Smart Farm Management System

A full-stack Java & IoT college project for the OOP II module.

Physical sensors measure field conditions → a Java server processes the data → the system manages crops, workers, tasks, and harvests in MySQL → the manager monitors everything through a live JavaFX dashboard.

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Tech Stack

Component	Technology	Purpose
Language	Java 17+	Main application language
GUI	JavaFX 21	Dashboard and all UI screens
Database	MySQL 8	Persistent storage
DB Driver	JDBC (mysql-connector-j)	Java ↔ MySQL communication
Server	Java ServerSocket	Receives ESP32 TCP connections
Concurrency	ExecutorService	Thread pool for device handlers
Microcontroller	ESP32	Field device with WiFi
Sensors	DHT11 + FC-28	Temp/humidity + soil moisture
Display	SH1106 OLED 1.3"	On-device live readings screen
Firmware	Arduino C++	ESP32 programming
Build Tool	Maven	Dependency management

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Project Structure

Agrilliant/
├── pom.xml                          # Maven build file (dependencies & plugins)
├── sql/
│   └── schema.sql                   # MySQL schema — run this FIRST to create the DB
├── firmware/
│   └── esp32_dht11.ino              # ESP32 + DHT11 Arduino firmware
│
└── src/main/
    ├── java/smartfarm/
    │   ├── model/                   # Plain Java classes (data only — no logic)
    │   │   ├── Plot.java            #   A physical piece of farm land
    │   │   ├── Crop.java            #   A crop planted on a plot (lifecycle: PLANTED→GROWING→READY→HARVESTED)
    │   │   ├── Worker.java          #   A farm employee
    │   │   ├── Task.java            #   A job assigned to a worker on a plot (PENDING→IN_PROGRESS→DONE)
    │   │   ├── Alert.java           #   A threshold-breach alert (INFO / WARNING / CRITICAL)
    │   │   ├── SensorReading.java   #   One temperature+humidity reading from an ESP32
    │   │   └── HarvestRecord.java   #   A harvest event with quantity and grade (A/B/C)
    │   │
    │   ├── dao/                     # Data Access Objects — JDBC queries only, no business logic
    │   │   ├── PlotDAO.java         #   CRUD for plots
    │   │   ├── CropDAO.java         #   CRUD for crops + overdue query
    │   │   ├── WorkerDAO.java       #   CRUD for workers
    │   │   ├── TaskDAO.java         #   CRUD for tasks + active-count query
    │   │   ├── AlertDAO.java        #   Save alerts, get unresolved, mark resolved
    │   │   ├── SensorDAO.java       #   Save readings, get last 50 by device
    │   │   └── HarvestDAO.java      #   Save harvest records, get by plot/crop
    │   │
    │   ├── service/                 # Business logic — the "brain" of the system
    │   │   ├── SensorService.java   #   Coordinates: save reading → check alerts → notify UI
    │   │   ├── AlertService.java    #   Threshold detection → fire alerts → auto-create tasks
    │   │   ├── CropService.java     #   Plant crops, advance stages, detect overdue harvests
    │   │   ├── TaskService.java     #   Manual + auto task creation, least-busy worker assignment
    │   │   ├── HarvestService.java  #   Record harvests, yield analytics, efficiency calculation
    │   │   └── WorkerService.java   #   Worker management and availability checks
    │   │
    │   ├── server/                  # TCP networking — ESP32 ↔ Java connection
    │   │   ├── FarmServer.java      #   ServerSocket on port 8080, accepts ESP32 connections
    │   │   └── SensorHandler.java   #   Runnable — one thread per connected device
    │   │
    │   ├── ui/                      # JavaFX controllers (paired with FXML views)
    │   │   ├── DashboardController.java  # Main screen: live charts, alerts, farm overview
    │   │   ├── CropController.java       # Crop & plot CRUD screen
    │   │   ├── WorkerController.java     # Worker management screen
    │   │   ├── AlertController.java      # Alert table with resolve action
    │   │   └── HarvestController.java    # Harvest logging and yield analytics
    │   │
    │   ├── util/                    # Shared utilities
    │   │   ├── DBConnection.java    #   Singleton MySQL connection (READY — update credentials)
    │   │   ├── CSVExporter.java     #   Export sensor/harvest data to CSV files
    │   │   └── ThresholdConfig.java #   Configurable alert thresholds
    │   │
    │   └── Main.java               # Entry point — launches JavaFX + starts FarmServer
    │
    └── resources/fxml/              # JavaFX layout files (no logic — view only)
        ├── dashboard.fxml           #   Main dashboard layout
        ├── crops.fxml               #   Crop management layout
        ├── workers.fxml             #   Worker management layout
        ├── alerts.fxml              #   Alert panel layout
        └── harvest.fxml             #   Harvest logging layout

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Architecture

The project follows a strict layered architecture — each layer only talks to the layer directly below it:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Presentation Layer (JavaFX + FXML)     │  ← What the farmer sees
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Service Layer (business logic)         │  ← Where decisions are made
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Data Access Layer (DAO + JDBC)         │  ← Where SQL lives
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Infrastructure (Sockets, DB conn)      │  ← Plumbing
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘

Rule: The Presentation layer never writes SQL. The DAO layer never decides whether to fire an alert. Each layer has one job.

Inside the JavaFX layer, MVC is used:

• Model — model/ package (data classes)
• View — .fxml files (layout, no logic)
• Controller — ui/ package (connects views to services)

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Getting Started

1. Database Setup

mysql -u root -p < sql/schema.sql

Then update the credentials in src/main/java/smartfarm/util/DBConnection.java:

private static final String URL      = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/smart_farm";
private static final String USER     = "root";
private static final String PASSWORD = "";   // ← your MySQL password

2. Build & Run

mvn clean javafx:run

3. ESP32 (later)

1. Wire DHT11 to ESP32: VCC→3.3V, Data→GPIO4, GND→GND
2. Update WiFi credentials and server IP in firmware/esp32_dht11.ino
3. Upload via Arduino IDE

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Build Roadmap

Stage	Focus	What to Build
1	Foundation	DB setup, DBConnection, all model classes, all DAO classes
2	Farm Management Core	CropService, TaskService, Crop/Worker/Task UI screens
3	Networking & IoT Pipeline	FarmServer, SensorHandler, test with simulated client
4	ESP32 Integration	Wire DHT11, upload firmware, verify data in DB
5	Alert System & Auto-Tasks	AlertService, threshold detection, auto-task creation
6	Full Dashboard	Live sensor chart, alert panel, farm overview cards, nav
7	Harvest, Export & Polish	Harvest screen, CSV export, error handling, documentation

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OOP II Concepts Covered

Concept	Where It Appears
OOP Design	7 model classes with enums, lifecycle methods
Interfaces	Runnable (SensorHandler), DAO pattern
Multithreading	One thread per ESP32 device via ExecutorService
Networking	TCP socket between ESP32 and Java ServerSocket
Database (JDBC)	7 tables, full CRUD via DAO classes
JavaFX GUI	Live dashboard with charts, tables, forms
File I/O	CSV export for sensor and harvest data
Collections	List, Map for managing data throughout
Exception Handling	Network drops, DB errors, invalid sensor data