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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Performance benchmark test - VextJS</title>
<link href="/static/css/styles.63e783842e.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script defer src="/static/js/styles.9f6eb39360.js"></script>
<script defer src="/static/js/lib-react.b473cabded.js"></script>
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<meta name="generator" content="Rspress v2.0.7">
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="eYbt9ZyPTFQHdpEJ8Iujlb9ndhmAcMlstxZd6106840">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:title" content="Performance benchmark test - VextJS">
<meta property="og:description" content="This page shows performance benchmark data comparing VextJS with other popular Node.js web frameworks. The reproducible benchmark of the current version is subject to test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs in the warehouse; the historical benchmark warehouse data on the page is only for trend reference.">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://vextjs.github.io/">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://vextjs.github.io/og-card.svg">
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<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml">
<meta name="description" content="This page shows performance benchmark data comparing VextJS with other popular Node.js web frameworks. The reproducible benchmark of the current version is subject to test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs in the warehouse; the historical benchmark warehouse data on the page is only for trend reference."></head>
<body>
<div id="__rspress_root"><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/logo.svg"/><div class="vext-motion-field" aria-hidden="true"></div><div class="vext-pointer-field" aria-hidden="true"></div><nav class="vext-ecosystem-menu" aria-label="VextJS ecosystem"><button class="vext-ecosystem-trigger" type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Open VextJS ecosystem navigation" title="Ecosystem"><span class="vext-ecosystem-trigger__grid" aria-hidden="true"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></button><div class="vext-ecosystem-panel"><div class="vext-ecosystem-panel__header"><span class="vext-ecosystem-panel__mark"><span>VX</span></span><div><strong>VextJS Ecosystem</strong><span>Docs, packages and integration surface</span></div></div><div class="vext-ecosystem-panel__grid"><a class="vext-ecosystem-card" href="https://github.com/vextjs/vext" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="vext-ecosystem-card__mark"><span>VX</span></span><span 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class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>Start</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"><div style="cursor:pointer;transition:transform 0.2s ease-out;transform:rotate(90deg)"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22 16 12 26l-1.4-1.4 8.6-8.6-8.6-8.6L12 6z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div style="display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr;transition:grid-template-rows 0.2s ease-out"><div style="overflow:hidden"><a href="/guide/introduction.html" class="rp-sidebar-item rp-sidebar-item--group-item rp-link" style="padding-left:calc(12px * 1 + 12px)" data-depth="1"><div class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>Introduction</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"></div></a><a href="/guide/quick-start.html" class="rp-sidebar-item rp-sidebar-item--group-item rp-link" style="padding-left:calc(12px * 1 + 12px)" data-depth="1"><div class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>Quick Start</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"></div></a><a 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API</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"></div></a><a href="/examples/zod-validation.html" class="rp-sidebar-item rp-sidebar-item--group-item rp-link" style="padding-left:calc(12px * 1 + 12px)" data-depth="1"><div class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>Zod Validation</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"></div></a><a href="/examples/drizzle-orm.html" class="rp-sidebar-item rp-sidebar-item--group-item rp-link" style="padding-left:calc(12px * 1 + 12px)" data-depth="1"><div class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>Drizzle ORM</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"></div></a><a href="/examples/prisma-orm.html" class="rp-sidebar-item rp-sidebar-item--group-item rp-link" style="padding-left:calc(12px * 1 + 12px)" data-depth="1"><div class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>Prisma ORM</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"></div></a></div></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item rp-sidebar-group" style="padding-left:12px" data-depth="0"><div class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>Ecosystem Integrations</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"><div style="cursor:pointer;transition:transform 0.2s ease-out;transform:rotate(90deg)"><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22 16 12 26l-1.4-1.4 8.6-8.6-8.6-8.6L12 6z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div style="display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr;transition:grid-template-rows 0.2s ease-out"><div style="overflow:hidden"><a href="/examples/nacos-integration.html" class="rp-sidebar-item rp-sidebar-item--group-item rp-link" style="padding-left:calc(12px * 1 + 12px)" data-depth="1"><div class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>Nacos</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"></div></a><a href="/examples/opentelemetry.html" class="rp-sidebar-item rp-sidebar-item--group-item rp-link" style="padding-left:calc(12px * 1 + 12px)" data-depth="1"><div class="rp-sidebar-item__left"><span>OpenTelemetry</span></div><div class="rp-sidebar-item__right"></div></a></div></div></aside><div class="rp-doc-layout__doc"><main class="rp-doc-layout__doc-container"><div class="rp-doc rspress-doc"><!--$--><h1 class="rp-toc-include" id="performance-benchmark-test"><a href="#performance-benchmark-test" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Performance benchmark test<!-- --> </h1>
<p>This page shows performance benchmark data comparing VextJS with other popular Node.js web frameworks. The reproducible benchmark of the current version is subject to <code>test/benchmark/run-benchmark.mjs</code> in the warehouse; the historical benchmark warehouse data on the page is only for trend reference.</p>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="comparative-caliber-description-please-read-first"><a href="#comparative-caliber-description-please-read-first" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Comparative caliber description (please read first)</h2>
<p>The current repo-local benchmark measures the throughput comparison under the same scenario, the same stress test parameters, and the same functional load as possible, rather than a direct comparison of the "default out-of-box full-featured configuration".</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Raw (naked running)</strong>: directly use the native API of the underlying framework to implement the same test scenario</li>
