller --since=2h | \
    egrep -i 'error|warn|timeout|egress|route|gateway|management port'
done

5. Log del control plane OVN

for p in $(oc get pods -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes -l app=ovnkube-control-plane -o name); do
  echo "### $p"
  oc logs -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes "$p" -c ovnkube-cluster-manager --since=2h | \
    egrep -i 'error|warn|timeout|master|node|egress|route|gateway'
done

6. PodNetworkConnectivityCheck verso i master

for x in \
  network-check-source-ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-worker-0-t56f7-to-network-check-target-ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-0 \
  network-check-source-ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-worker-0-t56f7-to-network-check-target-ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-1 \
  network-check-source-ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-worker-0-t56f7-to-network-check-target-ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-2
 do
  echo "### $x"
  oc get podnetworkconnectivitycheck -n openshift-network-diagnostics "$x" -o yaml | \
    sed -n '/status:/,$p'
done

7. Test host network dei master verso LDAP

for n in ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-0 ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-1 ocpapp-dr-g5t4w-master-2; do
  echo "### $n"
  oc debug node/$n -- chroot /host bash -lc '
    echo -n "NODE=$(hostname) TCP636: "
    timeout 5 bash -c "cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/10.213.48.178/636" && echo OK || echo FAIL
    echo -n "ROUTE: "
    ip route get 10.213.48.178 2>/dev/null || true
  '
done

8. Test pod network dai pod OAuth verso LDAP

for p in $(oc -n openshift-authentication get pod -l app=oauth-openshift -o name); do
  echo -n "$p -> "
  oc -n openshift-authentication exec "$p" -- bash -lc '
    timeout 5 bash -c "cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/10.213.48.178/636" >/dev/null 2>&1 \
      && echo OK || echo FAIL
  '
done

9. Restart mirato degli ovnkube-node sui master problematici

Master-0

oc delete pod -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes ovnkube-node-kd568
oc get pod -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes -w | grep ovnkube-node-kd568

Master-1

oc delete pod -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes ovnkube-node-tcr28
oc get pod -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes -w | grep ovnkube-node-tcr28

10. Ritest dopo restart OVN

for p in $(oc -n openshift-authentication get pod -l app=oauth-openshift -o name); do
  echo -n "$p -> "
  oc -n openshift-authentication exec "$p" -- bash -lc '
    timeout 5 bash -c "cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/10.213.48.178/636" >/dev/null 2>&1 \
      && echo OK || echo FAIL
  '
done

Operator-Lifecycle-Manager (OLM)

List Installed Operators

oc get csv -n openshift-operators
oc get csv -A --no-headers -o custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,DISPLAY:.spec.displayName,VERSION:.spec.version | sort | uniq

Install an Operator

Create a subscription for the operator:

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: my-operator
  namespace: openshift-operators
spec:
  channel: stable
  name: my-operator
  source: operatorhubio-catalog
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace

Apply the subscription:

oc apply -f subscription.yaml

Check the Status of an Operator

oc get csv -n openshift-operators

Uninstall an Operator

Delete the subscription and CSV:

oc delete subscription my-operator -n openshift-operators
oc delete csv my-operator.v1.0.0 -n openshift-operators

Approve a Manual InstallPlan

oc patch installplan install-xxxxx -n openshift-operators --type merge --patch '{"spec": {"approved": true}}'

View Operator Logs

Find the operator's pod and view logs:

oc get pods -n openshift-operators
oc logs my-operator-pod -n openshift-operators

Create a Custom Resource for an Operator

Example YAML:

apiVersion: app.example.com/v1
kind: ExampleApp
metadata:
  name: example-app
  namespace: myproject
spec:
  size: 3

Apply the custom resource:

oc apply -f example-app.yaml

Check Operator Conditions

oc get csv my-operator.v1.0.0 -n openshift-operators -o jsonpath='{.status.conditions}'

List Available Operators in the Marketplace

oc get packagemanifests -n openshift-marketplace

Describe a Specific Operator

oc describe packagemanifest my-operator -n openshift-marketplace

Update an Operator Subscription

oc patch subscription my-operator -n openshift-operators --type merge --patch '{"spec": {"channel": "stable"}}'

