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Lexicon notes — headwords and gloss-chains

Seeded from GEN 1:1–2, JHN 1:1–2 and JHN 1:6.

These strings are copied verbatim into new chapters. ἀρχή must read the same way in Gen 1:1 and John 1:1 — that consistency is what makes the quotation visible on the page. If a chain or headword has to change, change it here first and re-render every chapter that uses it.

How an entry is used

Each entry gives a headword and a chain. In a verse's reading they are one unit:

[[headword|chain]]

The unanchored panel shows the chain alone; the anchored panel shows headword — chain —, shaded. There is one chain per entry, not one per panel.

The headword rule

The headword is the lexicon's first sense, in the form the text uses. No translation is consulted.

  1. Lexicon. Middle Liddell (1889), as the Perseus Digital Library encodes it, in sources/middle-liddell/. Where it has no entry, LSJ as published by PerseusDL (CC BY-SA 4.0).

  2. Sense. The first translation in the entry's first numbered sense. The headword line, principal parts and etymology stand before the senses and are never taken. For a preposition, the first sense for the case it governs. For a word used as a noun, the first noun sense.

    Where Perseus's opening gloss belongs to one voice only — ἄρχω's in pass. sense:— to be first, against its numbered I, to begin, make a beginning ("both in Act. and Mid.") — it is skipped by name in NOT_SENSES. Not by rule: the same opening position carries the principal sense in most entries, λόγος's the word among them, and a rule that skipped it would rewrite the prologue's headword to spoken.

    The same holds for a sense restricted to a form rather than a voice. ἐνδύω's sense I, to go into, put on, is dressing oneself; the entry marks sense II "Causal … aor1 -έδυσα", and GEN 3:21 ἐνέδυσεν is that aorist, so sense I is skipped by name. And one entry can hold two words: ὡς's opens with the accented demonstrative ὥς, so, thus, before the relative ὡς, as, which is the word Rahlfs prints.

    A word used as a conjunction takes the first conjunction sense, as a word used as a noun takes the first noun sense: ἵνα is an adverb of place in its first sense and that, in order that in its second; μήποτε is never as an adverb and that at no time, lest ever as a conjunction.

    A sense the entry restricts to one tense is skipped the same way: ἀνίστημι heads its causal senses "in pres., imperf." and its intransitive ones "in aor2 ἀνέστην", so GEN 4:8 ἀνέστη is stood up and GEN 9:9 ἀνίστημι I make to stand up. Where one lemma is used both ways, the word-by-word layer cannot skip by lemma alone: FORM_SENSES in build/words.py names the senses to skip for a given tense and voice, in place of NOT_SENSES. ἐπιτίθημι's middle, B. Mid. to put on oneself, is filed there the same way for GEN 9:23 ἐπέθεντο, and παύω's, to take one's rest, for GEN 11:8 ἐπαύσαντο. A sense restricted only by subject or construction is not: the rule reads the lexicon, not the verse. So συλλαμβάνω is having collected at GEN 4:1, though its fourth sense, "of females, to conceive", is what the verse means; ἄρχω with the genitive is will begin at 4:7, though to rule is its second sense; and πρόβατον is anything that walks forward, which Middle Liddell gives as the word's proper sense before cattle, flocks and, in Attic, sheep. The chain carries the rest, and the notes say where the verse's meaning stands in the entry.

    A passive or middle form takes the first sense in its own voice: κρύπτω, to hide, is were hidden at GEN 3:8, and φθείρω, to ruin, was ruined at 6:11. Where the entry also gives the passive a translation of its own — κρύπτω's to hide oneself, lie hidden, φθείρω's to go to ruin, πληθύνω's to prevail — that translation is the lexicon adding a reading, and it goes in the chain, not the headword. GEN 6 and 7 first took it for the headword (went to ruin, to become firm, were open); they were put back when GEN 8 found the two rules side by side. A verb filed under its middle (ἐκπορεύομαι, πορεύομαι, φοβέομαι) is different: its active glosses belong to another word's use and are skipped by name, as above.

  3. Form. Tense, voice, mood, person and number come from the Greek form.

  4. Article. English gets the where the Greek has the article, and nothing where it does not. The a in a lexicon's gloss (a beginning) is its citation form, not the text's.

  5. Capitals. None the Greek does not mark. Proper names and God are capitalised, as the lexicon prints them; nothing is capitalised to make it a title, and no pronoun standing for God takes a reverential capital.

Homographs

Where the lexicon prints two entries under one spelling, the first is not always the word the text uses, and "the first sense of the first entry" would then be the first sense of the wrong word. ENTRY in build/words.py names which entry is meant; it decides nothing about what the word means, only which entry is the word, and every case is listed here:

lemma entry taken why not the first
χοῦς (GEN 2:7) xou=s2earth thrown down, heaped up, dust xou=s1 is the Pitcher-feast, the liquid measure
ὅτι (GEN 2:3) o(/ti2that o(/ti1 is ὅ τι, for what, wherefore
λέγω (GEN 2:16) le/gw3to say, speak le/gw1 is to lull to sleep, le/gw2 to gather
οὐ (GEN 2:5) ou)8not the other seventeen gloss idioms, οὐ γάρ, οὐ μήν …
ὁδός (GEN 3:24) o(do/s2a way, path o(do/s1 is the Attic ὀδός for οὐδός, a threshold
στεῖρα (GEN 11:30) stei=ra2a cow that has not calved; barren stei=ra1 is a ship's keel
μόσχος (GEN 12:16) mo/sxos2a calf mo/sxos1 is a young shoot

A lemma belongs there only where the entries are genuinely different words. A word with one entry and several senses is not a homograph: its first numbered sense stands, however far from the expected meaning it reads.

Where the lexicon files a word elsewhere

SPELLING in build/words.py redirects a lemma to the key its entry actually sits under. Three reasons, and all of them are the lexicon's filing rather than a decision about sense:

lemma filed under why
γίνομαι, γινώσκω γίγνομαι, γιγνώσκω the Attic spelling of a Koine form
εἷς (GEN 2:11) ei(/s Perseus keys the numeral with an acute, not a circumflex
πορεύομαι (GEN 2:14) πορεύω a deponent, filed under its active
ἐκπορεύομαι (GEN 2:10) ἐκπορεύω likewise
κατέναντι (GEN 2:14) κατεναντίον the entry is a bare cross-reference, = κατεναντίον, and glosses nothing itself
φοβέομαι (GEN 3:10) φοβέω MorphGNT's middle, filed under the active
ἔχθρα (GEN 3:15) ἔχθρη the entry is headed with the Ionic spelling
δειλινός (GEN 3:8) δειελινός a cross-reference, contr. for δειελινός
ὀρθῶς (GEN 4:7) ὀρθός the adverb, filed inside the adjective's entry
ἐννακόσιοι (GEN 5:5) ἐνακόσιοι the later spelling; the entry is headed with the earlier
ἐκλέγομαι, εἰσπορεύομαι, θυμόομαι (GEN 6) ἐκλέγω, εἰσπορεύω, θυμόω MorphGNT's middles, filed under the active
ἐπιμελῶς (GEN 6:5) ἐπιμελής the adverb, filed inside the adjective's entry
ἐναντίον (GEN 6:8) ἐναντίος the entry is a bare cross-reference, adverb v. ἐναντίος
νοσσιά (GEN 6:14) νεοσσιά the contracted spelling; the entry is headed with the full one
κατάγαιος (GEN 6:16) κατάγειος a cross-reference, ionic for κατάγειος
μήν, the month (GEN 7:11) μείς Middle Liddell's μήν is the particle, verily; the month is filed under its nominative μείς
ἀνοίγω (GEN 7:11) ἀνοίγνυμι the -νυμι form heads the entry
σφοδρῶς (GEN 7:19) σφοδρός the adverb, filed inside the adjective's entry
μιμνήσκομαι (GEN 8:1) μιμνήσκω MorphGNT's middle, filed under the active
διατίθεμαι (GEN 9:17) διατίθημι likewise
κυνηγός (GEN 10:9) κυναγός the entry is headed with the Doric and Attic spelling
πλησίον, ἐνώπιον (GEN 11:3, 11:28) πλησίος, ἐνώπιος the adverb, filed inside the adjective's entry
καθάπερ (GEN 12:4) καθά filed inside the entry for καθά
ἔρημος (GEN 12:9) ἐρῆμος the entry is headed with the Attic accent
περιποιέομαι (GEN 12:12) περιποιέω MorphGNT's middle, filed under the active
ἐνευλογέω (GEN 12:3) ἐνευλογέομαι the entry is headed with the passive
βορρᾶς (GEN 13:14) Βορέας the contracted Attic form, filed under the uncontracted
τερέμινθος (GEN 14:6) τέρμινθος the spelling Rahlfs prints; the entry is headed τέρμινθος
παραγίνομαι (GEN 14:13) παραγίγνομαι the Attic spelling
δεκάτη (GEN 14:20) δέκατος cross-reference; "v. δέκατος II." glosses nothing

The dictionary form itself does not follow the lexicon's filing: it keeps the spelling the text prints — γίνομαι, ἔχθρα, νοσσιά, δειλινός, κατέναντι, ἐννακόσιοι, κατάγαιος, τεσσαράκοντα — and this table finds its entry. Only the form is the dictionary's: ὀστοῦν goes under ὀστέον. GEN 5 first filed ἐννακόσιοι under ἐνακόσιοι itself; the second pass of GEN 6 showed that at odds with every filing before it. The brief's rule was then worded as a word the New Testament uses takes MorphGNT's spelling, and GEN 7's second pass, applying it, filed τεσσαράκοντα under SBLGNT's τεσσεράκοντα: MorphGNT had only ever agreed with the text's spelling, never decided it.

Where Middle Liddell has no entry a word can be found under, LSJ supplies the senses (LSJ in build/words.py): σύ, φλόγινος (GEN 3); ποιμήν — Middle Liddell has only the Doric ποιμάν, doric for ποιμήν, pointing at an entry it lacks — ψαλτήριον, μώλωψ and ἑβδομηκοντάκις (GEN 4). One word is in neither: σφυροκόπος (GEN 4:22), for which LSJ has only the verb σφυροκοπέω. With no lexicon sense to head it, it stands as plain text, a hammer-beater, and the note says why.

GEN 5 adds εὐαρεστέω, which Middle Liddell lacks, and the active διαναπαύω: Middle Liddell has only the middle, διαναπαύομαι, to rest awhile, and 5:29 διαναπαύσει ἡμᾶς is transitive. It also adds two numerals whose Middle Liddell entries, like ὀστέον's, tag no translation at all — Lat. octo, eight; Lat. tres, tria, three — so ὀκτώ and τρεῖς take LSJ's, which files τρεῖς under its neuter, τρία.

The last is the same shape as ἁγιάζω in LSJ (= ἁγίζω): an entry that exists, carries no translation, and names the entry that does. Following it is not interpretation — the lexicon is saying where the word is defined.

