Run long operations as jobs you can watch, stop, and still find tomorrow - #38
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Backup, restore, diff, transfer and a long query all need the same thing: to run in the background, say how far along they are, and stop when asked. This is the first piece of the machine they will share — where a job can be, and which moves between those places are real. Cancelling is a state rather than a flag because it is the only honest answer to "did it stop?" while the work has been told to stop and has not stopped yet. A backup whose pg_dump is still writing has not stopped, and reporting otherwise is how a half-written file comes to be treated as no file at all. The three ends have no way out. A job that moves after somebody watched it finish is a job that reappears in the panel, and running one again is a new job rather than this one resumed. Staying put is not a transition either: two people pressing Cancel on the same job is one cancellation, not a state change and a no-op that look alike. The rule answers a destination instead of mutating anything, so it stays usable from inside a lock without holding one, and testable with no job to apply it to. The state names are contract, not debugging convenience — they cross to the window and go into the history on disk.
The queue takes a Runner and starts it, and Submit comes straight back: submitting is what the window does on a click, and a click that blocks until a backup finishes is the defect this package exists to prevent. A Runner knows nothing about the queue that runs it. That is the direction the dependency has to point — query, dump and transfer will satisfy this interface, and none of them may be imported here, nor could they be: the queue has to be testable with no database, no network and no subprocess. The recover is the criterion about a job never taking the application down. A nil dereference inside a parser of pg_dump output would otherwise close the window with a backup half written to disk; caught, it is a job that failed, with what it panicked with kept — reporting a failure and nothing about why is barely better than crashing. It sits in a deferred function alongside the ordinary outcome, so there is no path out of the goroutine that leaves a job stuck in Running with nobody coming back for it. Ends are reached by asking the state machine rather than by assignment, so the rule about what is reachable stays in one place. Wait is bounded by the caller's context and never by the job's: a backup that never answers must not hold whoever asked about it for ever.
Work is handed a Reporter and says where it is. Reporting is one write of a small struct, and the latest word is the only word kept: a COPY of a million rows can report per row, because nothing accumulates and the only question anybody asks of progress is where the work is now. What is derived is derived at the moment of reading rather than the moment of speaking. That is what lets elapsed time grow while a job runs without the work reporting anything for it to, and stop the moment the job ends — a finished backup whose clock kept running would take longer every time somebody opened the panel. Indeterminate is a state of its own rather than nought per cent, because a job that has not said how far along it is has not failed to advance, and a bar sitting at zero says it has. A total nobody knows, a count that has not started, and the negatives work should never send all land there, since every one of them divides into an infinity or a NaN, and both of those render. The clock is injected. Every duration here is one somebody reads off the screen, and a test about one that waits for real time to pass is slow when it passes and flaky when it does not.
Work is handed an io.Writer, because that is what a subprocess's stdout plugs into and what Fprintf takes, so nothing has to be adapted to use it. Lines are assembled on this side: a subprocess writes when its buffer fills, not when a line ends, and treating each write as a line would shred every backup's log into the shape of the pipe rather than of what pg_dump said. What arrives without a newline after it is kept too — the last thing a process says before it dies is often the most useful, and it is exactly the thing with no newline after it. Secrets come out on the way in, not on the way out. Anything else leaves the password sitting in memory for as long as the history does, and writes it to disk when the history arrives. Nobody logs a password on purpose; it arrives inside the stderr of pg_dump and inside the message a driver builds from the connection string it was handed. Two ceilings, because there are two ways to fill memory and one does not see the other coming: ten thousand lines of pg_restore --verbose, and a single line of ten megabytes from a server that answered with a table. What goes is the beginning, since the end of a log is where the failure is, and how much went is reported — a log truncated in silence is read as the beginning of the operation. A line longer than the whole log is cut between characters: the corpus is full of accented names, and half of one is invalid UTF-8 that will not survive the trip to the window as JSON.
Cancel tells the work to stop and comes straight back. How long the work takes to notice is the work's business, and holding the window until a subprocess looks at its context is the thing being cancelled here in the first place. A job cancelled before it was picked up goes straight to its end and never runs. Waiting for the work to notice would start a backup somebody had already called off. What there is to undo is known by the work and by nothing else — the partial file it opened, the process group it started, the backend it left on the server — so cleanup is found by asking the Runner rather than declared beside it, and most work has none. It runs after the work has stopped, because removing a partial file while the thing writing it is still writing races one against the other. It is given a deadline: the person pressed Stop, and a cleanup blocked on a filesystem that is not answering must not hold the job in cancelling for ever. Two outcomes are deliberate and both come from the state machine. Cancelling is a request, not a promise: work that reached its end before it noticed finished, and calling a backup that exists one that does not would be worse than the button appearing to have missed. And a cleanup that fails is reported as a failure, because it is the partial file nobody removed — while work that merely returns context.Canceled is not, since telling somebody their backup failed because they pressed Stop is noise dressed as a report.
pg_restore -j starts workers. Killing the parent leaves them orphaned and still writing to the database after the person cancelled — the failure nobody sees until a restore somebody stopped has half finished. Cancelling has to reach the whole tree, and nothing in os/exec does. The package lives outside the core because the group is three mechanisms wearing one name: Setpgid on Linux and macOS, a Job Object on Windows. A domain should not need an operating system to be testable, which is the argument internal/credential already makes for itself, and the gate now holds internal/core and internal/ui to it. The two packages stay apart on purpose: credential decorates a command before it starts and cleans up after it ends, proc starts it, waits and kills it, neither knows the other, and the binary composes them. Windows needs the Job Object rather than the console group, because a console group governs which processes a Ctrl+Break reaches and not which ones die together. KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE covers the case nothing else does — Hermes itself being killed, with a backup left running behind a window that is gone. The test starts a process that starts another, kills the group and proves the grandchild stopped. It runs on all three systems, beside the keychain and credential jobs that exist for the same reason: what is being proved here is a property of an operating system, and only that operating system can say it. Killing just the parent instead makes it fail, which is the only way to know a test of this shape is real.
