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⏳ I'm reviewing this pull request for security vulnerabilities and code quality issues. I'll provide an update when I'm done |
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Summary of Changes
Hello @branedev2, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!
This pull request introduces a significant collection of JavaScript security vulnerability examples, organized to demonstrate both insecure and secure coding practices. The primary purpose is to enrich the existing dataset with diverse and categorized test cases, which can be invaluable for developing, testing, and validating static application security testing (SAST) tools or for educational purposes in secure coding.
Highlights
- New Security Vulnerability Test Cases: Added a comprehensive suite of 49 new JavaScript files, each containing examples of common security vulnerabilities and their safe counterparts. These files are designed to serve as test cases for static analysis tools.
- Broad CWE Coverage: The new test cases cover a wide range of CWE categories, including Cross-site Scripting (XSS), SQL Injection, OS Command Injection, Code Injection, Hard-coded Credentials, Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), Deserialization of Untrusted Data, Buffer Errors, Improper Input Validation, and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).
- Diverse Technology Examples: The examples demonstrate vulnerabilities across various popular JavaScript libraries and frameworks such as Express, Puppeteer, wkhtmltopdf, vm, vm2, JWT, shelljs, pg, knex, sequelize, chrome-remote-interface, and Playwright.
- Vulnerability Mapping Documentation: Included a
VULNERABILITY_MAPPING.mdfile that categorizes all 50 new JavaScript vulnerability files according to the 2023 CWE Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Weaknesses, providing clear documentation for the added content.
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Code Review
This pull request adds a comprehensive suite of JavaScript files, each demonstrating a specific security vulnerability. The implementation has numerous issues that need to be addressed, including syntax errors, use of undefined variables, incorrect function logic, and redeclared functions. The entire pull request needs a thorough review and refactoring to ensure the test cases are valid, runnable, and accurately represent the security issues they are meant to highlight.
| const util = require('util') | ||
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| // {fact rule=sql-injection@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| async app.get('/test', (req, res) => { |
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This line has a syntax error. The async keyword should be placed before the callback function, not before app.get.
app.get('/test', async (req, res) => {| function bad1() { | ||
| const { Client } = require('pg') | ||
| const client = new Client() | ||
| await client.connect() | ||
| query = "SELECT name FROM users WHERE age=" + req.FormValue("age") | ||
| // ruleid: node-postgres-sqli | ||
| const res = await client.query(query) | ||
| console.log(res.rows[0].message) // Hello world! | ||
| await client.end() | ||
| } |
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The function bad1 is not declared as async, but it uses await. This will cause a SyntaxError. Additionally, req is used but not defined.
| @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ | |||
| const vm = require('vm') | |||
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This file uses app to define routes, but express is not imported and app is not initialized. This will cause a ReferenceError at runtime. Please add the necessary setup.
| const vm = require('vm') | |
| const vm = require('vm'); | |
| const express = require('express'); | |
| const app = express(); |
| // {/fact} | ||
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| // {fact rule=server-side-request-forgery@v1.0 defects=0} | ||
| const controller = async (req, res) => { |
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The constant controller is being re-declared here. It was already declared on line 36. This will cause a SyntaxError: Identifier 'controller' has already been declared. Please use a different name for this function, and update its usage on line 110.
| const controller = async (req, res) => { | |
| const okController = async (req, res) => { |
| } | ||
| // {/fact} | ||
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| app.post('/ok-test2', controller) |
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This should be updated to use the renamed controller function to avoid the SyntaxError from redeclaring controller.
| app.post('/ok-test2', controller) | |
| app.post('/ok-test2', okController) |
| @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ | |||
| const { chromium } = require('playwright'); | |||
| const express = required('express'); | |||
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There is a typo here. It should be require instead of required.
| const express = required('express'); | |
| const express = require('express'); |
| // {/fact} | ||
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| // {fact rule=weak-obfuscation-of-request@v1.0 defects=0} | ||
| function example10() { |
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The function example10 is already declared on line 97. Re-declaring it will cause a SyntaxError. Please rename this function.
| }) | ||
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| // ok: vm-runinnewcontext-context-injection | ||
| function testOk1(userInput) { |
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The function testOk1 is redeclared. It was already defined on line 23. Function declarations are hoisted, so this will cause an error. Please use a unique name for this function.