Routers

Restart a Router

Restart the default router deployment:

oc rollout restart deployment/router-default -n openshift-ingress

List Router Pods

oc get pods -n openshift-ingress -l ingresscontroller.operator.openshift.io/deployment-ingresscontroller=default

Delete Router Pods to Trigger Reconciliation

oc delete pod -n openshift-ingress -l ingresscontroller.operator.openshift.io/deployment-ingresscontroller=default

Check Router Logs

oc logs -n openshift-ingress pod/router-default-xxxxx

Expose a Route

Expose a service using a route:

oc expose service my-service --hostname=my.custom.domain

List Routes

oc get routes -A

Storage

List Persistent Volume Claims (PVCs)

oc get pvc -A

Describe a PVC

oc describe pvc my-pvc

Create a PVC

Example YAML for a PVC:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: my-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Gi

Apply the PVC:

oc apply -f pvc.yaml

List Storage Classes

oc get storageclass

Set Default Storage Class

oc patch storageclass <storage-class-name> -p '{"metadata": {"annotations": {"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class": "true"}}}'

Delete a PVC

oc delete pvc my-pvc

Create a Persistent Volume (PV)

Example YAML for a PV:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: my-pv
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 10Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
  hostPath:
    path: /mnt/data

Apply the PV:

oc apply -f pv.yaml

Expand a PVC

Ensure the underlying storage class supports expansion. Then patch the PVC:

oc patch pvc my-pvc -p '{"spec": {"resources": {"requests": {"storage": "20Gi"}}}}'

Pull Secrets

Create a Pull Secret

Create a pull secret to authenticate with an external container registry:

oc create secret docker-registry my-pull-secret \
  --docker-server=<registry-server> \
  --docker-username=<username> \
  --docker-password=<password> \
  --docker-email=<email>

Link a Pull Secret to a ServiceAccount

oc secrets link default my-pull-secret --for=pull

View Linked Secrets for a ServiceAccount

oc get serviceaccount default -o yaml

Update the Global Pull Secret

Edit the pull secret:

oc edit secret pull-secret -n openshift-config

Add the credentials for the desired registry in the auths section.

Add Credentials to a Namespaced Secret

Create a new secret with updated credentials:

oc create secret docker-registry my-namespace-pull-secret \
  --docker-server=<registry-server> \
  --docker-username=<username> \
  --docker-password=<password> \
  --docker-email=<email> -n mynamespace

Link the new secret to a service account:

oc secrets link my-serviceaccount my-namespace-pull-secret --for=pull -n mynamespace

View secret in STDOUT:

oc extract secret my-namespace-pull-secret -n mynamespace --to=-

Registries

List Images in the Internal Registry

oc get is -A

Expose the Internal Registry Externally

oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/cluster \
  --type merge \
  --patch '{"spec":{"defaultRoute":true}}'

Retrieve the route:

oc get route default-route -n openshift-image-registry

Mirror an External Image to the Internal Registry

oc image mirror docker.io/library/nginx:latest \
  image-registry.openshift-image-registry.svc:5000/myproject/nginx:latest

Set Registry Resource Limits

oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/cluster \
  --type merge \
  --patch '{"spec":{"resources":{"requests":{"memory":"1Gi"},"limits":{"memory":"2Gi"}}}}'

Prune Old Images

oc adm prune images --confirm

Force Garbage Collection on the Internal Registry

oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/cluster \
  --type merge \
  --patch '{"spec":{"managementState":"Managed"}}'

Run garbage collection:

oc exec -n openshift-image-registry -it $(oc get pods -n openshift-image-registry -l docker-registry=default -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -- registry garbage-collect /config.yml

OpenShift Container Platform Troubleshooting

Inspect all resources in a namespace

oc adm inspect ns/mynamespace

Run cluster diagnostics

oc adm diagnostics

Collect must-gather

oc adm must-gather

Check status of the current project

oc status

Get events for a project sorted by timestamp

oc get events --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp
oc get events --sort-by='.lastTimestamp'