The first place the Go side pushes state to the window rather than answering a question, so it is the shape ADR-0015 fixed: events are the fast path and List is the truth. A window that missed one is corrected by asking, and the path that corrects it is the same one that fills the panel when it opens — exercised every time, rather than only after something has already gone wrong. Progress is sampled, not forwarded. A COPY of a million rows reports per row, and every one of those crossing to the webview is the window not repainting; reading where each job is ten times a second turns a million reports into ten, whatever the work does. Sample is exported so that the cap is a property of a function a test can call rather than of a ticker a test has to wait for. A state change does not go through it: it is what takes a bar off the screen, so the queue announces it as it happens, to an observer it is handed. The emitter is an interface this service receives. The gate already holds this package to that for the vault and the engine, and the reason is the same: a service that called application.Get() would need a running Wails application before it could be tested at all, and the cap above would be untestable with it. The adapter that does reach for the global lives in the command, where the global belongs. What crosses is shaped for the window rather than for Go. The state goes as its name, because a number would make the frontend carry a copy of an enumeration whose order is an implementation detail of a Go file. Durations go as milliseconds, because a Go duration marshals as nanoseconds and dividing by the wrong power of ten is invisible until an ETA reads three hours for a job with three seconds left. A job with no end has an empty string rather than the zero time, which a date formatter will happily print as the year 1.
The panel holds two things that arrive by different routes and must not be confused. Events move a bar without a round trip; the full listing is the truth, read when the panel mounts and whenever the window comes back. The second is not a fallback that runs when something goes wrong — it is the same path that fills the panel in the first place, so it is exercised every time somebody opens it, which is the only kind of recovery code that still works when it is needed. A progress event carries what moved and not the whole job, so it is applied rather than merged. Merging it would blank the title and the times, and the row would go empty for a job that is simply advancing — the work disappearing from view at the moment it is busiest. A job that cannot say how far along it is gets a bar that travels rather than one that fills, and no aria-valuenow. Drawing nought per cent would say the work has failed to advance, which is a different and worse thing to tell somebody. The travelling stops for anyone whose system says they do not want motion. Stop shows only while there is something to stop: cancelling is already stopping, and a button that stays live after it says otherwise. Forget shows only once a job has ended, and the Go side refuses it otherwise, because taking the row away while the work runs leaves nothing on screen able to stop it. Watch and Sample moved off the bound service. Every exported method on a service becomes a binding, and a window able to call a method that never returns can hold a goroutine open for the life of the application by accident. One type answers questions; the other talks without being asked, and only the first is bound.
The queue forgets everything when the window closes, and the panel has to say what happened yesterday. This is the contract for that, and nothing that knows it will be a database. internal/core/store owns the concept: a record of a job that ended, the rules it is held to, a keyset cursor and the port itself. It imports nothing but the standard library and internal/core/job, which is what lets the dependency gate keep database/sql out of the core — ADR-0014. internal/sqlitestore, the only package that will know this is SQLite, does not exist yet. The in-memory history beside it is the double every use case that files a finished job will be proven against, and internal/core/store/storetest is the conformance suite that keeps the double and the file honest about the same things: the round trip including the error and the log, pages that neither repeat nor skip, jobs that ended in the same instant, refusals for a job still running, and a log the store keeps rather than borrows. The SQLite implementation passes the same suite or it is not an implementation of this. The history is ordered by when a job ended, not by when it started: a job cancelled before it ever ran has no beginning, and ordering by a time that may be absent would file today's cancellation at the bottom of the list. The record also carries how many lines the log's ceiling took, so that a truncated log is never read as the whole story. The gate gains internal/core and internal/ui not reaching internal/sqlitestore, with the synthetic cases that prove the rule bites before there is anything for it to bite. The conformance suite leaves the coverage count for the reason the vault's does: over half of it is the branch that only runs when an implementation is broken.
The panel emptied itself every time the window closed. It no longer does: a job that ends is written to a file, and the next session opens showing what ran in the last one. internal/sqlitestore is the outside of the local state and the only package that imports database/sql — the other half of the split ADR-0014 made. One file under the configuration directory, private to its owner, with a migration ladder from the first version so the backup catalogue can move in later without inventing the mechanism. It answers the same conformance suite as the in-memory double, which is what the suite was written for. The driver is modernc.org/sqlite, in pure Go, and the CI build now proves the reason: hermes-cli compiles with CGO_ENABLED=0 and really links the driver. A check that only built would pass by not containing the thing it is about. A file that cannot be opened does not stop the application. It leaves a history that lives in the session and a sentence saying so, and touches nothing on disk: whoever reads the warning still has the file it names. A row whose state nobody can read is refused rather than shown as pending, and a file from a newer Hermes is refused rather than guessed at. The queue gained the ability to hold several observers, because a job that ends is two unrelated pieces of news: a row the window redraws and a row the history keeps. store.Recorder is the second of those, and job.ParseState is what lets a name come back from disk. The panel now lists what is running and what has run, the queue's copy winning where a job is in both; a log is looked for in the history when the queue no longer holds it; dismissing a row takes it out of both places, so it does not come back tomorrow. hermes-cli jobs prints the same history for somebody reading a pipeline from a terminal.
The panel, the history and hermes-cli jobs all work and were not written down anywhere a reader of the repository can see. A section of its own, because stopping a long operation is the part people need to trust before they start one: Stop asks rather than pulls the plug, the row says cancelling until the work has actually stopped, what the job started is undone after it stops rather than beside it, a subprocess goes with its whole process group, and the whole thing is over within two seconds or reported as failed. The log section says what is capped and that the beginning is what goes, with the line that says how much. The history section gives the file per platform, says what happens when it cannot be opened, and shows hermes-cli jobs on a history with rows and on one without. It also says plainly that nothing submits a job yet. The panel opens empty until the query editor and the backup wizard arrive, and a README that described the engine without saying so would be describing a screen nobody can fill. The status paragraph and the roadmap move with it: the foundation is done, and what is missing is work to put in it.
The end of a job that never ran was written by hand under the lock: state, time, close, done. Nobody was told, because telling happens in finish and moveTo, and neither of them was involved. The queue's own observers are how the history is written, so a job called off while it was still waiting left no row anywhere — the operation somebody started and stopped had no trace at all once the process closed. The window was corrected by the next listing; the file never was. It ends through finish now, like every other end. The state machine is asked rather than assigned to, so a job that started underneath the check ends where its work puts it, and the end that got there first is still the one that counts.
