reliability: bound ignored Rust subprocess deadlines

[seonghobae]

Why

Ignored Rust statistical-study shards and Cargo metadata lookups can hang without process-group cleanup. This lands bounded, operation-specific deadlines with fail-closed timeout evidence.

What

• scripts/_subprocess_deadlines.py and ignored Rust shard runner integration
• POSIX process-group reaping (SIGTERM→SIGKILL)
• Tests for edges, group leak, and ignored-shard timeouts
• APA doctoring + changelog fragment

Rebased onto current main with re-rendered CHANGELOG (reopens closed #578 work).

[coderabbitai]

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Review details

⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Path: .coderabbit.yaml

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Run ID: cc497605-c0e7-4e2a-9d29-460aae73eaf8

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d8412c1 and d7f82f5.

📒 Files selected for processing (11)

• CHANGELOG.md
• docs/changelog.d/555-operation-specific-subprocess-deadlines.md
• docs/doctoring/operation-specific-subprocess-deadlines.md
• docs/superpowers/plans/2026-08-09-ignored-rust-subprocess-deadlines.md
• scripts/_subprocess_deadlines.py
• scripts/run_ignored_rust_shard.py
• tests/test_ignored_rust_subprocess_deadlines.py
• tests/test_subprocess_deadline_bounded_reap.py
• tests/test_subprocess_deadline_edges.py
• tests/test_subprocess_deadline_process_group_leak.py
• tests/test_subprocess_deadlines.py

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