GEN 6 adds ἀσφαλτόω and διώροφος from LSJ, each with one sense and each citing the verse. GEN 9 adds ὀπισθοφανής, seen from behind, and its adverb ὀπισθοφανῶς, backwards, both citing 9:23. GEN 12 adds ἐγγίζω, ἐνισχύω, and ἐτασμός, which LSJ defines only by the entry before it, ἔτασις, trial, affliction. GEN 14 adds ἁλυκός, salt, brackish; ἀποσκευή, whose removal, riddance comes before baggage; σφαιρωτήρ, thong, latchet; and περάτης, which opens "= πορθμεύς", so that πορθμεύς's LSJ senses, ferryman, boatman, seaman, conveyer, stand before its own wanderer, emigrant, as ἁγίζω's stand for ἁγιάζω.

GEN 9 also files ἐμεθύσθη under μεθύσκω, to make drunk, where Middle Liddell gives its aorist passive, though MorphGNT files the same form under μεθύω, to be drunk.

Where a deponent is filed under its active, the entry's opening gloss is usually the active one and the form in the text is not. That is the ἄρχω and βρέχω situation again, and it is settled the same way: by name, per lemma, with the entry's own voice labels quoted.

Each entry below records the lexicon sense its headword came from.

The chain rules

  • A chain is the whole range. Lexical range, plus aspect where the aspect belongs to the word itself. The headword may repeat inside it — it is the chain's first sense.
  • No filler and no commentary. A point about the text — that John is quoting Genesis, that ἐγένετο is the verb withheld from the Logos — goes in the notes.
  • The headword never stands bare in the unanchored panel, as plain text outside its unit.
  • No em dashes inside a chain. Em dashes delimit chains in the anchored panel.
  • Words with no chain are plain text, identical in both panels: ὕδωρ (the water), a supplied copula, ἦν's aspect expansion, ἐπάνω.
  • short marks the reduced form used when a word is restated rather than introduced. John 1:2 restates John 1:1 and takes the short forms.
  • No reverential capitals. A pronoun standing for God is lowercase — he who is God definitively, the one the article marks out, facing him. The manuscripts have no lower case, so the capital is always the editor's. God itself keeps its capital, as the lexicon prints it.

Prepositions and particles

ἐν (with ἀρχή)

Not its own unit so far: ἐν ἀρχῇ is one unit, and ἐν's chain opens the ἀρχή chain (see ἀρχή). Middle Liddell's first sense: in, among (with the dative) → in.

  • link: within, inside of, and by means of
  • used: GEN 1:1, JHN 1:1, JHN 1:2

Locative, instrumental, and sphere-of-operation senses are all live and none is chosen. Fixed; it does not reduce in restatement.

πρός + accusative

  • headword: towards the God — Middle Liddell's accusative block opens at its 53rd sense group, towards, to; the static with first appears at the 66th. τὸν θεόν is articular.
  • chain (full): toward the God, facing him, oriented to him, in living motion and address toward him, held face to face in a nearness that never collapses into sameness
  • short: facing, oriented toward, and in living address toward the God
  • used: JHN 1:1 (full), JHN 1:2 (short)

Directional, never static. Note in the apparatus wherever παρά / μετά / σύν were available and not used. The lexicon rule removes with from the headword as well as the chain.

παρά + genitive

  • headword: from the side of God — Middle Liddell, first sense with the genitive: from the side of. θεοῦ is anarthrous.
  • chain: from alongside and from the side of God
  • used: JHN 1:6

δέ

  • headword: but — Middle Liddell, first sense.
  • chain: but, however, whereas, on the other hand
  • used: GEN 1:2

Soft adversative. Never rendered with the force of ἀλλά.

ἐπάνω — plain text

upon, over, and atop (full) / over and atop (short). No unit. GEN 1:2, twice: full at the abyss, short at the water.

ἀπό + genitive

  • headword: from — Middle Liddell, first sense with the genitive: from, away from.
  • chain: from, away from, far from, apart from
  • used: GEN 2:2, GEN 2:3

Separation, not source. Resting ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων is a standing apart from the works.

ὅτι

  • headword: that — the conjunction; the lexicon prints two entries under this spelling and this is the second (see Homographs above). First sense that.
  • chain: that, seeing that, although, for that, because, inasmuch as
  • used: GEN 2:3

Both the that of reported speech and the because the sense wants; neither is chosen.

ὅτε

  • headword: when — Middle Liddell, first sense.
  • chain: when, sometimes
  • used: GEN 2:4

Ordinals — plain text

the sixth, the seventh. No unit: Middle Liddell gives ἕκτος one sense, sixth, and ἕβδομος seventh, so there is no range to open and a unit would only repeat the headword. GEN 2:2, GEN 2:3.

πρό + genitive

  • headword: before — Middle Liddell, first sense before.
  • chain: before, in front of, further on, sooner, rather than
  • used: GEN 2:5, twice, both with the articular infinitive (πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι, πρὸ τοῦ ἀνατεῖλαι)

ἐπί

  • headword: upon — Middle Liddell, first sense on, upon.
  • chain: upon, on, in, at, near
  • used: GEN 2:5, twice — with the genitive (ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς) and with the accusative (ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν)

The entry opens with one heading for all three cases, and its tagged translations do not separate them, so the case cannot be read off the lexicon the way it can for πρός and παρά. One chain serves both, and the case is recorded here rather than guessed at in the text.

ἐκ + genitive

  • headword: out of — Middle Liddell, first sense out of, from.
  • chain: out of, forth from, from
  • used: GEN 2:6

εἰς + accusative

  • headword: into — Middle Liddell, first sense into, to.
  • chain: into, to, in, rest in
  • used: GEN 2:7, twice — of place (εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον) and of result (εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν); GEN 2:9, twice; GEN 2:10

ἐν — joined to its object

ἐν is never a unit by itself. It joins its object, as in ἐν ἀρχῇ:

  • ἐν μέσῳ (GEN 2:9) — headword in middle; chain within, inside of, and by means of the middle, in the middle, the centre, mid, between two.
  • ἐν Εδεμ (GEN 2:8) — the object is a proper name, which carries its own marker, so ἐν stands as plain text in and opens no chain.

A one-word anchor in is unusable in any case: validate.py would find it inside the fixed aorist formula, not a process observed in progress, and refuse it as a bare headword.

κατά

  • headword: down — Middle Liddell, first sense down, downwards.
  • chain: down, downwards, down from, down upon, over, upon
  • used: GEN 2:8, GEN 2:18, GEN 5:1, GEN 5:3 (twice)

Like ἐπί, the entry heads all its cases together and its tagged translations do not separate them. κατὰ ἀνατολάς is the idiom eastward, which the first sense does not give; the note records the idiom and the reading prints the lexicon. κατʼ εἰκόνα at GEN 5:1 and κατὰ τὴν ἰδέαν at 5:3 are according to, and are settled the same way.

Adverbs of place — ἐκεῖ, ἐκεῖθεν

  • ἐκεῖ — headword there; chain there, in that place. GEN 2:8, 2:11, 2:12.
  • ἐκεῖθεν — headword from that place; chain from that place, thence, thereafter, next. GEN 2:10.

ἔτι

  • headword: yet — Middle Liddell, first sense yet, as yet, still.
  • chain: yet, as yet, still, further, besides, moreover
  • used: GEN 2:9

κατέναντι

  • headword: over against — the entry carries no translation of its own, reading κατέναντι = κατεναντίον; the senses are that entry's, over against, opposite, before.
  • chain: over against, opposite, before
  • used: GEN 2:14

Ordinals, continued — plain text

the second, the third, the fourth (GEN 2:13, 2:14) and four (τέσσαρες, GEN 2:10), on the same ground as the sixth and the seventh: one sense each, so no range to open.

ἵνα

  • headword: that — used as a conjunction, so the first conjunction sense, that, in order that; the entry's first sense is the adverb of place, there, where.
  • chain: that, in order that
  • used: GEN 3:3 (ἵνα μή, with not as plain text)

οὐδέ

  • headword: but not — Middle Liddell, first sense, but not, answering to μέν.
  • chain: but not, and not, nor, not even, not at all
  • used: GEN 3:3

μήποτε

  • headword: that at no time — used as a conjunction, so sense II, that at no time, lest ever; sense I is the adverb, never, on no account.
  • chain: that at no time, lest ever, never, on no account, perhaps
  • used: GEN 3:22

ὡς

  • headword: as — the relative, sense A.II. The entry opens with the accented demonstrative ὥς, so, thus, a different word, and those glosses are skipped by name.
  • chain: as, according as, considering, like
  • used: GEN 3:5, GEN 3:22

ἕως + genitive

  • headword: until — Middle Liddell, first sense until, till. The entry itself cites ἕως with the articular infinitive, ἕως τοῦ ἀποτῖσαι, the construction of GEN 3:19.
  • chain: until, till, while, so long as
  • used: GEN 3:19

ἀνά — joined to its object

  • ἀνὰ μέσον (GEN 3:15, four times) — headword up to middle; chain up to, up along, and throughout the middle, in the middle, the centre, mid, between two. ἀνά with the accusative: the entry describes that case as motion upwards, which glosses nothing and is skipped by name, and its first translation is up to, up along. The pair is the idiom between, recorded in the verse's note, as κατὰ ἀνατολάς was.

μετά + genitive

  • headword: in the midst of — Middle Liddell, first sense with the genitive, in the midst of, among; along with is the second and with the third. Perseus's opening summary, in the midst of, among with gen., dat., and acc., is skipped by name.
  • chain: in the midst of, among, in common, along with, with, by means of
  • used: GEN 3:6, GEN 3:12, with the pronoun as plain text

ἀπέναντι

  • headword: opposite — Middle Liddell, one sense, opposite, against, c. gen.
  • chain: opposite, against
  • used: GEN 3:24

ποῦ

  • headword: wherewhere? first; how? by what right? second.
  • chain: where, at what point, how, by what right
  • used: GEN 3:9

ἰδού

  • headword: lo — Middle Liddell, first sense lo! behold! see there!
  • chain: lo, behold, see there
  • used: GEN 3:22