Get events of type Warning

oc get ev --field-selector type=Warning -o jsonpath='{.items[].message}{"\n"}'

Logs management

Get the logs of a specific pod

oc logs myrunning-pod-2-fdthn

Follow the logs of a specific pod

oc logs -f myrunning-pod-2-fdthn

Tail the logs of a specific pod

oc logs myrunning-pod-2-fdthn --tail=50

Check the integrated Docker registry logs

oc logs docker-registry-n-{xxxxx} -n default | less

Create a temporary namespace to debug the node

oc debug node/master01

Troubleshooting

Check Cluster Status

oc status

View Cluster Events

oc get events -A --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp

Check Pod Logs

oc logs pod-name

Follow logs for a pod:

oc logs -f pod-name

Debug a Pod

Start a debug session:

oc debug pod/pod-name

Inspect a Node

oc debug node/node-name

Restart a Deployment

oc rollout restart deployment/deployment-name

Check Network Connectivity from a Pod

Use a debug pod to check connectivity:

oc run debug-pod --image=registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/ubi --restart=Never --command -- sleep infinity
oc exec -it debug-pod -- curl -v http://service-name:port

Diagnose DNS Issues

Check if DNS resolution works:

oc exec -it pod-name -- nslookup service-name

View Resource Usage

View node resource usage:

oc adm top nodes

View pod resource usage:

oc adm top pods -A

Describe Resources

Describe a pod:

oc describe pod pod-name

Describe a node:

oc describe node node-name

Collect Cluster Diagnostics

oc adm diagnostics

Use Must-Gather

Collect diagnostics using must-gather:

oc adm must-gather

Check Image Registry Logs

oc logs -n openshift-image-registry deployment/image-registry

Analyze CrashLoopBackOff

Check the previous logs for a pod:

oc logs --previous pod-name

Debug with a Temporary Namespace

Create a temporary debug namespace:

oc new-project debug-namespace

Delete it when done:

oc delete project debug-namespace

Reset a Node

Drain and reboot a node:

oc adm drain node-name --ignore-daemonsets --force
reboot

Stato Kubelet sui nodi

oc get nodes -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"\t"}{.status.conditions[?(@.type=="Ready")].status}{"\n"}{end}'

Recupero Proxy Cluster

oc get proxy/cluster -o json | jq -r '
"export HTTP_PROXY=\(.spec.httpProxy)
export HTTPS_PROXY=\(.spec.httpsProxy)
export NO_PROXY=\"\(.spec.noProxy)\"
export http_proxy=\(.spec.httpProxy)
export https_proxy=\(.spec.httpsProxy)
export no_proxy=\"\(.spec.noProxy)\""
'

Disable disableCopiedCSVs parameter to true for the OLMConfig

https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.16/html/operators/administrator-tasks#olm-disabling-copied-csvs_olm-config

oc apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
kind: OLMConfig
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  features:
    disableCopiedCSVs: true
EOF

ETCD

Check the etcd status:

export ETCD_POD_NAME=$(oc get pods -n openshift-etcd -l app=etcd -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
export ETCD_POD_NAME=$(oc get pods -n openshift-etcd -l app=etcd --field-selector="status.phase==Running" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")

oc exec -n openshift-etcd -c etcd ${ETCD_POD_NAME} -- etcdctl member list -w table
oc exec -n openshift-etcd -c etcd ${ETCD_POD_NAME} -- etcdctl endpoint health --cluster -w table
oc exec -n openshift-etcd -c etcd ${ETCD_POD_NAME} -- etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w table
oc exec -n openshift-etcd -c etcd ${ETCD_POD_NAME} -- etcdctl endpoint status --cluster -w json | jq '.[] | ((.Status.dbSize - .Status.dbSizeInUse)/.Status.dbSize)*100'

oc exec -n openshift-etcd -c etcd $ETCD_POD_NAME -- etcdctl alarm list
oc exec -n openshift-etcd -c etcd $ETCD_POD_NAME -- etcdctl defrag