The window held on to how many lines the log was holding and asked for everything after that index. A full log holds the same number of lines for ever — one leaves by the front for every one that arrives at the back — so from the moment the ceiling was reached the index was always the end, and the panel never heard another line. It is the case the ceiling was built for. A pg_restore --verbose fills five thousand lines in seconds and then goes quiet on screen while it is still talking, with the count of dropped lines climbing beside a log that has stopped moving. The log now counts what has been said since it began, which only ever goes up, and LogSince answers what came after a sequence. A reader that fell behind the front is given what survived rather than nothing: what it missed is what the dropped count already reports. The two things the ceiling takes are counted apart now — lines that left by the front, which move the sequence, and lines cut for being longer than the whole log, which do not, because a cut line is still there.
The schema version lives in four bytes of the SQLite header and it is a signed integer. A flipped bit makes it negative, which slipped past the guard against a file from a newer build and reached migrations[-1:] — a panic, not an error. That panic came out through Open and OpenJobHistory, which says in as many words that it never fails, and in the desktop command it happens before the window exists: the application died at startup because of its own bookkeeping. A damaged history is exactly what that fallback is for. Negative is now its own refusal with its own sentinel, because it is a different thing from a version this build is behind: one is a file from a future, the other is a file that has been damaged, and only the first is worth telling somebody to go and upgrade over.
The log was redacted on the way in and nothing else was. An error is the other piece of free text a job produces, and it is the one most likely to carry a connection string: what a driver puts in a message when it cannot connect is the string it was handed. It went to the window and into the history on disk exactly as the driver wrote it. The title and the step are the same shape of problem from the other direction — written by whoever submits the job and by the work as it goes, drawn in the window, kept in the file. All four now go through the same door, at the same moment: on the way in, so nothing is ever held with the password still in it, and so the file on disk is clean without anybody having to remember to clean it. A cleanup that fails is reported through the same path and comes out redacted with it.
The contract says times are kept to the millisecond. The file does it by writing a count of milliseconds; the double kept whatever time.Time it was handed, nanoseconds and location included. That is the one thing a double must never be — more generous than the store it stands in for. Every use case above the history is proven against this one, and a proof that relies on a nanosecond surviving is a proof about a store nobody has. The cursor is where it would have shown up first: two jobs a nanosecond apart are a nanosecond apart in memory and the same instant in the file, so a page boundary falls in a different place in each. The conformance suite could not have caught it, because the instants it used had nothing below the second in them — deliberately, and that was the mistake. It now writes an instant with every field filled and requires the same answer from both, and pages two jobs that ended inside one millisecond.
The panel orders its rows by comparing the times as text, and the two halves of the list did not speak the same dialect: a job running in this session carried the offset of this machine, a job read back from the history carried UTC. The same instant written two ways compares as two different instants, so "16:00+02:00" sorted after "15:00Z" although it is the earlier of the two — and the list mixed this session with the history on every machine that is not on UTC. Everything crosses in UTC now. Showing it in the reader's own zone is the window's business, and it has the instant to do it with.
killGroup asked the kernel which group the process was in, at the moment of killing. By then the process may have been waited for and collected, and a collected identifier belongs to the kernel again — on a machine that has wrapped around its identifiers it belongs to somebody else's process, whose group would have been the one signalled. Cancelling is exactly when that window opens. Setpgid makes the child the leader of its own group, so the group's identifier is the child's and it is known the moment it starts. It is written down there, beside the handle the Windows half already kept, and killing names it rather than asking for it. A command also knows now when it has been collected, and killing one that has been is no longer a signal sent anywhere. The flag is written under the lock that Kill holds while it signals, so the two cannot overlap.
Start marked the command started and only then put the process in a job object. On Windows that step can fail — a machine whose policy refuses to open a process for quota, a job object that cannot be created — and it fails with the process already running. The caller was then told the start failed, which it reasonably reads as nothing having begun: it never waits for the process, and the Kill it might send finds no group to terminate and answers success having killed nothing. A pg_restore carries on writing into the database after somebody pressed Stop, and everything on the way back says it stopped. A start that cannot hold what it started now takes it back. The process is killed and collected, the command stays unstarted, and the caller's reading of the error is the true one.
A line with no end to it that passes the whole size of the log has to be cut somewhere, and the cut was made on the spot: at exactly the ceiling, whatever byte that was, and without counting what went. Both halves of that are wrong in ways the package already knows about. A cut at an arbitrary byte lands inside a character — the corpus this product is tested against is full of accented names — and invalid UTF-8 reaches the file and the window. A cut nobody counted is a log presented as the whole story with most of it missing, which is the thing the count of dropped lines exists to prevent. The line is filed whole now, and cut by the code that cuts every other over-long line: it counts the loss and it moves the cut off the middle of a character. Both behaviours were already written and already tested — they were simply not reached from here.
The panel keeps the whole session on screen, and sampling reads every row of it ten times a second. A job that ended this morning was asked what it had said since, all afternoon, and answered nothing every time. A job that has ended and had nothing new to say has said everything it ever will: nothing can be appended to the log of work that is over. It is marked as settled at that point and not asked again, which costs one reading after the end rather than one every hundred milliseconds for the life of the window. The watcher takes the narrow interface it actually uses rather than the whole queue, for the same reason the emitter beside it is an interface: a test about what it does not ask for needs something to ask.
Ending a job that had not been picked up read the state, let the lock go and then asked for the end. Between the two, the work of that very job could start: the state machine refused the move afterwards, which is correct, but only after the thing the cancellation was meant to prevent had already happened. Both now happen under one taking of the lock. The refusal for a job that has moved on is still there, because the state machine is still what answers — it is the reading it acts on that is no longer stale.
Cancelling told the work to stop and only then wrote down that the job was stopping. Work that honours its context returns the instant it is told — a COPY that checks between rows returns on the next row — and what it returns is context.Canceled. Arriving before the queue had written anything down, that read as a job that failed: state failed, reason "context canceled", and the cleanup that removes the half-written file skipped, because cleanup belongs to cancelling. So the person who pressed Stop was told their backup had failed, given the cancellation as the reason, and left with the partial file nobody removed. The state is written first now and the context cancelled after it. The work cannot answer before there is something to read its answer against.