Plain text — small words and single senses

  • μή — not, like οὐ; οὐ μή — no, not (GEN 3:1).
  • τί in τί ὅτι and τί τοῦτο — why (GEN 3:1, 3:13).
  • καί as alsoalso (GEN 3:6).
  • ἑαυτοῖς — for themselves (GEN 3:7).
  • ἐπικατάρατος — yet more accursed: Middle Liddell's one sense (GEN 3:14, 3:17, 4:11).
  • τὸ δειλινόν — at evening: filed under δειελινός, one sense (GEN 3:8).
  • One sense each in GEN 4, so plain text: πρωτότοκος the first-born (4:4), περίλυπος deeply grieved (4:6), σήμερον to-day (4:14), ἑπτά seven and ἑπτάκις seven times (4:15, 4:24), ἑβδομηκοντάκις seventy times (4:24, LSJ), ἀδελφή sister (4:22), νεανίσκος a youth and ἐνωτίζομαι hearken to (4:23), υἱός son (4:17, 4:25, 4:26 — Middle Liddell's A son and a son are one sense).
  • σφυροκόπος — a hammer-beater: in no lexicon here (4:22).
  • εἰ, ἐάν — if; τί in ἵνα τί — what (4:6); ἐν τῷ εἶναι — in the being of (4:8).
  • εἰμί with a participle (ἦν ἐργαζόμενος, 4:2; ἦν οἰκοδομῶν, 4:17) — was, and kept on being, before the participle's unit, the imperfect formula of 2:5 in short.
  • One sense each in GEN 5, so plain text: every numeral — two hundred, thirty, a hundred, nine hundred and the rest (the Thirty, the Forty, the Three Hundred name bodies of men, not further senses of the number) — with ὀκτώ eight and τρεῖς three from LSJ; ἔτος years, of years; υἱός sons, a son; θυγάτηρ daughters. δέκα πέντε (5:10), printed as two words, is fifteen, and the note says so.
  • εἰμί of age (ἦν Νωε ἐτῶν πεντακοσίων, 5:32) — the state formula of GEN 1:2 in full.
  • τὸ before an infinitive (μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι, 5:4 and after) — not printed, as with τοῦ at 2:5.
  • GEN 6: ἄν and ἐάν after a relative or ὡς — ever (6:4, 6:17), as ἄν was at 2:17; the reflexives — for themselves (6:2, 6:4), for yourself, yourself (6:14, 6:19, 6:21); εἰμί — are (6:2), being (6:9), is and may be (6:17), will be (6:3, 6:19), it will be (6:21), and ἦσαν were, and kept on being, (6:4), the short formula, since the full one's as would stand beside ὡς's headword; δύο δύο — two two (6:19, 6:20).
  • One sense each in GEN 6, so plain text: ἀσφαλτόω you will smear with pitch (6:14, LSJ); διώροφος with two roofs or stories (LSJ) and τριώροφος of three stories or floors (6:16); εἴκοσι twenty; θυγάτηρ daughters; υἱός sons.
  • One sense each in GEN 7, so plain text: διατρέφω to sustain continually (7:3); ἑξακοσιοστός six hundredth (7:11, LSJ); μείς month; εἰκάς twentieth, the twentieth day of the month (7:11); ἡ ξηρά the dry land (7:22), the noun sense of ξηρός; ἐπάνω without a genitive — upon, over, and atop (7:20), and with one over and atop (7:18), the forms of GEN 1:2; ὕδωρ, the water, of water (7:6–24); ἐν τῷ ἑξακοσιοστῷ ἔτει — in the six hundredth year (7:11), ἐν joined to plain words as at 2:8.
  • One sense each in GEN 8, so plain text: ἐλαττονόω was being diminished (8:3, 8:5, LSJ); θυρίς the window (8:6); θυσιαστήριον an altar, the altar (8:20); εὐωδία of a sweet smell (8:21). Ordinals stay plain as at 2:13 and 4:19, though δέκατος and πρῶτος have further senses, a tithe, foremost: the tenth, the eleventh, the first (8:5, 8:13), and month.
  • ὁλοκάρπωσις — whole burnt-offerings (8:20): in neither Middle Liddell nor LSJ, which has only the verb ὁλοκαρπόομαι, to be offered as a whole burnt-offering. Plain text, as σφυροκόπος.
  • εἷς as a numeral: ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ ἑξακοσιοστῷ ἔτει — in the [[one]] and six hundredth year (8:13); μιᾷ τοῦ μηνός — [[one]] of the month, the chain of GEN 2:21.
  • One sense each in GEN 9, so plain text: κατακυριεύω gain dominion over (9:1); ἀμπελών a vineyard (9:20); οἶνος of the wine (9:21, 9:24), once beer, Middle Liddell's piece of barley-wine, a kind of beer, is left out; εὐλογητός blessed (9:26); ἐπικατάρατος yet more accursed, as at 3:14 (9:25); ὀπισθοφανῶς backwards (9:23, LSJ); numerals and years (9:28, 9:29).
  • καὶ γάρ — also for (9:5): καί as also, γάρ plain as at 2:5.
  • τὸ ὑμέτερον αἷμα — the [[your]] [[blood]] (9:5): the article plain before the adjective's unit, as before τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν at 8:11.
  • ἦν of a standing relation (Χαμ ἦν πατὴρ Χανααν, 9:18) — the state formula of 1:2 in full; ἦσαν opening the verse — were, and kept on being, as at 6:4.

διά + genitive

  • headword: through — Middle Liddell, with the genitive, in a line, through, right through; Perseus's opening summary is skipped by name.
  • chain: through, right through, by means of, by the agency of
  • used: GEN 4:1 (διὰ τοῦ θεοῦ)

μετά + accusative

  • headword: into the middle of — the first translation for the accusative; after, of time, comes later.
  • chain: into the middle of, coming among, in pursuit and quest of, after
  • used: GEN 4:3 (μεθʼ ἡμέρας)

ὀρθῶς, οὕτως, λίαν

  • ὀρθῶς — headword straight; chain straight, uprightly, rightly, truly and correctly, justly. The adverb of ὀρθός, whose first sense is straight. GEN 4:7.
  • οὕτως — headword in this way; chain in this way, in this manner, so, thus, even so, so much. GEN 4:15.
  • λίαν — headword very; chain very, exceedingly, very much, overmuch. GEN 4:5.

Small words new in GEN 6

  • ἡνίκα — headword at which time; chain at which time, when, since, whenever. 6:1.
  • διά + accusative — headword through, the entry's first translation for that case; chain through, throughout and over, during, by aid of and by means of, by reason of, because of, for the sake of. 6:3, with the articular infinitive.
  • ἐναντίον + genitive — headword in the presence of, the neuter used as a preposition inside the entry for ἐναντίος; chain in the presence of, before, opposite and face to face, against. 6:8, 6:11, 6:13.
  • ὑποκάτω — headword below; chain below, under. 6:17.
  • ὅσος — headword as great as, after Perseus's Latin quantus, left out; chain as great as, as much as, as far as, as long as, as many as. 6:17, 6:22.
  • οὖν — headword really; chain really, at all events, surely, so, then and therefore. 6:14.
  • τις — headword any one; chain any one, some one, many a one, each one, every man. 6:5.
  • ἐπιμελῶς — headword carefully, the adverb of ἐπιμελής, careful; chain carefully, anxiously, attentively. 6:5.
  • ἔσωθεν, ἔξωθεν, ἄνωθεν — from within / from within, within; from without / from without, outside, without and free from; from above / from above, from on high, from the upper country, above and on high, from the beginning, by descent, over again and anew. 6:14, 6:16.
  • ἐκεῖνος — those, that, to those / those, the ones there, the more remote, in the form: the chain of GEN 2:12. 6:4, 6:21.
  • καθά — headword according as; chain according as, just as, like as if, exactly as. 7:9, 7:16.
  • ἔτι — headword yet, the chain of GEN 2:9. 7:4.
  • σφόδρα, σφοδρῶς — very / very, very much, exceedingly, violently, far, most certainly; vehemently / vehemently, violently, excessively, impetuously, strongly and robustly, the adverb of σφοδρός, vehement. 7:18, 7:19.
  • ἔξωθεν with a genitive — from without, the chain of GEN 6:14. 7:16.

Small words new in GEN 9

  • πλήν without a genitive — headword but, the entry's first sense as an adverb; more than, except, save are the preposition's, with the genitive, and stand last; chain but, than, much like, only not, except that, save that, except, save so far as, more than, save, short of. 9:4.
  • ὥστε with the infinitive — headword so as to, the first conjunction sense; chain so as to, as to, on the condition that, and so and therefore and consequently, as and as being, since it was. 9:15.
  • ἀντί + genitive — headword over against, sense 0, over against, opposite; Perseus's summary and the senses IN COMPOS. are skipped by name; chain over against, opposite, instead and in the place of, as good as and equal to, at the price of and for, for the sake of, set against and compared with. 9:6, and 2:21 and 4:25, whose chain first stopped at as good as, the fifth of the senses a word card shows.
  • ὑπό + accusative — headword towards and under, the entry's first translation for that case; chain towards and under, under and into, under and before, under, in subjection, towards, about, about the time, to a certain degree and in some measure. 9:2, ὑπὸ χεῖρας.
  • ἔξω without a genitive — headword out; chain out, out of, outside, without, foreign, clear of, beyond and over, but and except. 9:22.
  • ὑμέτερος — headword your; chain your, yours, your part and your business, your character. 9:5.
  • ἐν with an articular infinitive — ἐν τῷ συννεφεῖν με — in the collecting clouds / within, inside of, and by means of the collecting clouds, the being cloudy, the wearing a clouded look, then of me (9:14): joined, as ἐν always is, with the infinitive's subject in the genitive's English, as at 4:8.
  • τοῦ with an infinitive (τοῦ καταφθεῖραι 9:11, τοῦ μνησθῆναι 9:16) — not printed, as at 2:5.

Small words new in GEN 10

  • ὅθεν — headword from whom: Perseus leaves the entry's first gloss, whence, from which, untagged, and the first it tags is from whom; chain from whom, from whatever source and in what manner soever, where, whence and wherefore. 10:14.
  • ἕως before an infinitive with no article (ἕως ἐλθεῖν, 10:19, 10:30) — until, the chain of GEN 3:19; ἕως Λασα (10:19) the same.
  • ἕκαστος — headword every; chain every, every one, each, each one, all and each one, singly and by itself, each by himself. 10:5.
  • καί as also (καὶ αὐτῷ, 10:21) — also, plain, as at 3:6.
  • One sense each in GEN 10, so plain text: νῆσος islands (10:5, 10:32), once the etymology to swim, floating land is left out; πρωτότοκος first-born (10:15), as at 4:4; κατοίκησις the settling in (10:30); δύο two; υἱός sons.
  • The article before a people's name (τοὺς Λουδιιμ, τὸν Χετταῖον, τῶν Χαναναίων) is not printed, as before a person's name.

Small words new in GEN 14

  • πρός + dative — headword hard by, the entry's first sense for that case; chain hard by, near, at, on, in, among, close to, before and in the presence of, upon and against, employed in, in addition to and besides. 14:13.
  • πλήν with a genitive — headword more than, the preposition's first sense; chain more than, except, save, short of, save in respect, but, than, much like, only not, except that, save that, save so far as, the adverb's senses after. 14:24.
  • ἅμα with a dative — headword at the same time with, the preposition's sense; chain at the same time with, together with, at once, at the same time. 14:5.
  • ὕψιστος — headword highest; chain highest, loftiest, one sense of two glosses, after a plain the for the article. 14:18–22.
  • ἐν ἀριστερᾷ — headword in left, the chain of 13:9 after ἐν. 14:15.
  • τὸ before an infinitive (μετὰ τὸ ἀναστρέψαι) — not printed, as at 5:4. 14:17.
  • A dative after a preposition other than ἐν keeps its to, as at 12:8: hard by to the tree (14:13). A name in the dative with no article of its own takes to as a pronoun does: to Abram (14:13).
  • ἔφυγον, ἔλαβον, ἀπῆλθον, ἔφαγον — first singular or third plural by form; the headword says they, as at 3:6. 14:10, 14:11, 14:12, 14:24.
  • σεαυτῷ — for yourself, as at 6:14. 14:21.
  • One sense each in GEN 14, so plain text: the numerals twelve, thirteenth, fourteenth, three hundred, ten, eight, four, five, with ἔτος years, year; αἰχμαλωτεύω has been taken prisoner and stands taken prisoner, the perfect's standing state (14:14); καταδιώκω pursued closely (14:14); συνάντησις a meeting (14:17); οἶνος wine (14:18); εὐλογητός blessed (14:20); σπαρτίον of a small cord (14:23); νεανίσκος the youths (14:24).