<li><strong>Vext</strong>: The same scene is launched through Vext, but in order to make a fair comparison with Raw, non-essential default capabilities will be turned off, and only the adapter/routing layer core overhead will be retained.</li>
<li><strong>chain</strong>: historical compatibility scenario, indicating handler inline business logic chain</li>
<li><strong>middleware-chain</strong>: the real route-level middleware chain, which will enter the adapter's middleware chain executor</li>
</ul>
<p>In the current benchmark, the Vext side will close or tighten the following non-core default capabilities:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>accessLog</code></li>
<li><code>requestId</code></li>
<li><code>cors</code></li>
<li><code>rateLimit</code></li>
<li><code>response.wrap</code></li>
<li><code>bodyParser</code></li>
<li><code>requestContext</code></li>
<li>Changed log level to <code>silent</code></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠️ This means: The data on this page is closer to the comparison result of "framework core path/adapter layer", rather than the final throughput commitment when all built-in capabilities are turned on in the default production configuration.</p>
<p>If you want to evaluate real business scenarios, please re-stress test based on your own middleware, logs, authentication, response packaging, database access and deployment environment.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="test-environment"><a href="#test-environment" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Test environment</h2>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Project</th><th>Specifications</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>CPU</strong></td><td>Intel Core i9-13900K (24 cores / 32 threads)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Memory</strong></td><td>64 GB DDR5-5600</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Operating System</strong></td><td>Ubuntu 22.04 LTS</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Node.js</strong></td><td>v22.12.0</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Test Tools</strong></td><td><a href="https://github.com/mcollina/autocannon" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="rp-link">autocannon</a> v8.0.0 (called via <code>npm exec --package</code>)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Concurrent Connections</strong></td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Duration</strong></td><td>30 seconds</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Warm-up</strong></td><td>5 seconds (not included in statistics)</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠️ <strong>Note</strong>: Performance benchmark test results are greatly affected by the test environment, load mode and code implementation. It is recommended to run the benchmark on your own hardware for the most accurate results.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="hello-world-benchmark"><a href="#hello-world-benchmark" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Hello World Benchmark</h2>
<p>The simplest routing scenario: return a fixed string response, without any business logic, and test the original throughput of the framework.</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="test-code"><a href="#test-code" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Test code</h3>
<p>::: code-tabs
@tab VextJS</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-typescript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)">// src/routes/index.ts</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> { defineRoutes } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "vextjs"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">export</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> default</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> defineRoutes</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">((app) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.get</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"/"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> async</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> (req</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> res) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> res</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.json</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ message</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Hello, World!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">});</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<p>@tab Fastify</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-javascript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="javascript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> fastify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> =</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> require</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"fastify"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">)();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">fastify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.get</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"/"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> async</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> () </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> { message</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Hello, World!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> };</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">});</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">fastify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.listen</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ port</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 3000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<p>@tab Express</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-javascript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="javascript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> express</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> =</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> require</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"express"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> =</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> express</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.get</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"/"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> (req</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> res) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> res</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.json</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ message</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Hello, World!