Refactor core objects, improve validation, and update API

[AndrewSazonov]

This PR makes a major refactor of the core object system, improves type safety, and updates related APIs, tests, and CI.

Core refactor

• Split object.py into parameters.py, categories.py, datablocks.py, and guards.py.
• Split Collection into CategoryCollection and DatablockCollection for clearer semantics.
• Rename Component to CategoryItem for consistency.
• Switch from _locked to a public attributes set to restrict allowed attributes.
• Switch to randomly generated uid (with full_name and cif_uid preserved).

API & Parameters

• Split add into dedicated methods in SampleModel. Temporary name: add_from_args.
• Add value_type, default_value, and full_cif_names to Descriptor.
• Move CIF-specific logic for parameters into a dedicated mixin.
• Improve consistency by using name instead of id across parameters, categories, and datablocks.
• Add support for parsing CIF parameters with the uncertainties package.

Validation & Logging

• Introduce guards system for type/range validation and to block invalid attributes.
• Reimplement custom logger using rich with support for log levels and modes.

Tests, Tutorials & CI

• Update tutorials, unit tests, and functional tests to the new API.
• Improve CI with auto-triggered dashboard builds.
• Add hidden editable install of easydiffraction via uv (using pixi tasks) to avoid permanent pixi.lock change.

Solves #21