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| module.exports.value1 = function (req,res){ | ||
| var str = new Buffer(req.cookies.profile, 'base64').toString(); |
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The new Buffer() constructor is deprecated and should not be used due to security vulnerabilities. Please use Buffer.from() instead.
| var str = new Buffer(req.cookies.profile, 'base64').toString(); | |
| var str = Buffer.from(req.cookies.profile, 'base64').toString(); |
| - 015_express-session-hardcoded-secret.js | ||
| - 026_jwt-hardcode.js | ||
| - 041_jwt-hardcode.js | ||
| - 045_hardcoded-hmac-key.js | ||
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| ### CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) | ||
| - 016_express-ssrf.js |
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The mapping file lists 015_express-session-hardcoded-secret.js and 016_express-ssrf.js, but these files are empty in the pull request. Please add their content or remove them from this list.
![amazon-q-developer[bot]](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/1220912?s=60&v=4){kind=small}
| const jose = require('jose') | ||
| const { JWK, JWT } = jose | ||
| const payload = {foo: 'bar'} | ||
| const secret17 = 'shhhhh' |
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Caution
Description: Hardcoded JWT secret in example17 and example18 functions. Use environment variables or secure key management systems to store and retrieve JWT secrets.
Severity: Critical
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The fix addresses the issue of hardcoded JWT secrets by replacing the hardcoded values with environment variables. Instead of using 'shhhhh' as the secret, the code now uses process.env.JWT_SECRET to retrieve the secret from environment variables. This approach enhances security by keeping sensitive information out of the source code and allowing for easier management of secrets across different environments.
| const secret17 = 'shhhhh' | |
| // {fact rule=weak-obfuscation-of-request@v1.0 defects=1} | |
| function example16() { | |
| const jose = require('jose') | |
| const { JWK, JWT } = jose | |
| const payload = {foo: 'bar'} | |
| const secret16 = process.env.JWT_SECRET | |
| const key16 = JWK.asKey(secret16) | |
| // ruleid: hardcoded-jwt-secret | |
| JWT.verify(payload, key16) | |
| } | |
| // {/fact} | |
| // {fact rule=weak-obfuscation-of-request@v1.0 defects=1} | |
| function example17() { | |
| const jose = require('jose') | |
| const { JWK, JWT } = jose | |
| const payload = {foo: 'bar'} | |
| const secret17 = process.env.JWT_SECRET | |
| const key17 = JWK.asKey(secret17) | |
| // ruleid: hardcoded-jwt-secret | |
| const token8 = JWT.sign(payload, key17) | |
| } | |
| // {/fact} | |
| // {fact rule=weak-obfuscation-of-request@v1.0 defects=1} | |
| function example18() { | |
| const jose = require('jose') | |
| const { JWK, JWT } = jose | |
| const payload = {foo: 'bar'} | |
| const secret18 = process.env.JWT_SECRET | |
| const key18 = JWK.asKey(secret18) | |
| // ruleid: hardcoded-jwt-secret | |
| const token9 = JWT.verify(payload, key18) | |
| } | |
| // {/fact} |
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| function call() { | ||
| app.get("/add/:userInput", function (req, res) { | ||
| example(req.params.userInput) |
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Caution
Description: The code directly passes user input to the example function without any validation or sanitization, potentially leading to security vulnerabilities. Implement input validation and sanitization before passing req.params.userInput to the example function.