Small words new in GEN 13

  • ὅθεν — from whom, the chain of 10:14. 13:3.
  • οὗ, wherewhere, plain, as at 2:11. 13:3, 13:4, 13:14.
  • τὸ πρότερον — headword the before, the entry's first sense, with the article Rahlfs prints; chain the before, the in front and forward, the former and sooner, the elder, the above and superior, the earlierbefore, sooner, earlier is the neuter as an adverb, the verse's use. Middle Liddell files the superlative πρῶτος inside the entry, and its senses are left out. 13:3.
  • ἅμα with no dative — headword at once; chain at once, at the same time, at the same time with and together with. 13:6.
  • ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ — up to middle and then of me and of you, as at 9:12. 13:8.
  • ἑαυτῷ after the middle ἐξελέξατο — for himself, plain, after the middle's own for himself, so the reading has it twice. 13:11.
  • παρά + accusative — headword to the side of, the entry's first sense for that case; chain to the side of, motion alongside of, to, beside and near and by, passing by, beyond, contrary to and against, beside and except, on account of and because of and by means of, along the whole course of and during. 13:18.
  • εἰμί — ἦν with a dative of possession, was, plain, as at 11:3 and 12:20 (13:5); ἦν of place or state, the formula of GEN 1:2 in full (13:3, 13:6, 13:18); ἦν with a participle, was, and kept on being, (13:10), where ὡς is a headword as well; ἔστω let be, ἐσμεν we are (13:8); ἐστιν is (13:9); εἶ are (13:14).
  • One sense each in GEN 13, so plain text: διαχωρίζω be separated, were separated, to be separated (13:9, 13:11, 13:14); λίψ south-west wind, Middle Liddell's the SW. wind with the abbreviation written out (13:14); διοδεύω travel through (13:17), as at 12:6; ἀποσκηνόω having kept apart from (13:18), whose second sense is only = ἀποσκηνέω, with no translation; θυσιαστήριον of the altar, an altar (13:4, 13:18).

Small words new in GEN 12

  • καθάπερ — according as, the chain of καθά at 7:9, inside whose entry it is filed. 12:4.
  • τότε — headword at that time; chain at that time, then, in those times and formerly, at one time. 12:6.
  • ὅπως with ἄν — headword that, the first conjunction sense; chain that, in order that, as and in such manner as, how and in what manner. 12:13.
  • εὖ — headword well; chain well, luckily, happily, well off. 12:13, 12:16.
  • ἕνεκεν — on account of, the chain of 2:24; περί + genitive — headword round about, the entry's first sense for that case; chain round about, around, about and near, about and for and on account of, about and concerning, for very. 12:13, 12:17, 12:20.
  • τί τοῦτο — why this, as at 3:13; ἵνα τί — that what, as at 4:6. 12:18, 12:19.
  • ἐμαυτῷ — for myself, plain, as the reflexives are. 12:19.
  • One sense each in GEN 12, so plain text: εὐλογητός blessed (12:2); ἐνευλογέομαι will be blessed in (12:3), followed by the Greek's own ἐν σοί, in you; διοδεύω travelled through (12:6); συμπροπέμπω to join in escorting (12:20); θυσιαστήριον an altar (12:7, 12:8); ἀδελφή sister (12:13, 12:19).

Small words new in GEN 11

  • δεῦτε — headword hither; chain hither, come on, come here: one sense holding three glosses, a unit as ἐμφυσάω's was. 11:3, 11:4, 11:7.
  • πλησίον with the article, the neighbourheadword to the neighbour · of the neighbour, the first noun sense inside πλησίος; chain to the neighbour, to the one near and close to and neighbouring, to the one nigh and hard by, to one's neighbour, in the case. 11:3, 11:7.
  • ἐνώπιον — face to face, plain: the one translation ἐνώπιος is given; the preposition, like Lat. coram, has none. 11:28.
  • νῦν — headword now; chain now, even now, just now, as at 2:23. 11:6.
  • ἵνα — that, the chain of 3:3; ὅτε — when, the chain of 2:4. 11:7, 11:10.
  • οὗ, whose (11:4) — of which, plain, as other relatives.
  • ᾗ with no preposition (11:28) — in which, plain, as at 5:1.
  • One sense each in GEN 11, so plain text: πλίνθος bricks, the brick (11:3); τεκνοποιέω was bearing children, the active's one sense (11:30); ἐνώπιον face to face (11:28); θυγάτηρ daughter; the numerals and years; δεύτερος second (11:10), with no article, as the Greek has none.
  • The short imperfect, was, and kept on being,, at 11:1, where the full formula's one would stand beside εἷς's headword.

Divine designations

ὁ θεός — articular

  • headword: the God — Middle Liddell, first sense God; articular, so the.
  • chain: he who is God definitively, the one the article marks out, the known and the only
  • used: GEN 1:1

Lowercase pronouns; the notes say why (GEN 1:1, Capitals).

θεός — anarthrous, qualitative predicate

  • headword: the word was God — the whole clause θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος: λόγος the word (articular), εἰμί was (imperfect), θεός God (anarthrous); English subject first.
  • chain: everything that God is by nature, deity in full and undiminished kind, was what that utterance was
  • used: JHN 1:1

The fronted anarthrous predicate restructures the clause, so the unit is the clause. The chain must say what the subject is by nature without asserting identity of person and without indefiniteness. Flag the fronting in the notes every time it occurs.

θεοῦ — anarthrous genitive

  • headword: of God — genitive; Middle Liddell God; anarthrous.
  • chain: God's own, divine in character
  • used: GEN 1:2 (πνεῦμα θεοῦ — its own unit, after πνεῦμα)

τὸν θεόν — accusative under πρός

Rendered the God in the πρός headword and chain. The article is carried into English against normal usage, because John 1:1c turns on articular τὸν θεόν against anarthrous θεός.

κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ — genitive

  • of lord / of lord, of master, of the one having power and authority over
  • of the God / of him who is God definitively, of the one the article marks out, of the known and the only
  • used: GEN 3:8, twice

The nominative chains, in the genitive.

θεοί — plural, anarthrous

  • headword: gods — Middle Liddell's first sense is God; its second, a god, is the one a plural can take, lower case as the lexicon prints it.
  • chain: gods, the gods, goddesses
  • used: GEN 3:5 (ὡς θεοί)

Verbs

εἰμί — imperfect ἦν — plain text

No unit: the expansion is "was", expanded. It reads identically in both panels. Two settled forms, not interchangeable:

  • state of a creature (GEN 1:2): was, and kept on being as a standing and continuing condition and not a momentary one
  • pre-existence, against ἐγένετο (JHN 1:1a): there was, and was continuously, and was already in unbroken existence without any point of having come to be
    • JHN 1:1b, before πρός: was and remained
    • short (JHN 1:2): was — continuously, and without any point of having come to be —

The second form is required anywhere the ἦν / ἐγένετο contrast is in play. Never flatten either to was.

γίνομαι — aorist ἐγένετο

  • headword: came into being — Middle Liddell (filed under Attic γίγνομαι), sense I: Radical sense, to come into being; aorist middle, 3rd singular. No there: the Greek has none.
  • chain: there came to be, there arose, there was brought into existence
  • used: JHN 1:6

The verb withheld from the Logos in JHN 1:1–2. Wherever it stands against ἦν in the same context, say so in the notes.

ποιέω — aorist

  • headword: made — Middle Liddell, first sense to make; aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: fashioned, wrought, manufactured, produced, performed, and brought to a finished and accomplished state
  • used: GEN 1:1

Followed by the aorist formula as plain text: — one completed act seen whole, not a process observed in progress —. The formula is grammar, not definition, so it sits outside the chain.

ἐπιφέρω — imperfect middle/passive

  • headword: was being brought upon — Middle Liddell's first sense is to bring, put, or lay upon, which Perseus's markup splits into separate translations (to bring, put · lay upon). Imperfect middle/passive, 3rd singular — one form in this tense — read passive, as the note reads it (to be borne upon).
  • chain: was being borne along, carried over, swept upon, brought continuously to bear
  • used: GEN 1:2

ἀποστέλλω — perfect passive participle

  • headword: sent off — Middle Liddell, first sense to send off; perfect passive participle.
  • chain: one sent off, dispatched, and commissioned on another's authority
  • used: JHN 1:6

Perfect — a standing status, not a past errand.

συντελέω — aorist

  • headword: were brought quite to an end (aorist passive, 3rd plural, GEN 2:1) / brought quite to an end (aorist active, 3rd singular, GEN 2:2) — Middle Liddell, first sense to bring quite to an end, complete, accomplish.
  • chain (passive): were brought quite to an end, were completed, were accomplished, were made up into the whole and into the number
  • chain (active): brought quite to an end, completed, accomplished, made up into the whole and into the number
  • used: GEN 2:1, GEN 2:2

The make up the whole / make up the number senses are the lexicon's second and third and stay in the chain: finishing here is also completing a count.

καταπαύω — aorist

  • headword: laid to rest — Middle Liddell, first sense to lay to rest, put an end to; aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain (full): laid to rest, put an end to, made to cease, stopped and kept in check, put down
  • short: laid to rest, put an end to, made to cease
  • used: GEN 2:2 (full), GEN 2:3 (short)

Transitive in the lexicon's first sense, where English rested is intransitive. The range runs as far as kill, which the chain does not carry; the note says so instead.

εὐλογέω — aorist

  • headword: spoke well of — Middle Liddell, first sense to speak well of, praise, honour; aorist active, 3rd singular. Rahlfs prints the augment ηὐ-.
  • chain: spoke well of, praised, honoured, blessed
  • used: GEN 2:3

Blessed is the entry's fourth gloss and comes last in the chain for that reason.

ἁγιάζω — aorist

  • headword: hallowed — no Middle Liddell entry; LSJ gives the word no gloss of its own either, reading = ἁγίζω and citing this verse, so the sense is ἁγίζω's, hallow, make sacred. Aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: hallowed, made sacred
  • used: GEN 2:3

ἄρχω — aorist middle

  • headword: began — Middle Liddell's first numbered sense, to begin, make a beginning, marked "both in Act. and Mid."; aorist middle, 3rd singular. Perseus's opening gloss in pass. sense:— to be first belongs to the passive alone and is skipped by name in NOT_SENSES (see the headword rule above).
  • chain: began, made a beginning, made a beginning of, began from
  • used: GEN 2:3

ποιέω — aorist infinitive

  • headword: to make — the same entry as the indicative above, in the infinitive.
  • chain: to make, to do, to produce, to create
  • used: GEN 2:3 (ποιῆσαι, after ἤρξατο)

γίνομαι — aorist infinitive

  • headword: to come into being — the same entry as the indicative, in the infinitive.
  • chain: to come to be, to arise, to be brought into existence
  • used: GEN 2:5 (γενέσθαι, under πρὸ τοῦ)

ἀνατέλλω — aorist infinitive

  • headword: to make to rise up — Middle Liddell, first sense to make to rise up.
  • chain: to make to rise up, to grow up, to give birth to and bring to light, to rise, to take its rise, to grow
  • used: GEN 2:5 (ἀνατεῖλαι, under πρὸ τοῦ)

Transitive first, intransitive later, and the LXX uses it intransitively of the plant.

