diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins.spec.ts
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000000..46de33d41b85e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
+import type { Plugin } from '../plugin'
+import {
+  getCachedFilterForPlugin,
+  getHookHandler,
+  getSortedPluginsByHook,
+} from '../plugins/index'
+
+describe('getSortedPluginsByHook', () => {
+  test('orders pre, normal, and post hooks while preserving their relative order', () => {
+    const plugins = [
+      {
+        name: 'normal-1',
+        transform() {
+          /* noop */
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'post-1',
+        transform: {
+          order: 'post',
+          handler() {
+            /* noop */
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'pre-1',
+        transform: {
+          order: 'pre',
+          handler() {
+            /* noop */
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'normal-2',
+        transform() {
+          /* noop */
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'pre-2',
+        transform: {
+          order: 'pre',
+          handler() {
+            /* noop */
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    ] as Plugin[]
+
+    expect(
+      getSortedPluginsByHook('transform', plugins).map((p) => p.name),
+    ).toEqual(['pre-1', 'pre-2', 'normal-1', 'normal-2', 'post-1'])
+  })
+
+  test('ignores plugins without the specified hook', () => {
+    const plugins = [
+      {
+        name: 'has-hook-normal',
+        transform() {
+          /* noop */
+        },
+      },
+      { name: 'no-hook' },
+      {
+        name: 'has-hook-pre',
+        transform: {
+          order: 'pre',
+          handler() {
+            /* noop */
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    ] as Plugin[]
+
+    expect(
+      getSortedPluginsByHook('transform', plugins).map((p) => p.name),
+    ).toEqual(['has-hook-pre', 'has-hook-normal'])
+  })
+})
+
+describe('getHookHandler', () => {
+  test('returns the hook directly if it is a function', () => {
+    const hookFn = () => {
+      /* noop */
+    }
+    expect(getHookHandler(hookFn as any)).toBe(hookFn)
+  })
+
+  test('returns the handler property if the hook is an object', () => {
+    const handlerFn = () => {
+      /* noop */
+    }
+    const hookObj = { order: 'pre', handler: handlerFn }
+    expect(getHookHandler(hookObj as any)).toBe(handlerFn)
+  })
+})
+
+describe('getCachedFilterForPlugin', () => {
+  test('returns undefined when plugin has no filter', () => {
+    const plugin = { name: 'no-filter' } as Plugin
+    expect(getCachedFilterForPlugin(plugin, 'transform')).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test('creates and caches filter for a specific hook (transform filter)', () => {
+    const plugin: Plugin = {
+      name: 'transform-filter',
+      transform: {
+        filter: {
+          id: { include: 'test' },
+        },
+        handler: () => {
+          /* noop */
+        },
+      } as any,
+    }
+
+    const filter = getCachedFilterForPlugin(plugin, 'transform')
+    expect(filter).toBeDefined()
+    expect(typeof filter).toBe('function')
+
+    // second call should return the exact same cached filter
+    const filter2 = getCachedFilterForPlugin(plugin, 'transform')
+    expect(filter2).toBe(filter)
+  })
+
+  test('creates and caches filter for id filter', () => {
+    const plugin: Plugin = {
+      name: 'id-filter',
+      resolveId: {
+        filter: {
+          id: { include: 'test' },
+        },
+        handler: () => {
+          /* noop */
+        },
+      } as any,
+    }
+
+    const filter = getCachedFilterForPlugin(plugin, 'resolveId')
+    expect(filter).toBeDefined()
+
+    const filter2 = getCachedFilterForPlugin(plugin, 'resolveId')
+    expect(filter2).toBe(filter)
+  })
+
+  test('differentiates cache by hook name', () => {
+    const plugin: Plugin = {
+      name: 'multi-filter',
+      transform: {
+        filter: { id: { include: 'test' } },
+        handler: () => {
+          /* noop */
+        },
+      } as any,
+      resolveId: {
+        filter: { id: { include: 'test' } },
+        handler: () => {
+          /* noop */
+        },
+      } as any,
+    }
+
+    const transformFilter = getCachedFilterForPlugin(plugin, 'transform')
+    const resolveIdFilter = getCachedFilterForPlugin(plugin, 'resolveId')
+
+    expect(transformFilter).toBeDefined()
+    expect(resolveIdFilter).toBeDefined()
+    expect(transformFilter).not.toBe(resolveIdFilter as any)
+  })
+})