feat(desktop): add workflow-driven shell actions

[Whiteks1]

Summary

This PR:

• adds workflow-driven actions to the QuantLab desktop shell instead of leaving it as a mostly navigational prototype
• wires Electron IPC for authenticated local POST requests so the shell can launch QuantLab run and sweep jobs through the existing dashboard backend
• introduces a shell-native workflow panel with launch controls, recent jobs, a run worklist, compare selection, and artifact inspection tabs

Why

This slice matters because:

• QuantLab Desktop should feel like the main research workspace, not just a wrapper around browser surfaces
• the shell now supports the core loop of launch -> inspect -> compare -> review artifacts using only capabilities the backend already supports

Scope

This PR does not:

• replace research_ui as the canonical browser surface; it still reuses it where appropriate
• add freeform AI execution; chat remains deterministic and specialized to QuantLab workflow commands

Validation

Validated with:

• node --check desktop/main.js
• node --check desktop/preload.js
• node --check desktop/renderer/app.js
• python -m pytest test/test_research_ui_server.py

Notes

• The shell now owns native compare and artifacts tabs while still opening existing browser-backed surfaces for launch, runs, and ops when that is the best fit.
• No issue is closed by this slice.

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