βρέχω — aorist

  • headword: rained — Middle Liddell's second sense, to rain, send rain, which the entry marks as New Testament usage. Every translation Perseus tags in the first sense stands inside that sense's :—Pass. clause, and its active gloss (to wet, Lat. rigo) is never tagged at all, so the passive glosses are skipped by name in NOT_SENSES — the same treatment as ἄρχω, for the same reason. Aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: rained, sent rain
  • used: GEN 2:5

ἐργάζομαι — present infinitive

  • headword: to work — Middle Liddell, first sense to work, labour.
  • chain: to work, to labour, to work at and make and build, to do and perform and accomplish, to work the land, to earn by working
  • used: GEN 2:5

ἀναβαίνω — imperfect

  • headword: was going up — Middle Liddell, first sense to go up, mount; imperfect active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: was going up, was mounting, was going up to, was embarking
  • used: GEN 2:6

ποτίζω — imperfect

  • headword: was giving to drink — Middle Liddell, first sense to give to drink; imperfect active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: was giving to drink, was watering, was watering the cattle
  • used: GEN 2:6

πλάσσω — aorist

  • headword: formed — Middle Liddell, first sense to form, mould, shape; aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: formed, moulded, shaped, moulded and formed by training, formed in the mind, put into a certain form
  • used: GEN 2:7

The potter's verb, Latin fingere. Not the ἐποίησεν of chapter 1.

ἐμφυσάω — aorist

  • headword: blew in — Middle Liddell gives the entry one sense and one translation, to blow in: to play the flute, where the colon marks a special application rather than a second sense. Aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: blew in, played the flute
  • used: GEN 2:7

The chain carries the flute because the lexicon does. The note explains the colon.

ζάω — present participle

  • headword: living — Middle Liddell, first sense to live; present active participle, accusative singular feminine, agreeing with ψυχήν.
  • chain: living, alive, in full life and strength, fresh, strong
  • used: GEN 2:7

φυτεύω — aorist

  • headword: planted — Middle Liddell, first sense to plant; aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: planted, planted for himself, begot, produced and brought about and caused
  • used: GEN 2:8

τίθημι — aorist middle

  • headword: set — Middle Liddell, first sense to set, put, place; aorist middle, 3rd singular.
  • chain: set, put, placed, planted, laid
  • used: GEN 2:8

ἐξανατέλλω — plain text

sprang up from. No unit: Middle Liddell gives the entry a single sense, to spring up from, so there is no range to open. The LXX uses it transitively — God made the trees spring up — where the lexicon has it intransitive; the verse's note records that. GEN 2:9.

οἶδα — perfect infinitive

  • headword: to know — Middle Liddell, first sense to know; perfect active infinitive, articular (τοῦ εἰδέναι).
  • chain: to know, to be assured, to be versed in
  • used: GEN 2:9

ἐκπορεύομαι — present

  • headword: goes out — filed under the active ἐκπορεύω, whose opening gloss, to make to go out, fetch out, is the active alone and is skipped by name; the middle glosses the entry tags next, to go out and forth, march out, are this form. Present middle, 3rd singular.
  • chain: goes out, goes forth, marches out
  • used: GEN 2:10

ἀφορίζω — present middle/passive

  • headword: is marked off by boundaries — Middle Liddell, first sense to mark off by boundaries; present, 3rd singular, one form for middle and passive.
  • chain: is marked off by boundaries, is marked off for itself, is distinguished and determined and defined, is set apart and separated
  • used: GEN 2:10

κυκλόω — present participle

  • headword: the one encircling — Middle Liddell, first sense to encircle, surround; present active participle, articular.
  • chain: the one encircling, surrounding, moving in a circle, going round
  • used: GEN 2:11, GEN 2:13

πορεύομαι — present participle

  • headword: the one being driven — filed under the active πορεύω. Sense I is marked Act. and is skipped by name; sense II is marked Pass. and Mid. and is kept whole, so its first translation, to be driven or carried, stands — the middle has a claim on it. To go, walk, march follows in the same sense group. Present middle participle, articular.
  • chain: the one being driven, being carried, going, walking, marching, going across and passing
  • used: GEN 2:14

λαμβάνω — aorist

  • headword: took — Middle Liddell, first sense to take; aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: took, received, took hold of and grasped and seized
  • used: GEN 2:15

φυλάσσω — present infinitive

  • headword: to keep watch and ward — Middle Liddell, first sense to keep watch and ward, keep guard.
  • chain: to keep watch and ward, to keep guard, to watch and guard and keep and defend
  • used: GEN 2:15

A sentry's word before it is a gardener's. The garden is given a guard, not only a keeper.

ἐντέλλομαι — aorist middle

  • headword: enjoined — filed under the active ἐντέλλω, whose single sense, to enjoin, command, is not restricted to a voice, so nothing is skipped. Aorist middle, 3rd singular.
  • chain: enjoined, commanded
  • used: GEN 2:16

λέγω

  • headword: saying (present active participle, GEN 2:16) / said (aorist, GEN 2:18). The lexicon prints three entries under this spelling: λέγω¹ to lull to sleep, λέγω² to gather, pick up, λέγω³ to say, speak. The third is the word (see Homographs).
  • chain: saying, speaking, declaring, calling by name, telling
  • used: GEN 2:16, GEN 2:18

ἐσθίω — future and aorist subjunctive

  • headword: you will eat (future middle, 2nd singular GEN 2:16, plural GEN 2:17) / you may eat (aorist subjunctive, GEN 2:17) — Middle Liddell, first sense to eat.
  • chain: you will eat, you will eat of / you may eat, you may eat of
  • used: GEN 2:16, GEN 2:17

γινώσκω — present infinitive

  • headword: to learn to know — Middle Liddell, first sense to learn to know, to perceive, mark, learn. Filed under the Attic γιγνώσκω.
  • chain: to learn to know, to perceive, to mark, to learn, to discern and distinguish
  • used: GEN 2:17

Not οἶδα. The tree is τοῦ εἰδέναι at 2:9 and τοῦ γινώσκειν at 2:17 — knowledge one has, against knowledge one comes by — and the two headwords keep the two verbs apart.

ἀποθνῄσκω — future middle

  • headword: you will die off — Middle Liddell, first sense to die off, die; future middle, 2nd plural. Perseus keys it without the iota subscript, a)poqnh/skw.
  • chain: you will die off, you will die, you will be put to death, you will be slain
  • used: GEN 2:17

ἄγω — aorist

  • headword: led — Middle Liddell, first sense to lead; aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: led, carried, conveyed, brought, marched
  • used: GEN 2:19

ὁράω — aorist infinitive

  • headword: to see — Middle Liddell, first sense to see; aorist infinitive (ἰδεῖν).
  • chain: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look at
  • used: GEN 2:19

καλέω

  • headword: he will call (future, GEN 2:19) / called (aorist, GEN 2:19, 2:20) — Middle Liddell, first sense to call, summon.
  • chain: called, summoned, called to himself, invited
  • used: GEN 2:19, GEN 2:20

εὑρίσκω — aorist passive

  • headword: was found — Middle Liddell, first sense to find; aorist passive, 3rd singular.
  • chain: was found, was found out, was discovered
  • used: GEN 2:20

A search that came to nothing, not a simple absence.

ἐπιβάλλω — aorist

  • headword: threw — Middle Liddell, first sense to throw; aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: threw, cast upon, laid on, affixed, added
  • used: GEN 2:21

ὑπνόω — aorist

  • headword: put to sleep — Middle Liddell, first sense to put to sleep, transitive and causative; to fall asleep, sleep is its second. Aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: put to sleep, fell asleep, slept
  • used: GEN 2:21

The Septuagint uses the active intransitively — and he slept. The headword keeps the lexicon's order and the verse's note carries the usage.

ἀναπληρόω — aorist

  • headword: filled up — Middle Liddell, first sense to fill up; aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: filled up, made up and supplied, filled, paid in full
  • used: GEN 2:21

Making good a deficiency — a gap in a line of troops, a debt paid in full.

οἰκοδομέω — aorist

  • headword: built a house — Middle Liddell, first sense to build a house, before the general to build. Aorist active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: built a house, built, built for himself
  • used: GEN 2:22

λαμβάνω — aorist passive

  • headword: was taken — the same entry as the active took; aorist passive, 3rd singular.
  • chain: was taken, was received, was taken hold of and seized
  • used: GEN 2:23

καλέω — future passive

  • headword: she will be called — the same entry as called; future passive, 3rd singular.
  • chain: she will be called, she will be summoned, she will be invited
  • used: GEN 2:23

καταλείπω — future

  • headword: will leave behind — Middle Liddell, first sense to leave behind; future active, 3rd singular.
  • chain: will leave behind, will leave behind him, will leave as an inheritance
  • used: GEN 2:24

προσκολλάω — future passive

  • headword: will be glued on — Middle Liddell, first sense to glue on; future passive, 3rd singular. NOT_SENSES drops the scrap to, sliced from "to glue on or to".
  • chain: will be glued on, will stick, will cleave to
  • used: GEN 2:24

Passive in form where English makes it active. κόλλα is glue; collagen is its relative.

αἰσχύνω — imperfect middle/passive

  • headword: were being ashamed — sense I and its subsenses are the active (to make ugly, disfigure, mar; to dishonour) and are skipped by name; the first numbered sense open to this voice is II, to be ashamed, feel shame. Imperfect, 3rd plural, one form for middle and passive.
  • chain: were being ashamed, were feeling shame, were being dishonoured
  • used: GEN 2:25

Verbs new in GEN 3

Each headword is Middle Liddell's first sense, in the form the text uses, unless a note says otherwise.