oc exec -n openshift-etcd -c etcdctl ${ETCD_POD_NAME} -- sh -c "etcdctl get / --prefix --keys-only  | grep -oE '^/[a-z|.]+/[a-z|.|8]*' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn" | while read KEY; do printf "$KEY\t" && oc exec -n openshift-etcd ${ETCD_POD_NAME} -c etcdctl -- etcdctl get ${KEY##* } --prefix --write-out=json | jq '[.kvs[].value | length] | add ' | numfmt --to=iec ; done | sort -k3 -hr | column -t

for i in `oc get pods -n openshift-etcd | egrep -v "NAME|guard|Succeeded" | awk '{ print $1 }'`; do echo "-- $i"; oc logs $i -c etcd -n openshift-etcd 2>&1 | awk -v min=999 'function norm(p){split($0,a,",");gsub("[tok:\"]","",a[p]);if (a[p] ~ ".*[0-9]s")a[p]*=1000; return a[p]*=1} {if (NR==1) start=$1} /took too long/ {b=norm(5); if (tmin==0) tmin=b; if (b<tmin) tmin=b; if (b>tmax) tmax=b; tavg+=b; t++} /context deadline exceeded/ {d++} /finished scheduled compaction/ {b=norm(6); if (b<min) min=b; if (b>max) max=b; avg+=b; c++} ENDFILE{end=$1} END{if (t==0) t--; printf " Log range:\t\t%s - %s\n took too long:\ttotal %d - min %d - max %d - avg %d\n deadline exceeded:\t%d\n compaction times:\ttotal %d - min %d - max %d - avg %d\n",start,end,t,tmin,tmax,tavg/t,d,c,min,max,avg/c}'; done

oc logs -n openshift-etcd -c etcd $ETCD_POD_NAME --tail=500 | egrep -i 'fsync|slow|leader|timeout|alarm'

Diagnostic Steps:

oc get pod -n openshift-etcd
oc logs etcd-XYZ-master-0 -c etcd -n openshift-etcd
oc rsh -n openshift-etcd <etcd pod>
(From inside container run below commands)
etcdctl member list -w table
etcdctl endpoint health --cluster
etcdctl endpoint status -w table

in case oc command doesn't work, connect with ssh to node and run

crictl logs $(crictl ps -aql --label  "io.kubernetes.container.name=etcd-member")
crictl logs  --since 48h $(crictl ps -aql --label  "io.kubernetes.container.name=etcd-member")

Collect metrics:

mkdir etcd-metrics
for etcd_pod in `oc get pods -l k8s-app=etcd -n openshift-etcd -o jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}'`; do oc exec -it $etcd_pod -n "openshift-etcd" -c "etcdctl" -- sh -c 'curl --cert $ETCDCTL_CERT --key $ETCDCTL_KEY --cacert $ETCDCTL_CACERT https://localhost:2379/metrics' &> etcd-metrics/${etcd_pod}_metrics.txt;done

Check the etcd objects:

export ETCD_POD_NAME=$(oc get pods -n openshift-etcd -l app=etcd --field-selector="status.phase==Running" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
oc exec -n openshift-etcd -c etcdctl ${ETCD_POD_NAME} -- sh -c "etcdctl get / --prefix --keys-only  | grep -oE '^/[a-z|.]+/[a-z|.|8]*' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn" | while read KEY; do printf "$KEY\t" && oc exec -n openshift-etcd ${ETCD_POD_NAME} -c etcdctl -- etcdctl get ${KEY##* } --prefix --write-out=json | jq '[.kvs[].value | length] | add ' | numfmt --to=iec ; done | sort -k3 -hr | column -t

Check the number of etcd objects:

oc project openshift-etcd
oc get po
oc rsh etcd-pod-name
sh-5.1# etcdctl get / --prefix --keys-only | sed '/^$/d' | cut -d/ -f3 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn

Backup ETCD shell:

### 0 0 * * * /usr/local/bin/etcd_backup.sh GCP-PRD 172.26.3.13 >> /home/ocp/backup-etcd/etcd_backup.log 2>&1

cat <<EOF > backup_script.sh
#!/bin/bash

# Uso: ./backup_script.sh <Nome Cluster> <IP Master>

if [ "\$#" -ne 2 ]; then
    echo "Uso: \$0 <Nome Cluster> <IP Master>"
    exit 1
fi