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">});</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.listen</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">3000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">);</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<p>@tab Hono (Node)</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-typescript"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> { Hono } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "hono"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> { serve } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "@hono/node-server"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> =</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> new</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)"> Hono</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">();</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)">app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.get</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"/"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> (c) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> c</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">.json</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ message</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Hello, World!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> }));</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">serve</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">({ fetch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> app</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">.fetch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> port</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 3000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> });</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<p>:::</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="results"><a href="#results" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Results</h3>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>frames</th><th style="text-align:center">requests/second (avg)</th><th style="text-align:center">latency p50</th><th style="text-align:center">latency p95</th><th style="text-align:center">latency p99</th><th style="text-align:center">throughput</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>98,421</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">0.9 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">1.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">18.2 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">87,653</td><td style="text-align:center">1.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">16.2 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Hono)</td><td style="text-align:center">72,841</td><td style="text-align:center">1.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.5 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">13.5 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">85,320</td><td style="text-align:center">1.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.9 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">15.8 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>Hono v4 (Node)</td><td style="text-align:center">68,412</td><td style="text-align:center">1.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.7 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.9 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">12.7 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">18,934</td><td style="text-align:center">4.9 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">9.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">17.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.5 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>Koa v2</td><td style="text-align:center">24,716</td><td style="text-align:center">3.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">7.6 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">13.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.6 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Express)</td><td style="text-align:center">16,821</td><td style="text-align:center">5.5 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">11.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">19.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.1 MB/s</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">79,234</td><td style="text-align:center">1.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">14.7 MB/s</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="json-serialization-baseline"><a href="#json-serialization-baseline" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>JSON Serialization Baseline</h2>
<p>Test the performance of returning JSON responses containing nested objects, close to real API scenarios.</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="response-structure"><a href="#response-structure" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Response structure</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-json"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="json"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "id"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "name"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "John Doe"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "email"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "john@example.com"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "createdAt"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "2026-01-15T08:00:00.000Z"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "profile"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "avatar"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "https://example.com/avatar.png"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "bio"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Software Engineer"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "location"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "Shanghai, China"</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> }</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "roles"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)">"user"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "admin"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">]</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "metadata"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "loginCount"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 42</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword)"> "lastLogin"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation)">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression)"> "2026-01-14T20:30:00.000Z"</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-foreground)">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="results-1"><a href="#results-1" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Results</h3>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>frames</th><th style="text-align:center">requests/second (avg)</th><th style="text-align:center">latency p50</th><th style="text-align:center">latency p95</th><th style="text-align:center">latency p99</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>91,247</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">1.0 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.0 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.5 ms</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">81,334</td><td style="text-align:center">1.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.0 ms</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Hono)</td><td style="text-align:center">67,523</td><td style="text-align:center">1.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.9 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">79,876</td><td style="text-align:center">1.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.2 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Hono v4 (Node)</td><td style="text-align:center">62,103</td><td style="text-align:center">1.5 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.0 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">5.3 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">16,782</td><td style="text-align:center">5.6 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">11.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">19.9 ms</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">73,910</td><td style="text-align:center">1.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.6 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.6 ms</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="parameter-verification-benchmark"><a href="#parameter-verification-benchmark" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Parameter verification benchmark</h2>
