test(cdc): rebuild PostgreSQL SPI config truth on live develop

[seonghobae]

Rebuilds issue #238 from exact protected develop@ae4efe6b2c65fb6353bb81ace618bb03c42d3081 without rewriting stale Draft #239.

This replacement is intentionally test-only RED at exact source cacc65326fba9b260ff945a056f8e6318f215fdc. The focused test reaches PostgresDebeziumCdcSource.start(config) with a non-empty credential-like per-call map and requires a stable non-sensitive rejection before CdcService interaction. Protected source still accepts that map and silently ignores it, so a valid hosted RED must be exactly the missing IllegalArgumentException after normal CDC compilation/test startup.

After valid RED, apply the smallest production correction: preserve null rejection and empty-map delegation, reject every non-empty per-call map before service lookup, and document the deployment-owned configuration authority in beginner-readable public Javadocs. Then address the still-valid CodeRabbit coverage finding inherited from #239 by proving start(null) rejects without service interaction and start(Map.of()) delegates to service.start(); old reviews/checks do not transfer.

Keep Draft. This slice changes no credential, Debezium environment authority, connector registry, POM/coverage control, or canonical documentation branch. Merge remains separately gated by exact-source deterministic/security evidence, complete same-revision dependency/vulnerability materialization, non-vacuous applicable owned-production statement/branch coverage, zero valid unresolved findings, and qualifying independent non-author formal approval.

[coderabbitai]

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