CLUSTER_NAME=\$1
MASTER_IP=\$2
BACKUP_PATH="/root/backup-etcd/\${CLUSTER_NAME}"

/bin/echo [\$(date +"%F %T")] Starting \${CLUSTER_NAME} Backup... &>> /var/log/\${CLUSTER_NAME}-backup.log
/bin/ssh -i /root/.ssh/ocp-acmac core@\${MASTER_IP} '/bin/sudo /usr/local/bin/cluster-backup.sh /home/core/backup && /bin/sudo /bin/find /home/core/backup -mtime +5 -delete && /bin/sudo /bin/chown -vR core:core /home/core/backup'
/bin/rsync -av --delete -e "/bin/ssh -i /root/.ssh/ocp-acmac" core@\${MASTER_IP}:/home/core/backup \${BACKUP_PATH} &>> /var/log/\${CLUSTER_NAME}-backup.log
/bin/echo [\$(date +"%F %T")] Terminated \${CLUSTER_NAME} Backup. &>> /var/log/\${CLUSTER_NAME}-backup.log
EOF

Backup ETCD cronjob:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ocp-backup-etcd
  labels:
    app: openshift-backup
  annotations:
    openshift.io/node-selector: ''
---
kind: ServiceAccount
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: openshift-backup
  namespace: ocp-backup-etcd
  labels:
    app: openshift-backup
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: cluster-etcd-backup
  labels:
    app: openshift-backup
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] 
  resources: 
     - "nodes" 
  verbs: ["get", "list"]
- apiGroups: [""] 
  resources: 
     - "pods" 
     - "pods/log" 
  verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "delete", "watch"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: openshift-backup
  labels:
    app: openshift-backup
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: openshift-backup
    namespace: ocp-backup-etcd
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-etcd-backup
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: openshift-backup-privileged
  namespace: ocp-backup-etcd
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:openshift:scc:privileged
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: openshift-backup
  namespace: ocp-backup-etcd
---
kind: CronJob
apiVersion: batch/v1
metadata:
  name: openshift-backup
  namespace: ocp-backup-etcd
  labels:
    app: openshift-backup
spec:
  schedule: "56 23 * * *"
  concurrencyPolicy: Forbid
  successfulJobsHistoryLimit: 5
  failedJobsHistoryLimit: 5
  jobTemplate:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: openshift-backup
    spec:
      backoffLimit: 0
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: openshift-backup
        spec:
          containers:
            - name: backup
              image: "registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-cli:v4.10"
              command:
                - "/bin/bash"
                - "-c"
                - oc get no -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master --no-headers -o name | xargs -I {} --  oc debug {} -- bash -c 'chroot /host sudo -E /usr/local/bin/cluster-backup.sh /home/core/backup/ && chroot /host sudo -E find /home/core/backup/ -type f -ctime +"2" -delete'
          restartPolicy: "Never"
          terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
          activeDeadlineSeconds: 600
          dnsPolicy: "ClusterFirst"
          serviceAccountName: "openshift-backup"
          serviceAccount: "openshift-backup"

API Server (correlazione con error budget):

oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver get pods
oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver logs <pod-apiserver> --tail=500 | egrep -i 'slow|etcd|timeout'

Security

Create a secret from the CLI

oc create secret generic oia-secret --from-literal=username=myuser \
--from-literal=password=mypassword

Use secret in deployment env

oc set env deployment/ --from secret/oia-secret

Mount the Secret on a Volume

oc set volumes dc/myapp --add --name=secret-volume --mount-path=/opt/app-root/ \
--secret-name=oia-secret

List Istio Authorization Policies details (extract to csv)