<p>Test the performance overhead of request parameter verification during route processing. VextJS uses the built-in schema-dsl verification, and other frameworks use zod or joi.</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="test-scenario"><a href="#test-scenario" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Test scenario</h3>
<p>POST request, Body contains 10 fields, including strings, numbers, enumerations and nested objects.</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Frame</th><th style="text-align:center">Requests/sec (avg)</th><th style="text-align:center">Delay p50</th><th style="text-align:center">Delay p95</th><th style="text-align:center">Validation library</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native + schema-dsl)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>84,312</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">1.1 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">Built-in schema-dsl</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify + schema-dsl)</td><td style="text-align:center">74,891</td><td style="text-align:center">1.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.5 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">Built-in schema-dsl</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5 (ajv)</td><td style="text-align:center">78,234</td><td style="text-align:center">1.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">2.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">ajv v8</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5 (zod)</td><td style="text-align:center">51,823</td><td style="text-align:center">1.8 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">3.7 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">zod v3</td></tr><tr><td>Express + zod</td><td style="text-align:center">12,341</td><td style="text-align:center">7.6 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">15.3 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">zod v3</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (class-validator)</td><td style="text-align:center">42,156</td><td style="text-align:center">2.2 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">4.4 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">class-validator</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>VextJS's schema-dsl is compiled based on ajv and has verification performance close to native ajv while providing a more concise DSL syntax.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="middleware-chain-benchmark"><a href="#middleware-chain-benchmark" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Middleware chain benchmark</h2>
<p>Test the final routing processing performance after five layers of middleware, and simulate middleware overlay scenarios such as authentication, logging, and current limiting in real applications.</p>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="middleware-configuration"><a href="#middleware-configuration" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Middleware configuration</h3>
<p>5 layers of middleware:</p>
<ol>
<li>Request ID injection</li>
<li>Request logging (memory buffer, do not write to disk)</li>
<li>JWT verification (skip signature verification, only parse)</li>
<li>Current limit check (memory counter)</li>
<li>Response header injection</li>
</ol>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Framework</th><th style="text-align:center">Requests/sec (avg)</th><th style="text-align:center">Less middleware overhead</th><th style="text-align:center">Latency p99</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>79,834</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">-18.9%</td><td style="text-align:center">4.1 ms</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">57,221</td><td style="text-align:center">-21.5%</td><td style="text-align:center">5.6 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">68,901</td><td style="text-align:center">-19.2%</td><td style="text-align:center">4.8 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">13,421</td><td style="text-align:center">-29.1%</td><td style="text-align:center">22.4 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Koa v2</td><td style="text-align:center">18,934</td><td style="text-align:center">-23.4%</td><td style="text-align:center">18.1 ms</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="adapter-comparison"><a href="#adapter-comparison" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Adapter comparison</h2>
<p>VextJS supports a variety of underlying HTTP Adapters. The performance difference mainly comes from the underlying HTTP implementation:| Adapter | Requests/second (Hello World, history) | Features | Applicable scenarios |
|----------------| :---------------------------------: | -------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| <code>native</code> (default) | ~98,000 | Zero external HTTP framework dependencies, Node native http + route-core | Recommended, highest performance |
| <code>fastify</code> | ~87,000 | High performance + rich ecosystem | Requires Fastify plug-in ecosystem |
| <code>hono</code> | ~72,000 | Web Standards API, ultra-lightweight | Full stack / edge runtime |
| <code>express</code> | ~18,000 | The largest middleware ecosystem | Migrate existing Express projects |
| <code>koa</code> | ~24,000 | Lightweight and elegant | Small and medium-sized projects |
| <code>node-cluster</code> | ~340,000* | Multi-process, linear scaling | Multi-core CPU server |</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>*</code> Cluster data is the aggregate throughput of 8-core workers (single process × 8 near linear expansion).
Note: The uWS (uWebSockets.js) adapter is not yet built-in and is listed as a future plan (roadmap).</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="adapter-performance-visualization"><a href="#adapter-performance-visualization" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Adapter performance visualization</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-txt"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="txt"><code><span class="line"><span>98,421 req/s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>87,653 req/s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>Hono 72,841 req/s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>Koa ██████████ 24,716 req/s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>Express ████████ 18,934 req/s</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="cluster-mode-baseline"><a href="#cluster-mode-baseline" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Cluster mode baseline</h2>
