- 3D Modeling: creating digital three-dimensional representations of objects
- 3D Printing: building physical objects layer by layer from a digital model
- 3D Rendering: generating photorealistic images or animations from 3D models
- BIM (Building Information Modeling): intelligent 3D building models that hold design, construction, and operation data
- Building Energy Modeling: simulating a building's energy use to evaluate its design and efficiency
- LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design): the most widely used green building certification system
- VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow): an HVAC system that varies refrigerant flow to heat and cool zones individually
- CAD (Computer-Aided Design): using software to create precise 2D drawings and 3D models
- Drone Mapping: turning aerial drone photos into maps and 3D models of a site through photogrammetry
- FEA (Finite Element Analysis): simulating how parts respond to forces, heat, and vibration
- ISA (Instruction Set Architecture): the instructions, registers, and memory model a processor exposes to software
- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer): uses a large and complex set of instructions
- x86: Intel's widely used CPU architecture that powers most personal computers
- RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): uses a small optimized set of simple instructions
- ARM (Advanced RISC Machine): power-efficient architecture for smartphones, embedded systems, etc.
- MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipelined Stages): RISC ISA widely used to teach processor design
- RISC-V: an open, royalty-free RISC ISA used in research, education, and a growing range of chips
- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer): uses a large and complex set of instructions
- Desktop Tower: an upright computer case that houses the motherboard, CPU, GPU, storage, and power supply
- Storage Device: hardware that stores data persistently
- HDD (Hard Disk Drive): stores data magnetically on spinning platters; cheap per terabyte but slower
- SSD (Solid-State Drive): stores data on flash memory with no moving parts; much faster than an HDD
- Amateur Radio: licensed, non-commercial use of radio frequencies for communication and experimentation
- Flight Software: software that controls spacecraft and other embedded systems in real time
- GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output): programmable pins that let a board read sensors and control components
- IoT (Internet of Things): physical devices with sensors and software that exchange data over the internet
- Microcontroller: a self-contained computer on a single integrated circuit
- Microprocessor: a CPU on a single chip that relies on external memory and peripherals
- SBC (Single-Board Computer): a complete computer built on one circuit board
- SDR (Software-Defined Radio): radio communication where signal processing is done in software instead of hardware
- Entanglement: a link between qubits where measuring one immediately determines the state of the other
- Quantum Circuit: a sequence of quantum gates applied to qubits, the basic model of a quantum program
- Quantum SDK: a toolkit for building, simulating, and running quantum circuits on simulators or real hardware
- Qubit: the basic unit of quantum information, which can be in a superposition of 0 and 1
- Superposition: a qubit's ability to exist in a combination of states until it is measured
- GPU Computing: using a GPU's many cores to accelerate general-purpose parallel computation
- Numerical Computing: solving math problems with numeric approximations and algorithms on computers
- Symbolic Computing: manipulating mathematical expressions exactly, such as solving equations algebraically