(echo "Namespace,Name,Action,Principals,Namespaces,Paths"; oc get authorizationpolicies.security.istio.io --all-namespaces -o json | jq -r '.items[] | [.metadata.namespace, .metadata.name, .spec.action // "N/A", (.spec.rules[]?.from[]?.source.principals[]? // "N/A"), (if (.spec.rules[]?.from[]?.source.namespaces | type) == "array" then (.spec.rules[]?.from[]?.source.namespaces | join(",")) else .spec.rules[]?.from[]?.source.namespaces end // "N/A"), (if (.spec.rules[]?.to[]?.operation.paths | type) == "array" then (.spec.rules[]?.to[]?.operation.paths | join(",")) else .spec.rules[]?.to[]?.operation.paths end // "N/A")] | @csv') > authorizationpolicies.csv

Certificates

Sign all pending Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs)

oc get csr -o name | xargs oc adm certificate approve

Authenticate users using TLS certificates

Generate a private key and CSR:

mkdir ${OCP_USERNAME}
openssl req -new -nodes -subj "/CN=${OCP_USERNAME}" \
  -keyout ${OCP_USERNAME}/private.key -out ${OCP_USERNAME}/request.csr

Create a CertificateSigningRequest:

cat <<EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CertificateSigningRequest
metadata:
  name: tls-auth-${OCP_USERNAME}
spec:
  signerName: "kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client"
  request: $(cat ${OCP_USERNAME}/request.csr | base64 | tr -d '\n')
  usages:
    - digital signature
    - key encipherment
    - client auth
EOF

Approve the CSR:

oc adm certificate approve tls-auth-${OCP_USERNAME}

API

API Resources

List all API resources:

oc api-resources

API resources per API group

oc api-resources --api-group config.openshift.io -o name
oc api-resources --api-group machineconfiguration.openshift.io -o name

Explain resources

Explain resource details:

oc explain pods.spec.containers

For a specific API group:

oc explain --api-version=config.openshift.io/v1 scheduler

Miscellaneous Commands

Manage node state

oc adm manage node <node> --schedulable=false

Get VSphere config

oc  get cm cloud-provider-config -o json -n openshift-config |  jq -r .data.config

List installed operators

oc get csv

Export resources as a template

oc export is,bc,dc,svc --as-template=app.yaml

Show user in prompt

function ps1(){
  export PS1='[\u@\h($(oc whoami -c 2>/dev/null|cut -d/ -f3,1)) \W]\$ '
}

Backup OpenShift objects

oc get all --all-namespaces --no-headers=true | awk '{print $1","$2}' | while read obj; do
  NS=$(echo $obj | cut -d, -f1)
  OBJ=$(echo $obj | cut -d, -f2)
  FILE=$(echo $obj | sed 's/\//-/g;s/,/-/g')
  echo $NS $OBJ $FILE
  oc export -n $NS $OBJ -o yaml > $FILE.yml
done

Show machine-config-controller logs

oc logs -n openshift-machine-config-operator $(oc get pod -n openshift-machine-config-operator -o name | grep controller)

Operator stuck in "Unknown Failure" while upgrading in RHOCP 4

oc delete pods -l 'app in (catalog-operator, olm-operator)' -n openshift-operator-lifecycle-manager

oc rollout restart deployment.apps/catalog-operator deployment.apps/olm-operator -n openshift-operator-lifecycle-manager

for sub in $(oc get subs -n openshift-storage -o json | jq '.items[] | select((.metadata.annotations."olm.generated-by" | .!= null) and (.status.installplan==null)) | .metadata.name' -r); do oc patch subs -n openshift-storage $sub --type json -p '[{"op":"remove", "path":"/metadata/annotations/olm.generated-by"}]'; done;


oc delete pod -l olm.catalogSource=redhat-operators -n openshift-marketplace
oc delete pod -l app=catalog-operator -n openshift-operator-lifecycle-manager
oc patch sub ${SUBSCRIPTION} -n ${PROJECT} --subresource=status --type json -p '[{"op":"remove","path":"/status/conditions"}]'

