diff --git a/.changeset/hot-doors-shake.md b/.changeset/hot-doors-shake.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ee838e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/hot-doors-shake.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'esrap': patch
+---
+
+fix: re-introduce JSDoc type cast support, but don't treat JSDoc `@type` comments on binding identifiers (variable declarator ids, function parameters, catch params) as type casts
diff --git a/src/languages/ts/index.js b/src/languages/ts/index.js
index f3b4cdda..46f993b3 100644
--- a/src/languages/ts/index.js
+++ b/src/languages/ts/index.js
@@ -74,6 +74,33 @@ const OPERATOR_PRECEDENCE = {
 	'**': 13
 };
 
+/**
+ * Nodes in binding positions (variable declarator ids, function parameters,
+ * catch clause params, etc). A JSDoc `@type` comment attached to one of these
+ * is an annotation on the binding, not a type cast, so it must not be wrapped
+ * in parentheses (see https://github.com/sveltejs/esrap/issues/164).
+ * @type {WeakSet<object>}
+ */
+const BINDINGS = new WeakSet();
+
+/**
+ * Marks a node as occupying a binding position.
+ * @param {object | null | undefined} node
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function track_binding(node) {
+	if (node && typeof node === 'object') BINDINGS.add(node);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Marks an array of nodes (e.g. function params) as binding positions.
+ * @param {(object | null | undefined)[] | null | undefined} nodes
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+function track_bindings(nodes) {
+	if (nodes) for (const node of nodes) track_binding(node);
+}
+
 /**
  * Writes `keyword` bounded by source map locations for the exact character span,
  * so breakpoints line up on keywords (not only identifiers and braces).
@@ -315,9 +342,11 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 	 * @param {{ line: number, column: number } | null} from
 	 * @param {{ line: number, column: number }} to
 	 * @param {boolean} pad
+	 * @param {boolean} [is_next_to_expression]
 	 */
-	function flush_comments_until(context, from, to, pad) {
+	function flush_comments_until(context, from, to, pad, is_next_to_expression = false) {
 		let first = true;
+		let jsdoc_type_casts = 0;
 
 		while (comment_index < comments.length) {
 			const comment = comments[comment_index];
@@ -331,10 +360,24 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 				first = false;
 
 				write_comment(comment, context);
+				// Acorn removes the parentheses that give a JSDoc `@type` comment cast semantics.
+				// We have to do a best guess (because we don't have access to the original source)
+				// to detect it based on the comment starting with `* @type {`, and only when
+				// it's an expression (e.g. `const foo = /** @type {number} */ (1);`), not something
+				// else like a statement (e.g. `/** @type {number} */ let foo;`).
+				const is_jsdoc_type_cast =
+					is_next_to_expression &&
+					comment.type === 'Block' &&
+					/(?:^|\n)\s*\*\s*@type\s*{/.test(comment.value);
+
+				if (is_jsdoc_type_cast) {
+					context.write(' (');
+					jsdoc_type_casts += 1;
+				}
 
 				if (comment.loc.end.line < to.line) {
 					context.newline();
-				} else if (pad) {
+				} else if (pad && !is_jsdoc_type_cast) {
 					context.write(' ');
 				}
 
@@ -343,6 +386,8 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 				break;
 			}
 		}
+
+		return jsdoc_type_casts;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -804,6 +849,7 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 				context.visit(node.typeParameters);
 			}
 
+			track_bindings(node.params);
 			context.write('(');
 			sequence(context, node.params, (node.returnType ?? node.body).loc?.start ?? null, false);
 			context.write(')');
@@ -865,6 +911,7 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 			// @ts-expect-error `typeParameters` lives on the method node, not its value
 			if (node.typeParameters) context.visit(node.typeParameters);
 
+			track_bindings(node.value.params);
 			context.write('(');
 			sequence(
 				context,
@@ -987,6 +1034,8 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 				context.visit(node.typeParameters);
 			}
 
+			// @ts-expect-error `acorn-typescript` and `@typescript-eslint/types` have slightly different type definitions
+			track_bindings(node.parameters ?? node.params);
 			context.write('(');
 			sequence(
 				context,
@@ -1016,6 +1065,8 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 			}
 			if (node.typeParameters) context.visit(node.typeParameters);
 
+			// @ts-expect-error `acorn-typescript` and `@typescript-eslint/types` have slightly different type definitions
+			track_bindings(node.parameters ?? node.params);
 			context.write('(');
 			sequence(
 				context,
@@ -1040,12 +1091,24 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 		_(node, context, visit) {
 			write_additional_comments(context, options.getLeadingComments?.(node), 'leading');
 
+			let jsdoc_type_casts = 0;
+
 			if (node.loc) {
-				flush_comments_until(context, null, node.loc.start, true);
+				jsdoc_type_casts = flush_comments_until(
+					context,
+					null,
+					node.loc.start,
+					true,
+					node.type in EXPRESSIONS_PRECEDENCE && !BINDINGS.has(node)
+				);
 			}
 
 			visit(node);
 
