feat: Refactor exception handling to use a new templated base excepti…

[97gamjak]

…on class

• Introduced a new base exception class BaseException that utilizes template parameters for color and type, improving the handling of custom exceptions.
• Updated existing tests to replace references to customException with the new exc namespace.
• Modified exception throwing in various test files to align with the new exception handling structure.
• Added new exception types to exceptionTypes.hpp for better categorization of errors.
• Implemented colorful output for exception messages to enhance visibility in logs.

[pq-perf-bot]

⚡ Performance (instruction count) — ✅ no regressions

per-benchmark breakdown

benchmark	base Ir	PR Ir	Δ
bondedForces	38.24M	38.24M	-0.00%	✅
boxTransforms	10.67M	10.67M	+0.00%	✅
constraints	11.06M	11.06M	+0.00%	✅
coulombKernel	5.80M	5.80M	+0.00%	✅
forceKernel	14.16M	14.16M	+0.00%	✅
integrator	32.91M	32.91M	+0.00%	✅
interWater	1679.92M	1679.92M	+0.00%	✅
kinetics	8.55M	8.55M	+0.00%	✅
linearAlgebra	2.08M	2.08M	+0.00%	✅
nonCoulombPairs	5.48M	5.48M	+0.00%	✅
shiftVector	5.81M	5.81M	+0.00%	✅
virial	9.10M	9.10M	-0.00%	✅

_{Deterministic callgrind instruction counts vs the base branch; gated at ±2%. Not wall-clock.}

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 76.59574% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 91.43%. Comparing base (89de594) to head (61405c2).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/timings/timer.cpp	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/constraints/mShake.cpp	33.33%	2 Missing ⚠️
src/exceptions/baseException.cpp	85.71%	2 Missing ⚠️
include/exceptions/exceptionTypes.hpp	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
include/linearAlgebra/matrix/matrixClass.tpp.hpp	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/input/inputFileReader.cpp	66.66%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/utilities/stringUtilities.cpp	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #533      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.33%   91.43%   +0.10%     
==========================================
  Files         321      323       +2     
  Lines       14747    14660      -87     
  Branches     4943     4926      -17     
==========================================
- Hits        13469    13405      -64     
+ Misses       1193     1170      -23     
  Partials       85       85              

☔ View full report in Codecov by Harness.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.