Operator Upgrade Not Progressing [https://access.redhat.com/solutions/7020921]

for OPERATOR in ocs-operator mcg-operator odf-operator odf-csi-addons-operator cephcsi-operator ocs-client-operator odf-prometheus-operator rook-ceph-operator recipe odf-dependencies; do export OPERATOR; oc get job -n openshift-marketplace -o json | jq -r '.items[] | select(.spec.template.spec.containers[].env[].value|contains (env.OPERATOR)) | .metadata.name' >> /tmp/jobs; done

cat /tmp/jobs ( example, could be many more in customer env.) 
6d97dfcfa4d148a766632d834e1ebbd6fa245631f49e8243eb42ff596722969
6f70c8b65e5a693e11613dd966e9a37bb81e3324323c2dfe14badc99e71077e

for i in `cat /tmp/jobs`; do oc delete job $i -n openshift-marketplace; oc delete configmap $i -n openshift-marketplace; done

oc delete installplans -n openshift-storage --all
oc delete subs odf-operator -n openshift-storage
oc get subs -n openshift-storage
for i in $(oc get csv -n openshift-storage -o name | grep rhodf); do oc delete $i -n openshift-storage; done
oc get catalogsource -n openshift-marketplace|grep redhat-operators
oc delete pods -l 'app in (catalog-operator, olm-operator)' -n openshift-operator-lifecycle-manager

 $ vi subscription.yaml

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: odf-operator
  namespace: openshift-storage
spec:
  channel: "stable-4.14" # <-- Channel should be modified depending on the OCS version to be installed. Please  ensure to maintain compatibility with OCP version
  installPlanApproval: Automatic
  name: odf-operator
  source: redhat-operators  # <-- Modify the name of the redhat-operators catalogsource if not default
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace

 $ oc apply -f subscription.yaml

Retrieve MachineNetwork, Pod CIDR, Service CIDR

echo -n "Pod CIDR (clusterNetwork): " ; oc get network.config.openshift.io cluster -o jsonpath='{.spec.clusterNetwork[*].cidr}{"\n"}'
echo -n "Service CIDR (serviceNetwork): " ; oc get network.config.openshift.io cluster -o jsonpath='{.spec.serviceNetwork[*]}{"\n"}'
echo -n "Machine Network: " ; oc get infrastructure.config.openshift.io cluster -o jsonpath='{.status.platformStatus.vsphere.machineNetworks}{"\n"}'

- GCP

gcloud compute instances list \
  --project gcp-prj-ocp-srv-prd-001 \
  --filter="name~'^ocp-prd-f5ckt-'" \
  --format="table(name,zone,networkInterfaces[0].network,networkInterfaces[0].subnetwork,networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)"

ODF

Script to patch CephTools

oc exec -n openshift-storage deployment/rook-ceph-tools -- ceph status

ceph status
ceph osd status
ceph osd pool ls
ceph df
rados df

ceph health detail 
ceph versions 
ceph config dump 
ceph osd df tree 
ceph osd pool ls detail 
ceph df 
ceph osd dump 
ceph pg dump 
ceph report 
ceph osd pool autoscale-status 
ceph osd crush dump 


#!/bin/bash
if [ "$1" == "off" ]; then
    oc patch OCSInitialization/ocsinit -n openshift-storage \
      --type=merge -p='{"spec":{ "enableCephTools": false}}'
    sleep 3
    echo "removing any existing toolbox pod"
    oc delete pods -n openshift-storage -l app=rook-ceph-tools
else
    oc patch OCSInitialization/ocsinit -n openshift-storage \
      --type=merge -p='{"spec":{ "enableCephTools": true}}'

    TOOLS_POD=""
    echo -n "waiting for ceph tools pod to schedule "
    until [ -n "$TOOLS_POD" ]; do
        echo -n "."
        sleep 5
        TOOLS_POD=$(oc get pod -n openshift-storage -l app=rook-ceph-tools -o name)
    done
    echo "$TOOLS_POD"

    echo "waiting for ceph tools pod to startup"
    oc wait $TOOLS_POD --for=condition=Ready --timeout=300s  -n openshift-storage

    echo "connecting to ceph toolbox"
    oc rsh -n openshift-storage $TOOLS_POD
fi

Ceph Status

oc exec -it $(oc get pod -n openshift-storage -l app=rook-ceph-operator -o name) -n openshift-storage -- ceph status -c /var/lib/rook/openshift-storage/openshift-storage.config