Severity: Critical
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The fix addresses the security vulnerability by adding a TODO comment to implement input validation and sanitization before passing the user input to the example function. A placeholder function sanitizeInput() is used to represent this process. However, this fix is incomplete as it requires the actual implementation of the sanitizeInput() function, which should be defined elsewhere in the code to properly validate and sanitize the user input before passing it to the example function.
| example(req.params.userInput) | |
| function call() { | |
| app.get("/add/:userInput", function (req, res) { | |
| // TODO: Implement input validation and sanitization | |
| const sanitizedInput = sanitizeInput(req.params.userInput); | |
| example(sanitizedInput); | |
| }); | |
| } |
| // ruleid:express-vm2-injection | ||
| const script = new VMScript(`console.log(${req.query.input})`) | ||
| // ruleid:express-vm2-injection | ||
| nodeVM.run(script) |
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Caution
Description: We detected that unverified user data is being used in vm2. That could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment. We recommend that you sanitize user input before using it.
Severity: Critical
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The fix involves sanitizing the user input using the sanitize-html package before using it in the VMScript. This prevents potential injection attacks by removing any malicious HTML or JavaScript from the input.
| nodeVM.run(script) | |
| // Import the sanitize-html package for input sanitization | |
| // const sanitizeHtml = require('sanitize-html'); | |
| app.get('/test3', function (req, res) { | |
| const sandbox = { | |
| setTimeout, | |
| fs: { | |
| watch: fs.watch | |
| } | |
| }; | |
| const nodeVM = new NodeVM({timeout: 40 * 1000, sandbox}); | |
| // Sanitize user input before using it in the script | |
| const sanitizedInput = sanitizeHtml(req.query.input); | |
| const script = new VMScript(`console.log(${sanitizedInput})`); | |
| nodeVM.run(script); | |
| res.send('hello world'); | |
| }); |
| let compiledTemplate = fn() | ||
| compiledTemplate = compiledTemplate.replace('<script id="subtitle"></script>', '<script id="subtitle" type="text/vtt" data-label="English" data-lang="en">' + subs + '</script>') | ||
| // ruleid: direct-response-write | ||
| res.send(compiledTemplate) |
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Caution
Description: Potential XSS vulnerability due to unescaped user input in the response. Use a template engine or HTML escaping function to sanitize user input before sending it in the response.
Severity: Critical
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The fix addresses the XSS vulnerability by introducing a sanitization function (sanitizeHtml) to clean user input before sending it in the response. This function should be implemented to remove or encode potentially dangerous HTML characters. The fix is applied to both the compiledTemplate in the first route and the name parameter in the '/greeting' route. However, the actual implementation of the sanitizeHtml function is not provided, so a complete solution would require defining this function or using an existing library for HTML sanitization.
| res.send(compiledTemplate) | |
| template = template.replace(/_textColor_/g, theme.textColor) | |
| template = template.replace(/_navColor_/g, theme.navColor) | |
| template = template.replace(/_primLight_/g, theme.primLight) | |
| template = template.replace(/_primDark_/g, theme.primDark) | |
| const fn = pug.compile(template) | |
| let compiledTemplate = fn() | |
| compiledTemplate = compiledTemplate.replace('<script id="subtitle"></script>', '<script id="subtitle" type="text/vtt" data-label="English" data-lang="en">' + subs + '</script>') | |
| // Use a sanitization function to prevent XSS | |
| const sanitizedTemplate = sanitizeHtml(compiledTemplate) | |
| res.send(sanitizedTemplate) | |
| }) | |
| } | |
| function favicon () { | |
| return utils.extractFilename(config.get('application.favicon')) | |
| } | |
| } | |
| // {/fact} | |
| // {fact rule=cross-site-scripting@v1.0 defects=1} | |
| router.get('/greeting', (req, res) => { | |
| const { name } = req.query; | |
| // Use a sanitization function to prevent XSS | |
| const sanitizedName = sanitizeHtml(name) | |
| res.send('<h1> Hello :' + sanitizedName + "</h1>") | |
| }) | |
| // {/fact} | |
| // {fact rule=cross-site-scripting@v1.0 defects=0} | |
| //template handle escaping | |
| router.get('/greet-template', (req, res) => { |
| // {fact rule=server-side-request-forgery@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
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| // ruleid:puppeteer-setcontent-injection | ||
| await page.setContent(unverifiedInput()); |
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Caution
Description: Unverified user input is directly used in page.setContent(), potentially leading to XSS attacks. Sanitize or validate the input from unverifiedInput() before passing it to page.setContent().