lemma form headword chain used
ἐσθίω aor. 3 sg / 3 pl / 1 sg / 2 sg ate · they ate · I ate · you ate ate, ate of (with the person) 3:6, 3:11, 3:12, 3:13, 3:17
ἐσθίω fut. 1 pl we will eat we will eat, we will eat of 3:2
ἐσθίω aor. inf. / aor. subj. 3 sg to eat · he may eat to eat, to eat of · he may eat, he may eat of 3:11, 3:17, 3:22
ἀποθνήσκω aor. subj. 2 pl you may die off you may die off, you may die, you may be put to death, you may be slain 3:3
ἅπτω aor. mid. subj. 2 pl you may fasten yourselves to you may fasten yourselves to, you may cling to, you may hang on by, you may lay hold of, you may grasp, you may touch 3:3
οἶδα pluperf. 3 sg knew knew, was assured, was versed in 3:5
διανοίγω fut. / aor. pass. 3 pl will be opened · were opened will be opened, will be opened and explained · were opened, were opened and explained 3:5, 3:7
γινώσκω pres. ptcp. / aor. 3 pl learning to know · learned to know learning to know, perceiving, marking, learning, discerning and distinguishing · the same in the aorist 3:5, 3:7
ὁράω aor. 3 sg saw saw, perceived, beheld, looked at 3:6
κατανοέω aor. inf. to observe well to observe well, to understand, to perceive, to learn, to consider 3:6
λαμβάνω aor. ptcp. / aor. subj. / aor. pass. 2 sg having taken · he may take · you were taken having taken, having received, having taken hold of and grasped and seized · likewise 3:6, 3:19, 3:22
δίδωμι aor. 3 sg / 2 sg gave · you gave gave, granted, provided, gave over and delivered up 3:6, 3:12
ῥάπτω aor. 3 pl sewed sewed, stitched together, devised and contrived and plotted 3:7
ἀκούω aor. 3 pl / 1 sg / 2 sg heard · I heard · you heard heard, had hearing of, heard tell of, hearkened and gave ear, listened to and obeyed 3:8, 3:10, 3:17
περιπατέω pres. ptcp. walking up and down walking up and down, walking about, walking, living 3:8, 3:10
κρύπτω aor. pass. 3 pl / 1 sg were hidden · I was hidden were hidden, were covered and cloaked, hid themselves and lay hidden, were concealed and kept secret 3:8, 3:10
φοβέομαι aor. pass. 1 sg I was put to flight I was put to flight, I fled affrighted, I fled, I was seized with fear, I was affrighted, I feared 3:10
ἀναγγέλλω aor. 3 sg carried back tidings of carried back tidings of, reported 3:11
ἐντέλλομαι aor. 1 sg I enjoined I enjoined, I commanded 3:11, 3:17
ποιέω aor. 2 sg you made you fashioned, you wrought, you produced, you performed, you did 3:13, 3:14
ἀπατάω aor. 3 sg cheated cheated, tricked, outwitted, beguiled, deceived 3:13
πορεύομαι fut. 2 sg you will be driven you will be driven, you will be carried, you will go, you will walk, you will march 3:14
τίθημι fut. 1 sg I will set I will set, I will put, I will place, I will plant, I will lay 3:15
τηρέω fut. 3 sg / 2 sg will watch over will watch over, will protect and guard, will give heed to and watch narrowly, will watch for, will keep 3:15
πληθύνω pres. ptcp. / fut. 1 sg making full · I will make full making full, increasing, multiplying · likewise 3:16
τίκτω fut. mid. 2 sg you will bring into the world you will bring into the world, you will bring forth, you will bear, you will produce 3:16
κυριεύω fut. 3 sg will be lord will be lord, will be master of, will have legal power 3:16
ἀνατέλλω fut. 3 sg will make to rise up the chain of GEN 2:5, in the future 3:18
ἀποστρέφω aor. inf. to turn to turn, to turn back, to turn away, to turn oneself about, to bring back 3:19
ἀπέρχομαι fut. 2 sg you will go away you will go away, you will depart from, you will depart, you will depart from life 3:19
ζάω pres. ptcp. gen. pl. / fut. 3 sg of the living · he will live of the living, of the alive, of those in full life and strength, of the fresh and strong · he will live, he will be in full life and strength, he will be fresh and strong 3:20, 3:22
ἐνδύω aor. 3 sg clothed in clothed in, clothed — sense II, the causal aorist 3:21
γίνομαι perf. 3 sg has come into being has come to be and stands so, has arisen and remains arisen, has been brought into existence and continues so — a standing resultant state 3:22
ἐκτείνω aor. subj. 3 sg he may stretch out he may stretch out, he may spread out, he may put forth 3:22
ἐξαποστέλλω aor. 3 sg sent quite away sent quite away, dispatched 3:23
ἐκβάλλω aor. 3 sg threw threw, cast out of, threw out, cast out and banished, deposed, threw away and rejected 3:24
κατοικίζω aor. 3 sg removed to removed to, planted, settled, established as a colonist, restored to one's country 3:24
τάσσω aor. 3 sg arranged arranged, put in order, drew up in order of battle, posted and stationed, appointed 3:24
στρέφω pres. mid./pass. ptcp. the one turning itself the one turning itself, turning round, turning about, turning to and fro, turning back, revolving — the entry's actives skipped by name 3:24

Verbs new in GEN 4

lemma form headword chain used
γινώσκω aor. 3 sg / pres. 1 sg learned to know · I learn to know the chain of GEN 3:7, in the form 4:1, 4:9, 4:17, 4:25
συλλαμβάνω aor. ptcp. fem. having collected having collected, having gathered together, having taken up, having laid hold of and seized, having comprehended, having conceived 4:1, 4:17, 4:25
τίκτω aor. 3 sg / aor. inf. brought into the world · to bring into the world brought into the world, brought forth, bore, produced 4:1, 4:2, 4:17, 4:20, 4:22, 4:25
κτάομαι aor. mid. 1 sg I procured for myself I procured for myself, I got, I gained, I acquired 4:1
προστίθημι aor. / fut. 3 sg put to · will put to put to, handed over and delivered, gave and bestowed, imposed further, attributed, added 4:2, 4:12
γίνομαι aor. 3 sg (mid. and pass.) / aor. 2 sg came into being · you came into being the chain of JHN 1:6, in the form 4:2, 4:3, 4:6, 4:8, 4:18, 4:26
ἐργάζομαι pres. ptcp. / fut. 2 sg (ἐργᾷ) working · you will work the chain of GEN 2:5, in the form 4:2, 4:12
φέρω aor. 3 sg bore bore, carried, bore along, brought and fetched, brought and offered and presented 4:3, 4:4
ἐφοράω aor. 3 sg (ἐπεῖδεν) oversaw oversaw, observed, surveyed, watched over and took notice of, looked upon and beheld 4:4
προσέχω aor. 3 sg held to held to, offered, brought to, turned to, turned the mind to, gave heed to 4:5
λυπέω aor. 3 sg gave pain to gave pain to, pained, distressed, grieved, vexed, annoyed 4:5
συμπίπτω aor. 3 sg fell together fell together, met in battle and came to blows, fell in with and met, fell upon and happened, concurred 4:5, 4:6
προσφέρω aor. subj. 2 sg you may bring to you may bring to, you may apply, you may lay upon, you may offer, you may present and give, you may set before 4:7
διαιρέω aor. subj. 2 sg you may take one from another you may take one from another, you may cleave in twain, you may divide into parts, you may divide, you may distinguish, you may determine 4:7
ἁμαρτάνω aor. 2 sg you missed the mark you missed the mark, you failed of your purpose, you went wrong, you erred, you sinned 4:7
ἡσυχάζω aor. impv. 2 sg be still be still, keep quiet, be at rest 4:7
ἄρχω fut. 2 sg, c. gen. will begin will begin, will make a beginning of, will lead the way, will lead and rule and govern, will rule over 4:7
διέρχομαι aor. subj. 1 pl let us go through let us go through, let us pass through, let us go through in detail 4:8
ἀνίστημι aor2 3 sg stood up stood up, rose, rose to fight against, rose to go and set out 4:8
ἀποκτείνω aor. / fut. / aor. ptcp. / aor. 1 sg killed · will kill · the one having killed · I killed killed, slew, condemned to death, in the form 4:8, 4:14, 4:15, 4:23, 4:25
βοάω pres. 3 sg cries aloud cries aloud, shouts, sounds and resounds and roars, calls on, calls for 4:10
χάσκω aor. 3 sg (ἔχανεν) yawned yawned, gaped, uttered with open mouth 4:11
δέχομαι aor. inf. to take to take, to accept, to receive, to receive in exchange, to give ear to 4:11
δίδωμι aor. inf. to give to give, to grant, to provide, to give over and deliver up 4:12
στένω, τρέμω pres. ptcp. moaning · trembling moaning, sighing, groaning, bewailing and lamenting · trembling, fearing, trembling at 4:12, 4:14
ἀφίημι aor. pass. inf. to be sent forth to be sent forth, to be discharged, to be sent away and let go, to be set free, to be released 4:13
ἐκβάλλω pres. 2 sg you throw the chain of GEN 3:24, in the form 4:14
κρύπτω fut. pass. 1 sg I will be hidden the chain of GEN 3:10, in the form 4:14
εὑρίσκω pres. ptcp. the one finding the one finding, the one finding out, the one discovering 4:14, 4:15
ἐκδικέω pres. ptcp. pass. pl. / perf. 3 sg things being avenged · has been avenged things being avenged, things being punished, things on which vengeance is exacted · has been avenged and stands avenged, has been punished and stands punished 4:15, 4:24
παραλύω fut. 3 sg will loose from the side will loose from the side, will take off and detach, will undo and put an end to, will set free, will loose beside 4:15
ἀναιρέω aor. inf. to take up to take up, to raise, to take up and carry off, to make away with and destroy and kill, to abolish 4:15
ἐξέρχομαι aor. 3 sg went out of went out of, came out, went away and marched off, went forth 4:16
οἰκέω aor. 3 sg / pres. ptcp. inhabited · of those inhabiting inhabited, occupied, dwelt and lived, was settled, in the form 4:16, 4:20
οἰκοδομέω pres. ptcp. building a house the chain of GEN 2:22, in the form 4:17
ἐπονομάζω aor. 3 sg gave a surname gave a surname, named, called, pronounced 4:17, 4:25, 4:26
γεννάω aor. 3 sg begot begot, engendered, brought forth, produced 4:18
καταδείκνυμι aor. ptcp. the one having discovered and made known the one having discovered and made known, the one having invented and taught and introduced, the one having shown how 4:21
ἀκούω aor. impv. 2 pl hear the chain of GEN 3:8, in the form 4:23
ἐξανίστημι aor1 3 sg raised up raised up, made to rise, removed and expelled, roused 4:25
ἐλπίζω aor. 3 sg hoped for hoped for, looked for, expected, hoped, thought and supposed, hoped in 4:26
ἐπικαλέω pres. mid. inf. to call upon to call upon, to invoke and appeal to, to invite, to call in as a helper, to be called by surname 4:26

Where the lexicon restricts a sense to one voice, the entry's own labels decide, as for ἄρχω: φοβέω's A. Act., ἅπτω's active sense I against II. Mid. … c. gen., στρέφω's B. Pass. and Mid. A headword that takes a person from the form says it — they ate and I ate are one Greek form, ἔφαγον, at 3:6 and 3:12.

Verbs new in GEN 5

lemma form headword chain used
ποιέω aor. 3 sg made the chains of GEN 1:1 (full) and 2:2 (short) 5:1, 5:2
εὐλογέω aor. 3 sg spoke well of the chain of GEN 2:3; Rahlfs prints εὐλόγησεν here without the augment 5:2
ἐπονομάζω aor. 3 sg gave a surname the chain of GEN 4:17 5:2, 5:3, 5:29
ζάω aor. 3 sg lived lived, was in full life and strength, was fresh and strong — the chain of GEN 3:22, in the aorist 5:3–30
γεννάω aor. 3 sg / aor. inf. begot · to beget the chain of GEN 4:18, in the form 5:3–32
γίνομαι aor. 3 pl came into being came to be, arose, were brought into existence — no there, the subject standing in the clause 5:4–31
ἀποθνήσκω aor. 3 sg died off died off, died, was put to death, was slain 5:5–31
εὐαρεστέω aor. 3 sg was well pleasing was well pleasing, seemed good, was resolved, was well pleased and satisfiedno Middle Liddell entry; LSJ, citing 5:22. The passive's own senses are left out; well pleased is also the active's, used intransitively 5:22, 5:24
εὑρίσκω impf. pass. 3 sg was being found was being found, was being found out, was being discovered 5:24
μετατίθημι aor. 3 sg placed among placed among, placed differently, transposed, changed and altered, put in the place of another and substituted — the entry's Mid. and Pass. senses left out 5:24
λέγω pres. ptcp. saying the chain of GEN 2:16 5:29
διαναπαύω fut. 3 sg will allow to rest awhile will allow to rest awhile, will interrupt, will relieve, will rest awhile — LSJ's active; Middle Liddell has only the middle 5:29
καταράομαι aor. mid. 3 sg called down curses upon called down curses upon, imprecated upon, cursed and execrated, uttered imprecationsaccursed, the entry's sense for the perfect passive participle alone, left out 5:29

Every verb of the genealogy's frame is aorist. The aorist formula stands after the first aorist of 5:1 and 5:3 and after εὐηρέστησεν and μετέθηκεν (5:22, 5:24), not after each of the chapter's sixty-seven aorist indicatives, as GEN 4:18 set it once in a run of ἐγέννησεν.