The queue held every job the application had ever run, and a job that has ended still holds its log — a megabyte of it, by the ceiling a log is kept under. A session of verbose restores would spend the whole memory budget of the application on work that finished hours ago, on top of the connections that budget is actually for. It keeps a hundred of them now and lets the rest go, oldest first. What is let go has been written to the history by then: the panel still lists it, because the panel reads both, and its log comes back from the file when somebody opens it. Nothing that is still going is ever dropped, and neither is the job that has only just ended — one would be work nothing on screen could stop, the other would be a job whoever was waiting for it could no longer ask about. The order is the order they ended in, counted rather than read off the clock: jobs that finish inside one tick share an instant, and then the oldest would be whichever the map happened to hand over first.
Whether the goroutine of a job reaches the work before the cancellation reaches the queue is the scheduler's decision, and nothing in a test can hold it back: the job is submitted and running a moment later. The case was asserted as though it were certain, so the test failed roughly once in thirty runs — for a reason that was never the code. It submits and cancels until it has seen the interleaving it is about, and fails if it never sees one. A test that waits for a rare ordering has to say so, or it becomes a test that passes by not looking.
Reporting is meant to be cheap enough to do per row — a COPY of a million rows says so a million times. It took the queue's exclusive lock to do it: the same lock that serialises listing, reading a log, ending a job and every other job's reporting. Two jobs copying at once queued behind each other, and the panel's sample ten times a second queued behind them. Progress lives behind a pointer of its own now, and whether the job has ended behind a flag of its own, so reporting takes no lock at all. The measurement it came with found the second half of the cost, which was mine: taking a secret out of a string means looking through it for several shapes of one, and that is three microseconds. Per row, over a million rows, it is three seconds of doing it to the same string — a step names the table being copied, so it does not change while the rows go by. It is looked through once and recognised after that. Reporting went from 2,806ns to 23ns, which is less than it cost before any of this. The benchmark stays, because the claim in the comment above Report was worth a number rather than a hope.
The permissions were set on hermes.db and on nothing else. SQLite keeps two files beside it in write-ahead mode — the log and its shared index — and the log is where the newest rows live until a checkpoint moves them across. They were created with the umask of the session, so on an ordinary machine the recent half of somebody's history was readable by anyone with an account on it. They are narrowed now, and a missing one is not a failure: they come and go, and a database at rest has neither. The main file is also narrowed before anything is written into it rather than after the pragmas. It is created by the first statement, and the window between that and the old chmod was a window with the file wide open.
The path goes to the driver as a data source name, and the driver splits one on its first question mark: what follows is read as connection parameters rather than as part of the file name. A path carrying one would open a file other than the one it names, configured by pragmas nobody chose. Nothing builds such a path today — the default is assembled from the configuration directory of the system — but Open is exported and the next caller is a path somebody typed on a command line. It is refused where it is still a path, with a sentence saying why, and the fallback treats it like any other path that cannot hold a database.
A cleanup runs when the work stopped because it was cancelled, and not when the work reached its own end in the moment between Stop being pressed and it noticing. That is the right behaviour — a backup that finished has nothing partial to take back — but the documentation said only what a cleanup is for, and listed a process group and a backend among the examples. Read that way, it is the place to release what the work holds, and the one path where it does not run is the path where the release would be missed. It now says which of the two it is, and where the other belongs.
The handle of the job object was closed on every path out of adopting and on none out of living. It has to stay open while the process does — KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE means closing it ends the tree — but after the process has been collected there is nothing in the job, and the handle is one the kernel gave out and never got back. One per backup, for the life of the application. It is released when the process is collected, beside the flag that says so, under the lock that Kill holds while it signals. Waiting is now done once and its answer kept. A job that cancels while its own goroutine is already waiting is two callers arriving at the same process, and os/exec answers the second with a complaint about being asked twice rather than with what happened.
The panel joined every line it held into one string and handed it to React on every event that arrived — ten times a second for a verbose restore, over a log that is allowed to reach five thousand lines. A thousand of those lines are above the top of the panel and nobody is reading them. It draws the last five hundred, and says how many it is not drawing. The end is where a failure is and where a running job is, and what somebody wants from a log this long is to follow it. Saying so matters for the same reason the queue counts what it dropped: a log that silently begins in the middle reads as an operation that began there.
The payload of every event was cast into the shape the window wanted. The comment beside one of the three said why that is the weak point of this boundary — the generator knows the signatures of methods and says nothing about what an event carries, so nothing checks these against Go at build time — and then the code did it anyway, three times. All three are checked now, and an event that does not carry what it claims to is dropped rather than drawn as blanks. Dropping is safe here for the reason the whole design rests on: the listing is the truth and the panel reads it when it opens and whenever the window comes back.
The pipeline builds cmd/hermes-cli once more with CGO_ENABLED=0, to prove it still compiles without a C toolchain. On a runner the binary goes with the machine; run locally, it sits in the working tree as something untracked that looks like it matters.
The keyset paging was built, tested and unreachable. The panel asked for the first page and offered no way to a second; the CLI printed one page and stopped. Somebody with a year of nightly backups had fifty rows and no way to the fifty-first. The panel has a way back at the foot of the list, a page at a time, and stops offering one when an asking comes back empty — the beginning of the history is a place, not a failure. A button rather than fetching as the list scrolls, because a person reading a log at the bottom of the panel is not asking for the next page, and a page fetched behind them moves the row they are reading. hermes-cli jobs takes -n for how many to print and walks the pages to reach it. Both ask by the row the last page ended on rather than by how many rows to skip. That is what the cursor is for: the history grows while somebody reads it, and counting from the start shows one row twice and misses the one after it.