+			if (jsdoc_type_casts > 0) {
+				context.write(')'.repeat(jsdoc_type_casts));
+			}
+
 			// a JSX empty expression prints nothing and exists only to hold the
 			// comments inside `{...}`. Flush them here, otherwise they are written
 			// by whichever node comes next — after the closing brace, where they
@@ -1075,6 +1138,7 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 				context.visit(node.typeParameters);
 			}
 
+			track_bindings(node.params);
 			context.write('(');
 			sequence(context, node.params, (node.returnType ?? node.body).loc?.start ?? null, false);
 			context.write(')');
@@ -1591,6 +1655,7 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 				if (node.computed) context.write('[', token_before(node.key.loc?.start));
 				context.visit(node.key);
 				if (node.computed) context.write(']', token_at(node.key.loc?.end));
+				track_bindings(node.value.params);
 				context.write('(');
 				sequence(
 					context,
@@ -1757,6 +1822,7 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 
 				if (node.handler.param) {
 					write_keyword(context, node.handler, 'catch', '(');
+					track_binding(node.handler.param);
 					context.visit(node.handler.param);
 					context.write(') ');
 				} else {
@@ -1883,6 +1949,7 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 				context.visit(node.typeParameters);
 			}
 
+			track_bindings(node.params);
 			context.write('(');
 			sequence(context, node.params, node.returnType?.loc?.start ?? node.loc?.end ?? null, false);
 			context.write(')');
@@ -2200,6 +2267,8 @@ export default (options = {}) => {
 				context.visit(node.typeParameters);
 			}
 
+			// @ts-expect-error `acorn-typescript` and `@typescript-eslint/types` have slightly different type definitions
+			track_bindings(node.parameters ?? node.params);
 			context.write('(');
 			sequence(
 				context,
@@ -2717,7 +2786,9 @@ function same_module_name(a, b) {
 function handle_var_declarator(node, context, no_in) {
 	// `definite` sits on the declarator, but `!` belongs between the name and the
 	// type annotation — both of which are written by the identifier's own visitor
-	context.visit(node.definite ? /** @type {any} */ ({ ...node.id, definite: true }) : node.id);
+	const id = node.definite ? /** @type {any} */ ({ ...node.id, definite: true }) : node.id;
+	track_binding(id);
+	context.visit(id);
 
 	if (node.init) {
 		context.write(' = ');
diff --git a/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/expected.js b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d674fb2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+let /** @type {number | undefined} */ computed;
+
+let /** @type {number | undefined} */ a,
+	/** @type {string} */ b;
+
+function foo(/** @type {number} */ x, /** @type {string} */ y) {}
+
+const fn = (/** @type {number} */ z) => z;
+
+try {
+	foo(1, '');
+} catch(/** @type {any} */ e) {}
+
+const value = /** @type {number} */ (computed);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/expected.js.map b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/expected.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1dadee7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/expected.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "version": 3,
+  "names": [],
+  "sources": [
+    "input.js"
+  ],
+  "sourcesContent": [
+    "let /** @type {number | undefined} */ computed;\n\nlet /** @type {number | undefined} */ a, /** @type {string} */ b;\n\nfunction foo(/** @type {number} */ x, /** @type {string} */ y) {}\n\nconst fn = (/** @type {number} */ z) => z;\n\ntry {\n\tfoo(1, '');\n} catch (/** @type {any} */ e) {}\n\nconst value = /** @type {number} */ (computed);\n"
+  ],
+  "mappings": "AAAA,IAAI,kCAAkC,QAAQ;;AAE9C,IAAI,kCAAkC,CAAC;uBAAwB,CAAC;;AAEhE,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAG,uBAAuB,CAAC,wBAAwB,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,AAAA,CAAC;;AAEjE,MAAM,AAAA,EAAE,0BAA0B,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC;;AAEzC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;CACJ,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,EAAE;AACV,CAAC,CAAC,KAAK,oBAAqB,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,AAAA,CAAC;;AAEjC,MAAM,AAAA,KAAK,0BAA0B,QAAQ"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/input.js b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7578f6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-annotation/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+let /** @type {number | undefined} */ computed;
+
+let /** @type {number | undefined} */ a, /** @type {string} */ b;
+
+function foo(/** @type {number} */ x, /** @type {string} */ y) {}
+
+const fn = (/** @type {number} */ z) => z;
+
+try {
+	foo(1, '');
+} catch (/** @type {any} */ e) {}
+
+const value = /** @type {number} */ (computed);
diff --git a/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/expected.js b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2138f530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+const foo = /** @type {number} */ (1);
+const bar = /** @type {number} */ (/** @type {number} */ (1));
diff --git a/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/expected.js.map b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/expected.js.map
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a8e2562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/expected.js.map
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "version": 3,
+  "names": [],
+  "sources": [
+    "input.js"
+  ],
+  "sourcesContent": [
+    "const foo = /** @type {number} */ (1);\n\nconst bar = /** @type {number} */ (/** @type {number} */ (1));\n"
+  ],
+  "mappings": "AAAA,MAAM,AAAA,GAAG,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAEpC,MAAM,AAAA,GAAG,iDAAiD,CAAC"
+}
diff --git a/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/input.js b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4edc2689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/samples/comment-jsdoc-type-cast/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const foo = /** @type {number} */ (1);
+
+const bar = /** @type {number} */ (/** @type {number} */ (1));