Verbs new in GEN 6

lemma form headword chain used
γίνομαι pres. inf. to come into being the chain of GEN 2:5 6:1
ἄρχω aor. mid. 3 pl began the chain of GEN 2:3 6:1
ὁράω aor. ptcp. / aor. 3 sg having seen · saw having seen, having perceived, having beheld, having looked at; the chain of GEN 3:6 6:2, 6:5, 6:12
λαμβάνω aor. 3 pl / fut. 2 sg they took · you will take the chain of GEN 2:15, in the form 6:2, 6:21
ἐκλέγομαι aor. 3 pl they picked out for themselves they picked out for themselves, they chose out, they pulled out — the entry's Mid.; its actives, to pick, single out and to levy taxes, left out 6:2
καταμένω aor. subj. 3 sg may stay behind may stay behind, may stay, may remain fixed, may continue 6:3
εἰμί pres. inf. to be the chain of GEN 2:18 6:3
εἰσπορεύομαι impf. 3 pl were going into were going into, were entering — the entry's passive gloss; to lead into, the active, left out 6:4
γεννάω impf. 3 pl were begetting were begetting, were engendering, were bringing forth, were producing 6:4
πληθύνω aor. pass. 3 pl were made full were made full, were increased, were multiplied, were in the majority, prevailed — the passive's own gloss last 6:5
διανοέομαι pres. / aor. 3 sg is minded · was minded is minded, intends, purposes, thinks over, thinks of, thinks and supposes, is disposed, in the form 6:5, 6:6
ἐνθυμέομαι aor. 3 sg laid to heart laid to heart, considered well, reflected on, pondered, thought much and deeply of, took to heart, was hurt and angry at, thought out a thing and formed a plan, inferred and concluded 6:6
ἀπαλείφω fut. 1 sg I will wipe off I will wipe off, I will expunge, I will cancel 6:7
ποιέω aor. 1 sg / impv. / fut. 2 sg I made · make · you will make I fashioned, I wrought, I produced, I performed, I did, the chain of GEN 3:13 · make, do, produce, create · you will make, you will do, you will produce, you will create 6:7, 6:14–16
θυμόομαι aor. pass. 1 sg I was wroth I was wroth, I was angry, I was wild and restive, I vented fury, I was angry with, I was angry atto make angry, the active, left out 6:7
εὑρίσκω aor. 3 sg found found, found out, discovered 6:8
φθείρω aor. pass. 3 sg was ruined was ruined, was wasted, was spoiled, was destroyed, went to ruin, perished — the passive's own gloss last 6:11
πίμπλημι aor. pass. 3 sg was filled full of was filled full of, was filled with, was filled up and filled, became full of and was full of, had enough of — sense III, Pass., last 6:11, 6:13
καταφθείρω perf. pass. ptcp. / aor. 3 sg / pres. 1 sg / aor. inf. having been destroyed · destroyed · I destroy · to destroy destroyed, spoiled utterly, brought to naught, in the form; the perfect, having been destroyed and standing destroyed, having been spoiled utterly and remaining so, having been brought to naught and remaining so 6:12, 6:13, 6:17
ἥκω pres. 3 sg has come has come, is present, is here, has returned, has reached a point — the entry's own perfect sense 6:13
συντελέω fut. 2 sg you will bring quite to an end the active chain of GEN 2:2, in the future 6:16
ἐπισυνάγω pres. ptcp. collecting and bringing to collecting and bringing to, gathering together 6:16
ἐπάγω pres. 1 sg I bring on I bring on, I bring upon, I set on and urge on, I lead on, I bring in and invite, I bring to, I lay on and apply, I bring forward, I add 6:17
τελευτάω fut. 3 sg will complete will complete, will finish, will accomplish, will fulfil, will bring about, will bring to an end, will make an end of, will end life and die, will come to an end — the entry's passives left out 6:17
ἵστημι fut. 1 sg I will make to stand I will make to stand, I will set, I will stop and stay and check, I will set up and raise, I will establish and institute, I will appoint, I will weigh — the causal tenses 6:18
εἰσέρχομαι fut. 2 sg / 3 pl you will go in · will go in you will go in, you will go into and enter, you will come into, you will come in, you will come upon, in the form 6:18, 6:20
εἰσάγω fut. 2 sg you will lead in you will lead in, you will lead into and introduce, you will admit, you will import, you will call in, you will bring in and bring forward 6:19
τρέφω pres. subj. 2 sg / pres. inf. mid.-pass. you may thicken · to be thickened you may thicken, you may congeal, you may curdle, you may make to grow and increase, you may bring up and breed and rear, you may rear and keep, you may let grow and cherish and foster, you may produce and teem with, you may contain and have, you may maintain and support · to be thickened, to be congealed, to be curdled, to become firm, to be made to grow and increase, to be brought up and bred and reared, to rear for oneself, to be kept, to be let grow and cherished and fostered, to be maintained and supported 6:19, 6:20
ἕρπω pres. ptcp. gen. pl., articular of the creeping of the creeping, of the crawling, of the moving slowly and walking, of the going and coming, of the stealing on and spreading 6:20
ἐσθίω fut. 2 pl / aor. inf. you will eat · to eat the chains of GEN 2:16 and 3:11 6:21
συνάγω fut. 2 sg you will bring together you will bring together, you will gather together and collect and convene, you will join, you will unite, you will receive into your house, you will gather in stores, you will draw together, you will conclude and infer 6:21
ἐντέλλομαι aor. 3 sg enjoined the chain of GEN 2:16 6:22

τρέφω is this chapter's σπέρμα: the verb for keeping the animals alive reads, in the lexicon's order, thicken and congeal before rear, keep and maintain.

Verbs new in GEN 7

lemma form headword chain used
εἰσέρχομαι aor. impv. / aor. 3 sg and 3 pl go in · went in the chain of GEN 6:18, in the form 7:1–16
εἰσπορεύομαι pres. ptcp. n. pl., articular the ones going into the ones going into, the ones entering 7:16
ὁράω aor. 1 sg I saw I saw, I perceived, I beheld, I looked at 7:1
εἰσάγω aor. impv. lead in the chain of GEN 6:19, in the imperative 7:2
ἐπάγω pres. 1 sg I bring on the chain of GEN 6:17 7:4
ἐξαλείφω fut. 1 sg / aor. 3 sg / aor. pass. 3 pl I will plaster · plastered · were plastered I will plaster, I will wash over, I will wipe out and obliterate, I will strike off, I will destroy utterly, in the form — to plaster or wash over is sense I, to wipe out sense II 7:4, 7:23
ῥήγνυμι aor. pass. 3 pl were broken were broken, were broken asunder and in pieces, were rent and shivered and shattered, burst, burst forth — the entry's Pass. last 7:11
ἀνοίγω aor. pass. 3 pl were opened were opened, were undone, were laid open and unfolded and disclosed, were open and stood open — the passive's own gloss last 7:11
κινέω pres. mid.-pass. ptcp. being set in motion being set in motion, being moved, being removed, being roused and stirred up, being put in motion, moving and stirring, moving forward — the entry's Pass. after the first senses 7:14, 7:21
κλείω aor. 3 sg shut shut, closed, barred, shut up and blocked, confined 7:16
πληθύνω aor. pass. / impf. mid.-pass. 3 sg was made full · was being made full the chain of GEN 6:5, in the form 7:17, 7:18
ἐπαίρω aor. 3 sg lifted up and set on lifted up and set on, lifted and raised, exalted and magnified, stirred up and excited, induced and persuaded 7:17
ὑψόω aor. pass. 3 sg was lifted high was lifted high, was raised up, was elevated and exalted 7:17, 7:20, 7:24
ἐπικρατέω impf. 3 sg was ruling over was ruling over, was holding power, was prevailing and conquering, was getting the mastery, was superior 7:18, 7:19
ἐπιφέρω impf. mid.-pass. 3 sg was being brought upon the chain of GEN 1:2, word for word, in the same phrase 7:18
ἐπικαλύπτω aor. 3 sg covered over covered over, covered up, shrouded, put as a covering over 7:19, 7:20
ἔχω pres. 3 sg has has, holds, possesses, keeps, dwells in and inhabits, holds fast, bears up against and supports 7:22
καταλείπω aor. pass. 3 sg was left behind the chain of GEN 2:24, in the passive 7:23
ἀποθνήσκω aor. 3 sg died off the chain of GEN 5:5 7:21, 7:22

ἐπεφέρετο ἡ κιβωτὸς ἐπάνω τοῦ ὕδατος at 7:18 repeats 1:2's πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἐπεφέρετο ἐπάνω τοῦ ὕδατος, where the Hebrew has face of at both; the chain of 1:2 is reused verbatim, and face of the waters is refused by validate.py here as there.