A history that could not be opened leaves the session with one that dies with it, and the only place that said so was the log. Nobody reads a desktop application's log. The person finds out on the morning they open the panel looking for the backup that ran overnight, and it is empty with no reason given — which is the outcome the fallback was written to prevent, arriving by a different road. The panel says it, in the words the store used, above everything else it has to say: what is wrong with the history outlasts any notice about something somebody just did. Nothing is drawn on a machine where the history is being kept, because a banner that is always there is a banner nobody reads on the day it matters. It is the shape the vault already uses for the same problem — a view with a warning that is empty when there is nothing to warn about — and the line in the log stays, for whoever is reading one.
Four things changed underneath the section and the text no longer matched them: a history that cannot be opened says so in the panel rather than only in a log nobody reads, the list walks back through what has run, the log draws its last five hundred lines and says how many it is not drawing, and the headless command takes how many rows to print. The line about lines still arriving after the cap is there because it was not true when the section was written, and it is the case the cap exists for.
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Included review availability: 4 reviews are currently available. Your included PR review attempts over the past 7 days set your current allowance at 5 reviews per hour. 📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughAdds a complete Jobs foundation. The change includes asynchronous execution, cancellation, progress, bounded logs, process-group termination, persistent SQLite history, UI monitoring, pagination, CLI access, tests, and documentation. ChangesJobs foundation
Priority: ➖ Normal Estimated code review effort: 5 (Critical) | ~90 minutes Change: Feature Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to The Windows process-liveness test now distinguishes live child processes from terminated ones, so the prior cleanup-verification concern no longer blocks merging. 🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1❌ Failed checks (1 warning)
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The case set a field of its own on the command and then started it, to see that preparing had not written the whole struct over. What a caller legitimately sets there is mostly about terminals and sessions, and a machine running this in a pipeline has no terminal: the start failed with "inappropriate ioctl for device" on Linux and "operation not supported by device" on macOS, for the fixture rather than for the thing being tested. Preparing is where the answer is, so that is what it asks now. Nothing is started and there is no terminal to want. The two nolint directives beside the identifier conversions go with it. They were written for a linter that does not raise them on Unix, where the file is the one that compiles — so the only thing they did was fail the lint for being unused.
The two cases that follow a job all the way into the history read it the moment Wait returned. Wait answers when the job is over, and the history is written by an observer that is told after that and after whoever was waiting has been woken — so the read raced the write, and lost about two runs in three under the race detector. The queue is right to work that way: it knows nothing about its observers and promises nothing on their behalf. What was wrong is asking it for a guarantee it does not make. The cases wait for the row to appear, and say why the waiting is there.
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Inline comments:
In @.github/workflows/ci.yml:
- Around line 275-279: Update the go list dependency-check commands in the CI
step to run with CGO_ENABLED=0, matching the preceding cgo-free build settings.
Apply the setting to both dependency-graph checks involving cmd/hermes-cli,
including the modernc.org/sqlite validation and forbidden-package check.
In `@cmd/hermes-cli/main.go`:
- Around line 82-83: Validate the parsed count in the recent command after the
asked.Int call, rejecting zero or negative values with an error and non-success
exit status before the history lookup runs. Preserve the existing behavior for
positive counts and avoid reporting an empty history for invalid input.
In `@frontend/src/api/job.ts`:
- Around line 142-150: Update jobViewIn to require a present, non-null
object-valued progress property before returning a JobView; reject events that
fail this check while continuing to require only the existing id and progress
fields rather than other JobView fields.
In `@frontend/src/features/jobs/JobsPanel.tsx`:
- Around line 156-168: Update the JobsPanel log-fetch flow around jobLog and
JobWatcher.logOf so the snapshot read and watcher-cursor advancement occur under
one shared synchronization boundary. Ensure lines already included in the
JobService.Log snapshot cannot also be returned as newly received events, while
preserving the existing openedRef.current check and prepend behavior.
In `@internal/core/job/progress.go`:
- Around line 95-96: Clamp the remaining-time estimate assigned in the progress
update around view.Fraction and view.Remaining to the maximum representable
time.Duration before converting the float to time.Duration. Use math.MaxInt64
(adding the math import if needed), while preserving the existing estimate for
values within range.
In `@internal/proc/group_internal_test.go`:
- Around line 152-159: Update the Windows-specific implementation of alive to
determine process liveness with windows.OpenProcess and GetExitCodeProcess or
WaitForSingleObject(..., 0), rather than process.Signal(syscallZero()). Preserve
false for lookup or terminated-process failures and ensure waitUntilGone can
verify cleanup.
In `@internal/proc/group_test.go`:
- Around line 47-56: Update parent() to wait for the started child process by
calling command.Wait() instead of blocking in select {}. Preserve the existing
command.Start error handling so the fixture remains alive while the child runs
and exits only after the process tree completes.
In `@internal/proc/group_unix.go`:
- Line 39: Remove the unused //nolint:gosec directives from both PID-to-uintptr
conversions in the group process setup, leaving the conversions and surrounding
behavior unchanged.
In `@internal/sqlitestore/open.go`:
- Line 130: Update the SQLite DSN construction in the connection setup around
prepare to append _pragma=busy_timeout(5000) to the path-based DSN, preserving
ErrPathIsNotADSN validation for conflicting query parameters. Remove reliance on
applying busy_timeout only via the single PRAGMA ExecContext connection setup.
In `@internal/ui/job.go`:
- Around line 557-563: Update timeOf to format non-zero timestamps with a
fixed-width fractional-second layout so lexicographic ordering matches
chronological ordering, while preserving the empty result for zero times and UTC
conversion. Keep cursorOf parsing unchanged because it already accepts the
resulting timestamps.
- Around line 428-434: Update prune so stale entries in s.lines and s.settled
are removed based on alive independently of the s.said iteration. Preserve the
existing cleanup for s.said while adding coverage for keys that exist only in
lines or settled, preventing evicted fast jobs from accumulating bookkeeping
entries.
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The fixture started a grandchild and then blocked on an empty select. A goroutine that can never run again is a deadlock to the Go runtime, and with no other goroutine in the process it ends the program at once: the parent died the instant it started, every time. So the case that this package exists for — kill the group, prove the grandchild went with it — was killing a group whose leader was already gone. It passed, because an orphaned grandchild stays in the group it was born into and the signal still reaches it, but it proved something weaker than the sentence it is named after. It waits for the child now, which is what pg_restore does with its workers and what the fixture was always meant to be.