<p>Test the throughput comparison between VextJS Cluster mode and single-process mode in a multi-core environment:</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Mode</th><th style="text-align:center">Number of Workers</th><th style="text-align:center">Requests/sec</th><th style="text-align:center">CPU Utilization</th><th style="text-align:center">Memory</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Single Process (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center">1</td><td style="text-align:center">98,421</td><td style="text-align:center">12%</td><td style="text-align:center">48 MB</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster × 2</td><td style="text-align:center">2</td><td style="text-align:center">192,834</td><td style="text-align:center">24%</td><td style="text-align:center">96 MB</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster × 4</td><td style="text-align:center">4</td><td style="text-align:center">381,201</td><td style="text-align:center">47%</td><td style="text-align:center">192 MB</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster × 8</td><td style="text-align:center">8</td><td style="text-align:center">743,892</td><td style="text-align:center">91%</td><td style="text-align:center">384 MB</td></tr><tr><td>Cluster × 16</td><td style="text-align:center">16</td><td style="text-align:center">891,234</td><td style="text-align:center">98%</td><td style="text-align:center">768 MB</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Above 8 cores, affected by CPU scheduling overhead, the expansion efficiency decreases slightly, but it is still close to linear expansion.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="memory-benchmark"><a href="#memory-benchmark" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Memory benchmark</h2>
<p>Memory usage when the framework is unloaded (only HTTP server is started, no request processing):</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Framework</th><th style="text-align:center">Startup memory</th><th style="text-align:center">After 100,000 requests</th><th style="text-align:center">GC pressure</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>18 MB</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">22 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">Low</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Hono)</td><td style="text-align:center">24 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">28 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">Low</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">31 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">38 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">Low</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">29 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">36 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">Low</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">42 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">58 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">Medium</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Express)</td><td style="text-align:center">86 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">112 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">Medium</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">71 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">94 MB</td><td style="text-align:center">Low-Medium</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="startup-time"><a href="#startup-time" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Startup time</h2>
<p>Time from process startup to when the first request can be responded to (cold start):</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Framework</th><th style="text-align:center">Cold start time</th><th style="text-align:center">Hot reload time</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>VextJS</strong> (Native)</td><td style="text-align:center"><strong>42 ms</strong></td><td style="text-align:center">180 ms</td></tr><tr><td>VextJS (Fastify)</td><td style="text-align:center">68 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">210 ms</td></tr><tr><td>Fastify v5</td><td style="text-align:center">61 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">—</td></tr><tr><td>Express v5</td><td style="text-align:center">38 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">—</td></tr><tr><td>NestJS</td><td style="text-align:center">1,240 ms</td><td style="text-align:center">—</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<blockquote>
<p>VextJS hot reload time includes the complete process of esbuild incremental compilation + worker replacement. The actual hot reload perceived delay is about 200 ms.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="how-to-run-the-benchmark-yourself"><a href="#how-to-run-the-benchmark-yourself" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>How to run the benchmark yourself</h2>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="run-the-benchmark-in-the-current-warehouse"><a href="#run-the-benchmark-in-the-current-warehouse" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Run the benchmark in the current warehouse</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-bash"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="bash"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">npm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> install</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">npm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> run</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> test:bench</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --scenario</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> all</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --rounds</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="run-a-single-framework"><a href="#run-a-single-framework" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Run a single framework</h3>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-bash"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="bash"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># Only tests VextJS (Native)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">npm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> run</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> test:bench</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --framework</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> native</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --scenario</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> all</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --rounds</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># Only test VextJS (Fastify)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">npm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> run</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> test:bench</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --framework</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> fastify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --scenario</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> all</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --rounds</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># Only test the real route-level middleware chain</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">npm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> run</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> test:bench</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --scenario</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> middleware-chain</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --rounds</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 5</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="manual-testing-using-autocannon"><a href="#manual-testing-using-autocannon" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Manual testing using autocannon</h3>
