PD110-1

1. Overview

Program Structure:

• Game.cpp: This file contains the game engine, structured around the initialize -> update -> render pattern, which serves as the framework for the entire game.

• Entity.cpp: A parent class for all game objects. Its child classes include player.cpp, ball.cpp, and Enemies.cpp, which represent the main player, the volleyball, and obstacles, respectively. Through inheritance, various entities share common functionalities such as initTexture and initSprite, allowing developers to quickly integrate assets. Additionally, Entity.cpp uses a stack-based State* data structure to connect different game states to the main game window.

• State.cpp: The parent class for managing game states. Its child classes include mainMenuState, gameState, OptionState, PauseState, and StopState, controlling the main menu, gameplay screen, settings menu, pause screen, and stop screen. Using inheritance, each state has access to shared methods like update and render, reducing redundant compilation.

Additional Components:

• Button.cpp: Provides customizable button elements with options for size, text, and a flash effect for enhanced visual feedback.
• ScoreBoard.cpp: Manages the score display within gameState.cpp. Once a score threshold is reached, it signals to terminate the game.

2. System Design and Algorithms

Game Features

• Gravity Simulation: To mimic real-life physics, the Ball class includes a private variable, gravity, which modifies the ball's speed through the velocityChange() function, creating the effect of gravity as the ball updates.
• Smash Attack: A checkSmash() function in GameState allows the player to perform a smash attack when jumping above a certain height, hitting the ball precisely, and pressing specific keys. Otherwise, the ball’s speed simply increases upon impact.
• Obstacles: Beyond standard volleyball mechanics, the Enemy class adds obstacles. Selecting this mode from the menu introduces barriers in the game. The playerEnemiesCollision() function forces the player to navigate around obstacles, enhancing the game's challenge.