The check was os.Process.Signal with signal zero, which is the question with no side effect on Unix and not a question at all on Windows: there Signal answers an error for everything but Kill, whatever the process is doing. Measured on a process that was demonstrably alive, it answered that the process was gone. So the case that waits for a failed start to take its process back was passing on Windows by looking at nothing. It asks the operating system for the exit code of a handle now, and a process that has not exited reports that it is still active.
A transfer that counts bytes reports one byte done of ten billion a few seconds in. The estimate from that is about a hundred and fifty thousand years, which does not fit in a count of nanoseconds, and Go leaves the conversion of a float outside the range undefined: on an ordinary machine it comes out as a large negative number. Measured, the panel was being handed minus two and a half million hours. It is the defect the fraction is guarded against two lines above, one field along. Anything longer than a week now answers a week, because past that the honest answer is that nobody knows and a number stops helping.
The three maps were emptied by walking one of them: an identifier in the first was taken to mean an identifier in the other two. That holds today because progress is never the zero value — a job that cannot say how far along it is says exactly that, which is not nothing — so every job the watcher sees lands in the first map on its first sample. It holds, and it is an invariant of another package. Depending on it here buys nothing: three walks over three small maps cost nothing and stop being a question. The case that goes with it asks the property directly, that nothing about a job the queue no longer has is still being held.
The panel sorts its rows by comparing these strings, and the format they were written in trims trailing zeros off the fraction of a second. That makes the fraction a different length from one value to the next, and comparison is then between a digit and the letter that ends the string: ".12Z" and ".123Z" are three milliseconds apart, and "Z" sorts after "3", so the earlier of the two was drawn as the later. Three digits, always. Milliseconds because that is what the history keeps and therefore all there is to say, and the same zone as before, which is the other half of making these comparable at all.
The check on an incoming event asked only for an identifier. The panel reads into progress for every job that has not ended — the bar asks whether it is indeterminate — so an event that arrived without it, or with it null, would not draw a row with a missing bar. It would throw while rendering and take the panel down with it. Everything the Go side sends does carry it. That is the point of checking rather than asserting: what this guards against is the day one side changes and the other does not, and the panel surviving that is the whole reason the guard is here.
The whole log and the lines that keep arriving are two readings of one buffer taken at different moments, and each kept its own place. The panel fetched the whole log when somebody opened it; the watcher sent from wherever its sampling had got to, which is usually further back and is never the same place. So an event ordinarily carried lines that were already on screen, and they went on again — nothing in the lines themselves could say otherwise, because a log repeats itself all the time. Both readings now carry how far along the job's own count they reach, and the panel puts one after the other by that number: an event wholly behind adds nothing, one that straddles the end adds only its tail, and one that begins after a gap the ceiling took goes on whole. Events that arrive while the whole log is still on its way are held and folded in when it lands, through the same arithmetic, so the round trip no longer decides what the panel ends up holding.
Asked for `-n 0`, the reading found nothing — it stops before it starts — and the line underneath reported that no jobs have ever run, with a status saying the command had worked. That is a false statement about the machine, and a pipeline reading the status would believe it. A negative count did the same. Both are refused now, with the usage status and a sentence saying what the flag is for.
The wait for a database another process is writing was set by running a statement, which reaches the connection that statement ran on. The pool is capped at one connection, and that is not the same as one connection for ever: database/sql discards one it finds broken and opens another, and the replacement arrived with no wait at all — it would give up on the first lock it met and report the history as unreadable while the other window was simply writing a row. It goes in the name the driver is opened with now, so every connection is born with it. The path cannot carry a query of its own, because opening refuses one, so what follows the question mark is unambiguous. The journal mode stays a statement: it is a property of the file and survives in it, so saying it once says it for good.
The step builds cmd/hermes-cli with CGO_ENABLED=0 and then asked what it links with the runner's default, which is cgo on. Build constraints choose different files depending on that — the standard library alone swaps several — so the graph being checked was the graph of a binary nobody ships, and the check was answering about the wrong one.
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Author
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Thanks — this was a good review. Ten of the eleven findings were real and are fixed; the eleventh I looked into and could not reproduce, and I have taken the suggestion anyway for a different reason. Three of them I could reproduce and measure before touching anything, which is below. Each fix is its own commit, on top of The three worth showingThe parent of the test process tree was dying instantly.
So the case this package exists for — kill the group, prove the grandchild went with it — had been killing a group whose leader was already gone. It passed, because an orphaned grandchild stays in the group it was born into, but it proved something weaker than the sentence it is named after. It waits for the child now. The Windows liveness check answered "gone" for a process that was running. Measured, with the same process asked both ways: So the case that waits for a failed start to take its process back was passing on Windows by looking at nothing. It asks for the exit code of a handle now, and The estimate really does come out negative. One byte of ten billion after ten seconds, through the real code path: Anything longer than a week now answers a week: past that the honest answer is that nobody knows and a number stops helping. The rest
The one I did not take as reported
I could not reproduce it, and I do not think it can happen: the leak needs That said, the invariant lives in another package and this function has no business depending on it. The three maps are walked separately now, and the case that goes with it asks the property directly. All three platforms lint clean under |
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Inline comments:
In `@internal/proc/running_windows_test.go`:
- Line 32: Update the process-liveness check surrounding waitUntilGone to stop
using GetExitCodeProcess or the stillActive value. Open the process handle with
windows.SYNCHRONIZE and call windows.WaitForSingleObject(handle, 0), treating
windows.WAIT_TIMEOUT as running and windows.WAIT_OBJECT_0 or windows.WAIT_FAILED
as not running.