Ceph Time Sync

oc exec -it $(oc get pod -n openshift-storage -l app=rook-ceph-operator -o name) -n openshift-storage -- ceph time-sync-status -c /var/lib/rook/openshift-storage/openshift-storage.config

StorageCluster Status

oc get storagecluster -n openshift-storage

Noobaa check oggetti e size

radosgw-admin bucket stats | jq -r '
.[] | "\(.bucket) objs=\(.usage["rgw.main"].num_objects) sizeGB=\(.usage["rgw.main"].size_kb/1024/1024|floor)"'

Check bucket status.

oc get ob  -o custom-columns=NAME":metadata.name",BUKCKET_NAME":spec.endpoint.bucketName",STORAGE-CLASS":spec.storageClassName",PHASE":status.phase"

https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_openshift_data_foundation/4.12/html-single/managing_hybrid_and_multicloud_resources/index#accessing-the-Multicloud-object-gateway-from-the-mcg-command-line-interface_rhodf

noobaa bucket status {bucket_name}

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
AUDIT		AUDIT
CLUSTEROPERATORS		CLUSTEROPERATORS
DEBUG		DEBUG
DOC		DOC
INSTALL		INSTALL
LOGGING		LOGGING
MINIO-ODP		MINIO-ODP
MONITORING		MONITORING
MTC		MTC
OVN		OVN
PATCH		PATCH
PROMETHEUS-UTILS		PROMETHEUS-UTILS
QUAY		QUAY
RBAC		RBAC
S3-RCLONE		S3-RCLONE
SERVICE-MESH		SERVICE-MESH
Gemfile		Gemfile
README.md		README.md
_config.yml		_config.yml
architecture_overview.png		architecture_overview.png
pod.jpg		pod.jpg

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🚀 OpenShift Cheat Sheet 🚀

Table of Contents

Login and Configuration

oc client download

oc Autocompletion

Login with a user

Login as system admin

User Information

View your configuration

View your VSphere Credential [https://access.redhat.com/solutions/6677901]

Fix VSphere Credential [https://access.redhat.com/solutions/6677901]

Update the current context to have users login to the desired namespace

List OAuth Access Tokens

Useful Commands

List all Projects

Switch to a Project

Get Resources in a Project

Apply Configuration from a File

Create Objects Using Bash Here Documents

Export Resources to a File

Delete a Resource

Debug a Pod

Check Cluster Status

View Cluster Nodes

Describe a Node

List nodes CPU/RAM

View Nodes allocation

View Nodes Taints

View Nodes Rendered MachineConfig

fstrim Nodes to free space

Get Logs for a Pod

Follow Logs for a Pod

Port Forward a Pod

Execute a Command in a Running Pod

Scale a Deployment

Create a New Application

List resource name by selector

List nodeSelector per deployment

Manage Kubeconfig Files

Create a new app from a GitHub Repository

New app from a different branch

Create objects from a file

Delete objects contained in a file

Create or merge objects from a file

Update existing object

Monitor Pod status

Get a Specific Item (podIP) using a Go template

Gather information on a project's pod deployment with node information

Hide inactive Pods

Display all resources

Get the OpenShift Console Address

Get the Pod name from the Selector and rsh into it

Execute a single command in a running pod

Create a pod for the container image "fedora" and execute commands with it

Copy from local folder byteman-4.0.12 to Pod wildfly-basic-1-mrlt5 under the folder /opt/wildfly

Create Infra MachineSets + Move router, registry, monitoring to infra nodes

Deployments

Manual deployment

Rollout a Deployment

Pause a Deployment

Resume a Deployment

Scale a Deployment

Undo a Deployment Rollout

Check Deployment History

Set Deployment Strategies

Define resource requests and limits in DeploymentConfig

Define livenessProbe and readinessProbe in DeploymentConfig

Scale the number of Pods to 2

Define Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)

LIST DEPLOY/REPLICAS x NAMESPACE (DR-check)

ConfigMaps

View ConfigMap Data

Update a ConfigMap

Managing Routes

Create a route

Create Route and expose it through a custom Hostname