diff --git a/chess-server/Sources/App/Auth/AuthController.swift b/chess-server/Sources/App/Auth/AuthController.swift
index 17a1f23..197ec00 100644
--- a/chess-server/Sources/App/Auth/AuthController.swift
+++ b/chess-server/Sources/App/Auth/AuthController.swift
@@ -57,18 +57,27 @@ struct AuthController: RouteCollection {
         let body = try req.content.decode(RefreshRequest.self, as: .json)
         let digest = RefreshToken.hash(body.refreshToken)
 
-        guard let stored = try await RefreshToken.query(on: req.db)
-            .filter(\.$tokenHash == digest)
-            .first()
-        else {
-            throw Abort(.unauthorized, reason: "invalid refresh token")
+        // Consume the token atomically: one DELETE … RETURNING, so two
+        // requests presenting the same token (a real client and a replayed
+        // stolen token) can never both mint a fresh pair — only the racer
+        // whose DELETE hits the row proceeds; the other gets 401. A
+        // SELECT-then-delete here was a replay window (#147). Expired tokens
+        // don't match, so they can't be exchanged either; cleanup reaps them.
+        // Mirrors `consumeNonce`; portable across Postgres and SQLite 3.35+.
+        guard let sql = req.db as? SQLDatabase else {
+            throw Abort(.internalServerError, reason: "refresh token store requires an SQL database")
         }
+        struct Consumed: Decodable { let user_id: String }
+        let consumed = try await sql.raw("""
+        DELETE FROM refresh_tokens
+        WHERE token_hash = \(bind: digest) AND expires_at > \(bind: Date())
+        RETURNING CAST(user_id AS text) AS user_id
+        """).first(decoding: Consumed.self)
 
-        try await stored.delete(on: req.db)
-        guard stored.expiresAt > Date() else {
-            throw Abort(.unauthorized, reason: "refresh token expired")
+        guard let consumed, let userID = UUID(uuidString: consumed.user_id) else {
+            throw Abort(.unauthorized, reason: "invalid or expired refresh token")
         }
-        guard let user = try await User.find(stored.$user.id, on: req.db) else {
+        guard let user = try await User.find(userID, on: req.db) else {
             throw Abort(.unauthorized, reason: "unknown user")
         }
         return try await issueTokens(for: user, on: req)
diff --git a/chess-server/Tests/AppTests/AuthTests.swift b/chess-server/Tests/AppTests/AuthTests.swift
index 800e324..f42ecba 100644
--- a/chess-server/Tests/AppTests/AuthTests.swift
+++ b/chess-server/Tests/AppTests/AuthTests.swift
@@ -80,6 +80,42 @@ final class AuthTests: XCTestCase {
         })
     }
 
+    func testConcurrentRefreshRedeemsTheTokenExactlyOnce() async throws {
+        let auth = try await register()
+        // Application isn't Sendable; a box lets it cross into the concurrent
+        // task closures. Safe here — Vapor routes each test request
+        // independently, which is exactly the concurrency under test.
+        let box = SendableBox(value: app!)
+        let token = auth.refreshToken
+
+        // Fire several simultaneous refreshes of the SAME token. Rotation is
+        // atomic (DELETE … RETURNING), so exactly one may redeem it — a
+        // replayed stolen token and the real client cannot both mint a session
+        // (#147). This is the concurrent race testRefreshRotatesToken can't
+        // reach: the old SELECT-then-delete let multiple racers both through.
+        let codes = try await withThrowingTaskGroup(of: UInt.self) { group in
+            for _ in 0..<8 {
+                group.addTask {
+                    var code: UInt = 0
+                    try await box.value.test(.POST, "auth/refresh", beforeRequest: { req in
+                        try req.content.encode(RefreshRequest(refreshToken: token), as: .json)
+                    }, afterResponse: { res async in
+                        code = res.status.code
+                    })
+                    return code
+                }
+            }
+            var all: [UInt] = []
+            for try await code in group { all.append(code) }
+            return all
+        }
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(codes.filter { $0 == 200 }.count, 1,
+                       "exactly one concurrent refresh may redeem the token")
+        XCTAssertEqual(codes.filter { $0 == 401 }.count, 7,
+                       "every other concurrent refresh is rejected")
+    }
+
     func testProtectedRoutesRejectAnonymous() async throws {
         try await app.test(.GET, "me", afterResponse: { res async in
             XCTAssertEqual(res.status, .unauthorized)
@@ -401,3 +437,9 @@ final class AuthTests: XCTestCase {
         XCTAssertEqual(holders, 1)
     }
 }
+
+/// Carries a non-Sendable value into concurrent task closures for the
+/// refresh-race test.
+private struct SendableBox<T>: @unchecked Sendable {
+    let value: T
+}