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📒 Files selected for processing (21)
.github/workflows/ci.ymlcmd/hermes-cli/main.gofrontend/bindings/github.com/gsoares85/hermes/internal/ui/index.tsfrontend/bindings/github.com/gsoares85/hermes/internal/ui/jobservice.tsfrontend/bindings/github.com/gsoares85/hermes/internal/ui/models.tsfrontend/src/api/job.test.tsfrontend/src/api/job.tsfrontend/src/features/jobs/JobsPanel.test.tsxfrontend/src/features/jobs/JobsPanel.tsxinternal/core/job/progress.gointernal/core/job/progress_test.gointernal/proc/group_internal_test.gointernal/proc/group_test.gointernal/proc/running_unix_test.gointernal/proc/running_windows_test.gointernal/sqlitestore/export_test.gointernal/sqlitestore/jobs_test.gointernal/sqlitestore/open.gointernal/ui/export_test.gointernal/ui/job.gointernal/ui/job_test.go
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (13)
- .github/workflows/ci.yml
- cmd/hermes-cli/main.go
- internal/sqlitestore/open.go
- frontend/src/api/job.test.ts
- internal/core/job/progress.go
- frontend/src/features/jobs/JobsPanel.test.tsx
- internal/proc/group_test.go
- frontend/src/features/jobs/JobsPanel.tsx
- internal/ui/job.go
- internal/sqlitestore/jobs_test.go
- frontend/bindings/github.com/gsoares85/hermes/internal/ui/models.ts
- frontend/src/api/job.ts
- internal/core/job/progress_test.go
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Asking a process for its exit code cannot tell "still running" from "ended by returning 259": Windows uses the same number for both, and says so itself — an application should not exit with STILL_ACTIVE. That is advice to the program being watched, and a watcher cannot hold it to it. The handle answers the question that was actually being asked. A process that is still running is not signalled, so waiting no time at all on it times out; one that has ended is signalled at once. I could not produce a case where the old reading lied, because a process this package has waited for has no handle left to open and the check never gets as far as the number. The change is on the API's own terms rather than on a failure I could show.
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Author
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Second pass taken too — Do not use exit code 259 as a liveness state. Correct, and the reasoning is the part worth keeping: Windows uses one number for "still running" and for "ended by returning 259", and the documentation's answer to that is advice to the program being watched. A watcher cannot hold it to that. The handle is waited on for no time at all now — a process still running is not signalled and the wait times out, one that has ended is signalled at once — which answers the question that was being asked rather than one about a number the process might one day return. One honest note: I could not produce a case where the previous reading actually lied. A process this package has waited for has no handle left to open, so the check fails at |
The comment above waitUntilGone still explained the check in terms of signal 0 and os.FindProcess, which was true when the helper lived inline and stopped being true once running moved into a file per system. It described the way that never worked on Windows.
reraise hands the interrupt back to the process and is meant to die of it. kill(2) only makes the signal pending, though: the kernel delivers it to whichever thread has it unblocked, and in a Go program that is rarely the one that called. Returning as soon as the send succeeded was therefore a race against its own death, and on a loaded machine it lost — the integration run caught it as a child that exited 1 instead of being killed by SIGINT. In the caller it is worse than a flaky test: reraise runs in a goroutine, so a return leaves the program alive with its handler already unregistered, which is the one state it must never be in. It now waits to be killed after the send, and exits with the status the death would have been reported as if the signal never arrives. The case that found this could only find it when the timing went badly. The new one hands back a signal nothing dies from, which asks the same question every time.
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Summary
Every operation Hermes exists to do — a backup, a restore, a transfer, a sync — takes long
enough that you have to be able to watch it, stop it, and read afterwards what it said. None of
them exists yet. This is the engine all of them will run on, and the panel they will appear in.
A job works in the background, reports how far along it is, keeps what it printed, and can
be stopped. The Jobs button is always in the toolbar, whether or not anything is running and
whether or not a connection is open — a backup outlives the connection it was taken from, and a
panel you can only open while something works is one nobody can open to read what the last thing
said. Jobs that end are written to a small local database, so the panel of the next session
shows what the last one did, including what failed while nobody was watching.
Nothing submits a job yet. The panel opens empty until the query editor and the backup
wizard arrive, and the README says so in as many words. What is here is built and runs: the
engine, the persistence, the window, and a headless
hermes-cli jobsthat reads the samehistory from a terminal.
Three decisions carry the rest of this.
Stopping asks; it does not pull the plug. Stop tells the work to wind down and comes
straight back — how long stopping takes is the work's business, and holding the window until a
subprocess notices is the thing being cancelled in the first place. The row reads
cancellinguntil the work has actually stopped, because a
pg_dumpthat is still writing has not stopped,and saying it has is how a half-written file gets treated as no file at all. Then what the job
started is undone, after the work has stopped rather than beside it, with two seconds and a
deadline. A subprocess is killed with its whole process group, because
pg_restore -j 4is oneprocess with four workers under it and killing only the one Hermes started leaves the workers
writing into your database after you pressed Stop.
Secrets are taken out on the way in, not on the way to the screen. A password arrives inside
the stderr of
pg_dumpand inside the message a driver builds from the connection string it washanded. All four pieces of free text a job produces — its log, its error, its title, the step it
reports — are redacted as they enter the queue, so nothing is ever held with the password still
in it and the file on disk is clean without anybody having to remember to clean it.
The local database is one file, and only one package knows it is SQLite.
internal/core/storeowns the contract — the record, the rules it obeys, the port — with nothird-party import at all.
internal/sqlitestoreowns the file, the schema and the migrations,and is the only package in the repository that imports
database/sql. The dependency gate holdsboth halves to that, with the rule written and proved to bite before the package existed.
Changes
The engine —
internal/core/jobover. Every legal move is in the table and every absent one is refused, which is what makes a
second ending impossible without a flag anywhere to check.
recoverper job: apanic becomes a failed job carrying what was panicked with, and the window stays open.
happened. Work that cannot say how much there is reports indeterminate, which draws a bar that
moves rather than one sitting at nought per cent — a bar at nought says the work has failed to
advance, which is a different and worse thing to be told.
io.Writer, so a subprocess's stdout plugs straight into it. Wholelines are assembled from whatever arrives, because a subprocess writes when its buffer fills
and not when a line ends. It is capped at 5,000 lines or a megabyte, and the beginning is
what goes, because the end of a log is where the failure is. It counts what it dropped.
registered cleanup runs after the work has stopped, and a cleanup that overruns its two
seconds leaves the job reported as failed rather than stuck at
cancellingfor ever.by then, and each one was holding up to a megabyte of log.
