[Feature] Create a `.clang-format` configuration file for the code Auto-formatter

[RomanAlexandroff]

Description

Arduino IDE 2.3.10's Auto Format feature (Ctrl/Cmd+T) uses ClangFormat under the hood. Currently the project relies on the IDE's default formatting style, which does not match the formatting rules required by The Norm Version 3 (42 School coding standard).

We need a project-local .clang-format file so that Auto Format produces Norm-compliant output for everyone working on this project, without each contributor having to change their own global IDE settings.

Goal

Create a .clang-format file, placed at the root of the sketch/project, that:

• Applies to .ino files
• Applies to .cpp files
• Applies to .h files
• Mirrors the formatting rules described in The Norm Version 3 as closely as ClangFormat's option set allows (indentation, brace placement, spacing, line length, etc.)
• Is committed to the repository root so the Arduino IDE picks it up automatically (a sketch-root .clang-format takes precedence over any global configuration)

Notes / Constraints

• A custom .clang-format file completely overrides Arduino's default configuration rather than merging with it. Any option not explicitly set will fall back to ClangFormat's own default, not Arduino's default — so double check every relevant option is set explicitly rather than assuming it inherits sane Arduino defaults.
• Since The Norm has some rules ClangFormat cannot express 1:1 (e.g. certain 42-specific naming or structural rules), those gaps should be listed explicitly in the PR description so reviewers know what still needs manual checking.
• You absolutely may use AI for completing this task, but test that the result works as intended before submitting a Pull Request.

Reference: Arduino's own default .clang-format

Use this as the starting point rather than an empty file, then adjust options to match The Norm v3:

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/tooling-project-assets/main/other/clang-format-configuration/.clang-format

Reference: Arduino default config file location on disk

For comparison / testing against what the IDE uses out of the box (embedded/global default), the relevant Arduino config and data folders are:

OS	Config folder (.arduinoIDE)	Data folder (Arduino15)
macOS	~/.arduinoIDE	~/Library/Arduino15
Windows	C:\Users\<username>\.arduinoIDE	C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Arduino15
Ubuntu / Linux	~/.arduinoIDE	~/.arduino15

A global .clang-format placed in either the config or data folder above is used whenever no sketch-local .clang-format is present. For this project we want the file at the sketch root, since that takes precedence over any global configuration.

Reference: Arduino tutorial

Official step-by-step guide — "Customizing the Auto Formatter Feature":

https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v2/tutorials/ide-v2-customize-auto-formatter

Acceptance Criteria

• .clang-format file exists at the project/sketch root
• Running Auto Format (Ctrl/Cmd+T) on a .ino, .cpp, and .h file each produces output matching The Norm v3
• File is documented (short comment header or README note) explaining it's derived from Arduino's default and tailored to The Norm v3