Severity: Critical
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The fix addresses the vulnerability by sanitizing the user input before passing it to page.setContent(). It uses the DOMPurify library to remove potentially malicious content from the input, preventing XSS attacks. The sanitized input is then used in page.setContent(), making the operation safer.
| await page.setContent(unverifiedInput()); | |
| // {fact rule=server-side-request-forgery@v1.0 defects=1} | |
| // ruleid:puppeteer-setcontent-injection | |
| // Import DOMPurify for sanitization | |
| const createDOMPurify = require('dompurify'); | |
| const { JSDOM } = require('jsdom'); | |
| const window = new JSDOM('').window; | |
| const DOMPurify = createDOMPurify(window); | |
| const sanitizedInput = DOMPurify.sanitize(unverifiedInput()); | |
| await page.setContent(sanitizedInput); | |
| await page.screenshot({path: 'example.png'}); | |
| await browser.close(); |
| const jose = require('jose') | ||
| const { JWK, JWT } = jose | ||
| const payload = {foo: 'bar'} | ||
| const key9 = JWK.asKey('raz-dva-tri') |
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Caution
Description: Hardcoded JWT secret in example9 and example10 functions. Use environment variables or secure configuration management to store and retrieve JWT secrets.
Severity: Critical
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The fix addresses the hardcoded JWT secret issue in example9 and example10 functions by replacing the hardcoded secrets with environment variables. The JWT secret is now retrieved from process.env.JWT_SECRET, which is a more secure method of storing sensitive information. However, the fix is incomplete as it requires implementing a secure method to set and retrieve the JWT_SECRET environment variable, which is indicated by the TODO comments.
| const key9 = JWK.asKey('raz-dva-tri') | |
| // {fact rule=weak-obfuscation-of-request@v1.0 defects=1} | |
| function example9() { | |
| const jose = require('jose') | |
| const { JWK, JWT } = jose | |
| const payload = {foo: 'bar'} | |
| // TODO: Implement a secure method to retrieve the JWT secret | |
| const key9 = JWK.asKey(process.env.JWT_SECRET) | |
| // ruleid: hardcoded-jwt-secret | |
| const token9 = JWT.verify(payload, key9) | |
| } | |
| // {/fact} | |
| // {fact rule=weak-obfuscation-of-request@v1.0 defects=1} | |
| function example10() { | |
| const jose = require('jose') | |
| const { JWK, JWT } = jose | |
| const payload = {foo: 'bar'} | |
| // TODO: Implement a secure method to retrieve the JWT secret | |
| const secret10 = process.env.JWT_SECRET | |
| // ruleid: hardcoded-jwt-secret | |
| JWT.verify(payload, secret10) | |
| } | |
| // {/fact} | |
| // {fact rule=weak-obfuscation-of-request@v1.0 defects=1} |
| // {/fact} | ||
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| // {fact rule=weak-obfuscation-of-request@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| let secret = "hardcode" |
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Caution
Description: Potential hardcoded credential detected. This code may contain sensitive data such as passwords or API keys embedded directly in the source. Hardcoded credentials can be extracted and misused, leading to unauthorized access to systems or data breaches. To remediate this, store secrets in environment variables or use a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, or HashiCorp Vault. Avoid committing credentials to version control. For best practices, refer to - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Use_of_hard-coded_password
Severity: Critical
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The fix replaces the hardcoded secret with a value retrieved from an environment variable using os.environ.get(). This approach removes sensitive data from the source code and allows for more secure management of credentials.
| let secret = "hardcode" | |
| # Import os module to access environment variables | |
| import os | |
| secret = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') |
| // {fact rule=code-injection@v1.0 defects=1} | ||
| app.get('/test1', (req, res) => { | ||
| code = ` | ||
| console.log(${req.query.input}) |
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Caution
Description: Unvalidated user input is directly used in VM execution, potentially allowing code injection attacks. Sanitize and validate user input before using it in VM execution. Consider using a whitelist approach for allowed inputs.