Process groups —
internal/procSetpgidon Linux and macOS, a Job Object withKILL_ON_JOB_CLOSEon Windows, behind onetype. The group is written down when the process starts, not looked up when it is killed: by
then the process may have been collected and its identifier given to somebody else.
told the truth and no process is left running with nothing able to stop it.
be gone. It runs on all three systems in CI, because a process group is three different
mechanisms wearing one name.
Local state —
internal/core/storeandinternal/sqlitestorethe port itself. Plus an in-memory implementation, which is the double every use case above it
is proven against.
two honest about the same things: the round trip including the error and the log, pages that
neither repeat nor skip, jobs that ended in the same instant, instants kept to the
millisecond, a log the store keeps rather than borrows, and the refusals.
the two files SQLite keeps beside it, WAL, a busy timeout, and a migration ladder from the
first version so the backup catalogue can move in later without inventing the mechanism.
the session with a history that lives in the process, and a warning the panel puts in front of
the person. Nothing is moved, renamed or deleted, so the file is still there to look at. A
file from a newer build is refused rather than read; so is one whose schema version has been
damaged.
The window —
internal/uiand the panelJobServiceanswers what the window asks: the list, one job's log, cancel, forget, the pagebefore this one, and whether the history is being kept.
JobWatcheris the half that talkswithout being asked, and is deliberately not a bound service — it would be callable from the
webview and never return.
listing is the truth: the panel reads it when it opens and whenever the window comes back, so
an update that went missing while you were elsewhere cannot leave a bar stuck at forty per
cent for a job that finished ten minutes ago.
Stop, a Forget and a Log. Show earlier jobs walks back through the history a page at a
time and stops offering itself at the beginning of what happened.
both; a log is looked for in the history when the queue no longer holds it; dismissing a row
takes it out of both places so it does not come back tomorrow.
Headless —
cmd/hermes-clihermes-cli jobsprints the same history, newest first, aligned for a person to read.-nsays how many, and walks the pages to reach it. It is where you are when a profile ran
overnight in a pipeline.
Pipeline
CGO_ENABLED=0, and the pipeline proves itstill links the SQLite driver and still reaches no package that needs cgo. A build check alone
would pass by not containing the thing it is about.
Implementation notes
Why the store is split in two, and why the driver is pure Go. The product has two binaries
and they are not alike. The desktop one needs cgo anyway — it links Wails, and the macOS
keychain talks to Security.framework. The headless one imports none of that and compiles today
with
CGO_ENABLED=0: a static binary that runs in a container with no C library, which is wherea profile in a pipeline runs. A SQLite driver bound through cgo would take that away, so the
driver is
modernc.org/sqlite, SQLite transpiled to Go. The price is a store slower than the Clibrary at a scale this file never reaches — one row per operation, one page per opening of a
panel. Keeping the contract out of the implementation is what lets the core be proven without a
file, and it is why the conformance suite could be written before the file existed.
Events with reconciliation, not polling. This is the first place the Go side pushes state to
the window. Polling every 200ms costs a round trip per job per interval and shows progress that
moves in jumps; an event arrives when there is something to say. The price of an event is that
it is fire and forget, so the listing is the truth and the panel reads it on opening and on
focus. The emission is capped at ten a second per job in Go rather than in React, because a
COPYof a million rows reports per row and every one of those crossing to the webview is thewindow not repainting.
The log is read by sequence, not by length. A full log holds the same number of lines for
ever — one leaves by the front for every one that arrives at the back — so anything that treats
that count as a place in the stream stops moving exactly when a verbose restore is at its most
talkative. The log counts what has been said since it began, which only goes up, and the window
asks for what came after a sequence.
The history is ordered by when a job ended, and paged by keyset. A job cancelled before it
ever started has no beginning, so ordering by the start would file today's cancellation at the
bottom of the list; every job that reaches the history has an end. Pages are asked for by the
row the last one ended on rather than by how many rows to skip, because the history grows while
somebody reads it and an offset then shows one row twice and misses the one after it. The cursor
carries the identifier as well as the instant, since two jobs can end in the same millisecond.
Times cross to the window in UTC, to the millisecond. That is what a store keeping a count
of milliseconds since the epoch can honestly promise, and the in-memory double is held to the
same promise — a double more generous than the file proves the core against a store nobody has.
UTC because the panel orders its rows by comparing the times as text, and a running job carrying
a local offset next to a history row carrying
Zcompares as two different instants.Reporting progress takes no lock. The comment above it says it is cheap enough to do per
row, so it is measured rather than hoped: a benchmark in the package. Progress lives behind a
pointer of its own, and the step — which names the table being copied and is therefore the same
string for a million rows — is looked through for secrets once and recognised after that.
How to test
Everything below runs without a PostgreSQL server: the job engine opens no connection and
emits no query.
The suites and the coverage floor.
The headless binary is still static, and still carries the database.
A real process tree dies together. Run it on whatever system you are on; CI runs all
three.
go test -race -count=1 ./internal/proc/...The history from a terminal. On a machine that has never run Hermes, this creates the
file and says there is nothing in it:
The file lands at
~/.config/hermes/hermes.dbon Linux,~/Library/Application Support/hermes/hermes.dbon macOS and%AppData%\hermes\hermes.dbonWindows. On Linux and macOS it is
0600, along with the-waland-shmfiles SQLite keepsbeside it, in a directory narrowed to
0700; on Windows who may read it is the accesscontrol list the directory inherits from your profile, which is what the tests there assert.
A damaged history does not stop anything. Replace the file with something that is not a
database:
Open the Jobs panel: it carries a line at the top saying the history could not be opened and
that this session will not be remembered. The file is untouched — check that it still reads
not a database. Delete it and start again, and the line is gone.The panel.
make dev, then press Jobs in the toolbar. It opens with no connectionopen and with nothing running, and says what it is for. Nothing submits a job yet, so the
list is empty by design; the button carries a count only while jobs are working.
Breaking changes
None.
Hermes creates one new file — the local database described above — on first use of the panel or
of
hermes-cli jobs. Nothing reads or writes it but Hermes, no existing file format changes,and deleting it costs you the history and nothing else.
Checklist
Summary by CodeRabbit
New Features
Documentation