Feature/first tweet python solution -> main

[alangnt]

Hi Codédex team,

This PR creates a folder for today's First Tweet 🐦 challenge, adds a working Python solution, and updates the README to add a link for the challenge.

Here's the code :

def tweet_balance(tweet):
  # first we split the tweet and initialize the char count
  split_tweet = tweet.split(" ")
  char_count = 0

  # for each word in the split tweet
  for word in split_tweet:
    # if @ add 20
    if word.startswith("@"):
      char_count += 20
    # if url add 23
    elif word.startswith("http://") or word.startswith("https://"):
      char_count += 23
    else:
      # for each character
      for char in word:
        # if ascii value at least 0x1F000 it means it's an emoji
        if ord(char) >= 0x1F000:
          char_count += 2
        else:
          char_count += 1

    # space after each word
    char_count += 1

  # no trailing space after last word
  char_count -= 1

  return (140 - char_count)

Here's how it works :

• first it splits the tweets into words using the split(" ") function so that each word is separated with a space
• then we define a char_count variable that will hold the number of characters from our tweet
• for each word in the split tweet, if the word starts with @, it's a mention so we only add 20, if it starts with either http:// or https:// it means it's an url so we only add 23
• otherwise, for each character of the word, if it's ASCII value is at least 0x1F000 that means it's an emoji so we add 2, otherwise it's a simple character and we add 1
• once the loop on the word is over, we add 1 for the space
• once the whole loop is over, we remove 1 to avoid counting an unnecessary space after the last word's loop

Have a nice day !