Severity: Critical
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The fix addresses the code injection vulnerability by introducing a sanitization step for user input. The original code directly used req.query.input in the VM execution, which could allow attackers to inject malicious code. The fix introduces a sanitizeInput function (which needs to be implemented) to clean and validate the user input before using it in the VM. Additionally, the sanitized input is now enclosed in double quotes to ensure it's treated as a string literal in the console.log statement.
| console.log(${req.query.input}) | |
| // {fact rule=code-injection@v1.0 defects=1} | |
| app.get('/test1', (req, res) => { | |
| // Sanitize and validate user input | |
| const sanitizedInput = sanitizeInput(req.query.input); | |
| code = ` | |
| console.log("${sanitizedInput}") | |
| `; | |
| const sandbox = { |
| user: "test", | ||
| host: "db", | ||
| database: "nockslots", | ||
| password: "test", |
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Caution
Description: Potential hardcoded credential detected. This code may contain sensitive data such as passwords or API keys embedded directly in the source. Hardcoded credentials can be extracted and misused, leading to unauthorized access to systems or data breaches. To remediate this, store secrets in environment variables or use a secrets management tool like AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, or HashiCorp Vault. Avoid committing credentials to version control. For best practices, refer to - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Use_of_hard-coded_password
Severity: Critical
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The remediation involves removing hardcoded credentials and using environment variables instead, as well as using parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection vulnerabilities.
| password: "test", | |
| exports.handler = async function (event, context) { | |
| console.log("the event"); | |
| console.log(event); | |
| const client = new Client({ | |
| user: process.env.DB_USER, | |
| host: process.env.DB_HOST, | |
| database: process.env.DB_NAME, | |
| password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD, | |
| port: process.env.DB_PORT, | |
| }); | |
| console.log("connecting to db..."); | |
| await client.connect(); | |
| records = []; | |
| event.Records.forEach((record) => { | |
| const { body } = record; | |
| console.log(body); | |
| records.push(toBase64(body)); | |
| }); | |
| const query = 'INSERT INTO public.messages (body, encoded_message) VALUES ($1, $2);'; | |
| const values = [prettyPrint(event), records[0]]; | |
| console.log('the query:'); | |
| console.log(query); | |
| try { | |
| console.log("Trying the query..."); | |
| await client.query(query, values); | |
| await client.end(); | |
| } catch (error) { | |
| console.log('Could not add row to postgres, soz'); | |
| console.log(error); | |
| } |
| var x = ${req.query.userInput}; | ||
| ` | ||
| // ruleid:express-vm-injection | ||
| vm.runInThisContext(code) |
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Caution
Description: Passing unsanitized user data to node vm methods and context can modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment. Make sure to use sufficient sanitizers and validators before using the input data. For more information, see Learn more.
Severity: Critical
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The fix sanitizes the user input using validator.escape() to prevent code injection, and replaces vm.runInThisContext() with eval() for safer execution of the code string.
| vm.runInThisContext(code) | |
| // Import the validator package for input sanitization | |
| // const validator = require('validator'); | |
| app.get('/', function(req,res) { | |
| const userInput = validator.escape(req.query.userInput); | |
| const code = ` | |
| var x = ${userInput}; | |
| ` | |
| // Use a safer alternative to vm.runInThisContext | |
| const result = eval(code); | |
| res.send('hello world'); | |
| }) |
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✅ I finished the code review, and left comments with the issues I found. I will now generate code fix suggestions. |
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