<p>The benchmark runner of the current warehouse will automatically start/stop the test server and call autocannon through <code>npm exec --package=autocannon@8.0.0</code>. There is usually no need to start the server manually.</p>
<p>If you need to perform a separate stress test on a started local service, you can directly run:</p>
<div class="rp-codeblock language-bash"><div class="rp-codeblock__content"><div class="rp-codeblock__content__scroll-container rp-scrollbar rp-scrollbar--always"><pre class="shiki css-variables" style="background-color:var(--shiki-background);color:var(--shiki-foreground)" tabindex="0" data-lang="bash"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment)"># run autocannon</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function)">npx</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --yes</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> --package=autocannon@8.0.0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> autocannon</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> -c</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 100</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> -d</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 30</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> -p</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant)"> 10</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string)"> http://localhost:3000/</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="rp-code-button-group"><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-wrap-button" title="Toggle code wrap"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrapped"><path fill="#22a041" d="M21 5H3v2h18zM3 19h7v-2H3zm0-6h15c1 0 2 .43 2 2s-1 2-2 2h-2v-2l-4 3 4 3v-2h2c2.95 0 4-1.27 4-4 0-2.72-1-4-4-4H3z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-button-group__icon--wrap"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 7H3V5h13zM3 19h13v-2H3zm19-7-4-3v2H3v2h15v2z"></path></svg></button><button class="rp-code-button-group__button rp-code-copy-button" title="Copy code"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--copy"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 8v12H8V8zm0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M4 16H2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h12v2H4Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="rp-code-button-group__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon rp-code-copy-button__icon--success"><path fill="#49cd37" d="m9.55 18-5.7-5.7 1.425-1.425L9.55 15.15l9.175-9.175L20.15 7.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="configuration-instructions"><a href="#configuration-instructions" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Configuration instructions</h3>
<p>The current benchmark is configured through CLI parameters, and <code>bench.config.ts</code> does not exist:</p>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Parameters</th><th>Default value</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>--duration</code></td><td><code>15</code></td><td>The number of seconds the stress test lasts</td></tr><tr><td><code>--connections</code></td><td><code>50</code></td><td>Number of concurrent connections</td></tr><tr><td><code>--pipelining</code></td><td><code>10</code></td><td>HTTP pipeline depth</td></tr><tr><td><code>--warmup</code></td><td><code>5</code></td><td>Warmup seconds</td></tr><tr><td><code>--rounds</code></td><td><code>1</code></td><td>Rounds; PR / pre-release suggestion 5 or 7</td></tr><tr><td><code>--scenario</code></td><td><code>all</code></td><td><code>json</code> / <code>params</code> / <code>chain</code> / <code>middleware-chain</code> / <code>all</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>--framework</code></td><td>All</td><td>Framework filtering, comma separated</td></tr><tr><td><code>--output</code></td><td><code>test/benchmark/RESULTS.md</code></td><td>Report output path</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="conclusion"><a href="#conclusion" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Conclusion</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Highest throughput in history</strong>: VextJS + Native Adapter, reaching about <strong>98,000 req/s</strong> in the historical Hello World scenario on 2026-01-15, turning on Cluster mode can break through <strong>700,000 req/s</strong> (8 cores)</li>
<li><strong>Minimum memory</strong>: VextJS + Native Adapter, only <strong>18 MB</strong> when empty, suitable for resource-constrained environments</li>
<li><strong>Fastest startup</strong>: VextJS + Native Adapter, cold startup about <strong>42 ms</strong>, hot reload about <strong>180 ms</strong></li>
<li><strong>Verification performance</strong>: The built-in schema-dsl is compiled based on ajv, the verification overhead is extremely low, and it is close to the native ajv performance</li>
<li><strong>Scalability</strong>: Close to linear expansion in Cluster mode, 8 cores can achieve approximately 7.6× throughput improvement</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="rp-toc-include" id="performance-recommendations"><a href="#performance-recommendations" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Performance recommendations</h3>
<div class="rp-table-scroll-container rp-scrollbar"><table><thead><tr><th>Scenario</th><th>Recommended configuration</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Extreme performance (cloud native, single-machine high concurrency)</td><td><code>adapter: 'native'</code> + Cluster × number of CPU cores</td></tr><tr><td>Production environment (general)</td><td><code>adapter: 'native'</code> or <code>'fastify'</code> + Cluster × (number of CPU cores-1)</td></tr><tr><td>Lightweight deployment (container/edge)</td><td><code>adapter: 'native'</code>, single process, zero framework dependencies</td></tr><tr><td>Full stack/edge runtime</td><td><code>adapter: 'hono'</code>, compatible with Web Standards API</td></tr><tr><td>Development environment</td><td><code>adapter: 'native'</code> (default), hot reloading is the fastest</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr/>
<h2 class="rp-toc-include" id="related-links"><a href="#related-links" class="rp-header-anchor rp-link" aria-hidden="true">#</a>Related links</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vextjs/benchmarks" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="rp-link">benchmarks repository</a> — complete test code and historical data</li>
<li><a href="/guide/adapters.html" class="rp-link">Adapter Architecture</a> — Understand the technical implementation of each Adapter</li>
<li><a href="/guide/cluster.html" class="rp-link">Cluster multi-process</a> — How to configure and use Cluster mode</li>
<li><a href="/api/config.html" class="rp-link">Configuration Item</a> — <code>adapter</code> configuration field details</li>
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