Verbs new in GEN 8

lemma form headword chain used
μιμνήσκομαι aor. pass. 3 sg reminded himself of reminded himself of, called to mind, remembered, bethought himself of, was minded, bore in mind and did not forget — the entry's Mid. and Pass.; to remind, the active, left out 8:1
ἐπάγω aor. 3 sg brought on the chain of GEN 6:17, in the aorist 8:1
κοπάζω aor. / perf. 3 sg grew weary · has grown weary grew weary, abated · has grown weary and stands so, has abated and remains abated 8:1, 8:7, 8:8, 8:11
ἐπικαλύπτω aor. pass. 3 pl were covered over the chain of GEN 7:19, in the passive 8:2
συνέχω aor. pass. 3 sg was held together was held together, was kept together, was enclosed and encompassed and embraced, was kept from dispersing, was constrained and forced, was compressed and oppressed, was afflicted 8:2
ἐνδίδωμι impf. 3 sg was giving in was giving in, was giving into hands and giving up to, was lending, was giving, was causing and exciting, was showing and exhibiting, was allowing and granting and conceding, was giving way, was yielding 8:3
πορεύομαι pres. ptcp. being driven the chain of GEN 2:14 8:3, 8:5
καθίζω aor. 3 sg made to sit down made to sit down, seated, set and placed, encamped, set up, sat down and was seated and took its seat, settled and sank in — the causal first, as ὑπνόω at 2:21 8:4
ὁράω aor. pass. 3 pl / aor. inf. / aor. 3 sg were seen · to see · saw were seen, were looked at, were beheld and perceived and observed, were looked out for; the chains of GEN 2:19 and 3:6 8:5, 8:7, 8:8, 8:13
ἀνοίγω aor. 3 sg opened opened, undid, laid open and unfolded and disclosed, got into the open sea 8:6
ἀποστέλλω aor. 3 sg sent off sent off, sent away, banished, despatched, went away and departed 8:7, 8:8
ἐξέρχομαι aor. ptcp. / aor. 3 sg and 3 pl / aor. impv. having gone out of · went out of · go out of the chain of GEN 4:16, in the form 8:7, 8:16, 8:18, 8:19
ὑποστρέφω aor. 3 sg turned round about turned round about, turned back, turned about and turned short round, returned, turned away and eluded 8:7, 8:9
ξηραίνω aor. pass. inf. / aor. pass. 3 sg to be parched up · was parched up to be parched up, to be dried up, to become dry and be parched, to be laid dry, in the form 8:7, 8:14
εὑρίσκω aor. ptcp. fem. having found having found, having found out, having discovered, having gotten and gained 8:9
ἐκτείνω aor. ptcp. having stretched out the chain of GEN 3:22, in the participle 8:9
λαμβάνω, εἰσάγω aor. 3 sg took · led in the chains of GEN 2:15 and 6:19, in the aorist 8:9, 8:20
ἐπέχω aor. ptcp. having held upon having held upon, having held out and presented and offered, having directed towards and aimed at, having intended and purposed, having faced, having kept in and held back and checked, having stayed and stopped and waited and paused, having reached and extended over 8:10, 8:12
ἐξαποστέλλω aor. 3 sg sent quite away the chain of GEN 3:23 8:10, 8:12
ἀναστρέφω aor. 3 sg turned upside down turned upside down, upset, turned back and brought back, rallied, turned back and returned and retired, dwelt, conducted herself, revolved, faced about 8:11
ἔχω impf. 3 sg was having the chain of GEN 7:22, in the imperfect 8:11
γινώσκω aor. 3 sg learned to know the chain of GEN 4:1 8:11
προστίθημι aor. mid. 3 sg / fut. 1 sg put to · I will put to the chain of GEN 4:2, in the form 8:12, 8:21
ἐπιστρέφω aor. inf. to turn about to turn about, to turn round, to return, to turn towards, to correct and make to repent 8:12
ἐκλείπω aor. 3 sg left out left out, omitted and passed over, forsook and deserted and abandoned, suffered an eclipse, died, left off and ceased and stopped, failed and was wanting 8:13
ἀποκαλύπτω aor. 3 sg uncovered uncovered, disclosed and revealed, revealed his whole mind 8:13
ἐξάγω aor. impv. lead out lead out, lead and carry out from, bring forth into the world, march out, eject, carry out and export, draw off, call forth and excite, lead on and tempt 8:17
αὐξάνω pres. impv. pass. 2 pl be made large be made large, be increased and augmented, be increased in power and strengthened and exalted, be promoted to honour and glorified and magnified, grow and wax and increase, grow up — the passive's own to grow last 8:17
πληθύνω pres. impv. pass. 2 pl be made full be made full, be increased, be multiplied, be in the majority, prevail 8:17
οἰκοδομέω aor. 3 sg built a house the chain of GEN 2:22 8:20
ἀναφέρω aor. 3 sg brought up brought up, carried up, carried up the country, took with him, poured forth, heaved and uttered, upheld and took upon himself, offered and contributed, led up, carried back and recovered, brought back and reported, traced up 8:20
ὀσφραίνομαι aor. 3 sg caught scent of caught scent of, smelled, scented, tracked 8:21
διανοέομαι aor. ptcp. having been minded the chain of GEN 6:6, in the participle 8:21
καταράομαι aor. inf. to call down curses upon the chain of GEN 5:29, in the infinitive 8:21
ἔγκειμαι pres. 3 sg lies in lies in, is wrapped in, is involved in, presses upon, is urgent and insists, is devoted to 8:21
πατάσσω aor. inf. to beat to beat, to knock, to strike and smite, to knock at 8:21
καταπαύω fut. 3 pl will lay to rest the chain of GEN 2:2, in the future 8:22

Verbs new in GEN 9

lemma form headword chain used
εὐλογέω aor. 3 sg spoke well of the chain of GEN 2:3 9:1
αὐξάνω, πληθύνω pres. impv. pass. 2 pl be made large · be made full the chains of GEN 8:17 9:1, 9:7
πληρόω aor. impv. 2 pl make full make full, fill full of, fill full, gorge and satiate, glut, fill with, man, make complete, fill, fulfil and pay in full and make up, come in full — the entry's passives and middles left out 9:1, 9:7
κινέω pres. mid.-pass. ptcp. n. pl., articular the ones being set in motion the chain of GEN 7:14, with the article 9:2
δίδωμι perf. 1 sg / pres. 1 sg I have given · I give I have given and it stands given, I have granted and it stands granted, I have provided and it stands provided, I have given over and delivered up and it stands so · I give, I am ready to give and offer, I grant, I provide, I give over and deliver upto be ready to give is the entry's present 9:2, 9:3, 9:12
ἐσθίω fut. 2 pl you will eat the chain of GEN 2:17 9:4
ἐκζητέω fut. 1 sg I will seek out I will seek out, I will enquire, I will demand an account of 9:5
ἐκχέω pres. ptcp., articular / fut. pass. 3 sg the one pouring out · will be poured out the one pouring out, the one pouring out like water, the one squandering and wasting · will be poured out, will be poured out like water, will be squandered and wasted, will stream out and forth, will be spread out, will be forgotten, will be overjoyed, will burst out, will lie languidly — the passive's own senses last 9:6
ποιέω aor. 1 sg / aor. 3 sg I made · made the chain of GEN 6:7 · fashioned, wrought, produced, performed, did, the same in the third person 9:6, 9:24
λέγω aor. 3 sg / pres. ptcp. said · saying the chains of GEN 2:16–18 9:1–26
ἀνίστημι pres. 1 sg I make to stand up I make to stand up, I raise up, I raise from sleep and wake up, I raise from the dead, I set up and build, I build up again and restore, I put up for sale, I rouse to action and stir up, I rouse to arms and raise, I make rise and break up, I make rise and emigrate and transplant, I make rise and leave sanctuary, I put up and spring — sense A, Causal in pres., imperf. 9:9
ἐξέρχομαι aor. ptcp. pl., articular the ones having gone out of · of the ones … the chain of GEN 4:16, in the form 9:10, 9:18, 9:22
ἵστημι fut. 1 sg I will make to stand the chain of GEN 6:18 9:11
ἀποθνήσκω fut. 3 sg / aor. 3 sg will die off · died off the chains of GEN 2:17 and 5:5, in the form 9:11, 9:29
καταφθείρω aor. inf. to destroy the chain of GEN 6:17 9:11
τίθημι pres. 1 sg I set I set, I put, I place, I plant, I lay 9:13
συννεφέω pres. inf., articular with ἐν in the collecting clouds within, inside of, and by means of the collecting clouds, the being cloudy, the wearing a clouded look 9:14
ὁράω fut. pass. 3 sg / fut. mid. 1 sg / aor. 3 sg and 3 pl will be seen · I will see · saw the chains of GEN 8:5, 7:1 and 3:6, in the form 9:14, 9:16, 9:22, 9:23
μιμνήσκομαι fut. pass. 1 sg / aor. pass. inf. I will remind myself of · to remind oneself of the chain of GEN 8:1, in the form 9:15, 9:16
ἐξαλείφω aor. inf. to plaster the chain of GEN 7:4, in the infinitive 9:15
διατίθεμαι aor. mid. 1 sg I arranged as I liked I arranged as I liked, I disposed of, I disposed of my property and devised it by will, I set out for sale and disposed of, I arranged mutually, I made a covenant with, I settled with — the entry's B. Mid.; its actives left out 9:17
διασπείρω aor. pass. 3 pl were scattered abroad were scattered abroad, were thrown about, were squandered 9:19
ἄρχω aor. mid. 3 sg began the chain of GEN 2:3 9:20
φυτεύω aor. 3 sg planted the chain of GEN 2:8 9:20
πίνω aor. 3 sg drank drank, drank of, drank upto be drunk, the perfect's, left out 9:21
μεθύσκω aor. pass. 3 sg was made drunk was made drunk, was intoxicated and inebriated, was given to drink and watered and moistened, drank freely, got drunk, was drunk — the passive's own senses last 9:21
γυμνόω aor. pass. 3 sg was stripped naked was stripped naked, was stripped, was left naked and exposed, was left bare and defenceless, stripped himself naked 9:21
ἀναγγέλλω aor. 3 sg carried back tidings of the chain of GEN 3:11 9:22
λαμβάνω aor. ptcp. pl. having taken the chain of GEN 3:6 9:23
ἐπιτίθημι aor. mid. 3 pl put on themselves put on themselves, put on for themselves, set themselves to and applied themselves to and employed themselves on, made an attempt upon and attacked, brought on themselves, caused to be imposed, laid commands on, gave — the entry's B. Mid. 9:23
πορεύομαι aor. pass. 3 pl were driven the chain of GEN 2:14, in the aorist 9:23
συγκαλύπτω aor. 3 pl covered covered, veiled completely — the passive's muffled up and the middle's to wrap oneself up left out 9:23
ἐκνήφω aor. 3 sg slept off a drunken fit slept off a drunken fit, became sober again — one sense holding two glosses, a unit as ἐμφυσάω's was at 2:7 9:24
γινώσκω aor. 3 sg learned to know the chain of GEN 4:1 9:24
πλατύνω aor. opt. 3 sg may widen may widen, may make wide — the middle's and passive's senses left out 9:27
κατοικέω aor. impv. 3 sg let dwell in let dwell in, let settle in, let colonise, let inhabit, let settle and dwell, let lie and be situate — the first translation reads to dwell in as a κάτοικος; the headword stops before the Greek 9:27
γίνομαι aor. pass. impv. 3 sg / aor. 3 pl let come into being · came into being let come to be, let arise, let be brought into existence; the chain of GEN 5:5 9:27, 9:29
ζάω aor. 3 sg / pres. ptcp. lived · living the chains of GEN 5:3 and 2:7, in the form 9:3, 9:10, 9:12, 9:28

Verbs new in GEN 14

lemma form headword chain used
γίνομαι aor. 3 sg came into being the chain of GEN 12:10 14:1
ποιέω aor. 3 pl made the chain of GEN 9:24 14:2
συμφωνέω aor. 3 pl agreed in sound agreed in sound, were in harmony, agreed with and held the same opinions with, made an agreement and bargained with, agreed, conspired 14:3
δουλεύω impf. 3 pl were being slaves were being slaves, were serving and being subject to 14:4
ἀφίστημι aor2 3 pl stood away the chain of GEN 12:8 14:4
ἔρχομαι aor. 3 sg · aor. 3 pl came the chain of GEN 10:19, in the form 14:5, 14:7
κατακόπτω aor. 3 pl cut down cut down, cut in pieces and cut up, killed and slew, broke in pieces and destroyed, coined into money 14:5, 14:7
ἀναστρέφω aor. ptcp. · aor. inf. having turned upside down · to turn upside down the chain of GEN 8:11, in the form, with the lexicon's oneself for 8:11's herself 14:7, 14:17
κατοικέω pres. ptcp., articular · pres. ptcp. · impf. 3 sg the ones dwelling in · dwelling in · was dwelling in the chain of GEN 9:27, in the form 14:7, 14:12, 14:13
ἐξέρχομαι aor. 3 sg went out of the chain of GEN 4:16 14:8, 14:17
παρατάσσω aor. mid. 3 pl drew up one's men in battle-order drew up one's men in battle-order, were drawn up along, stood prepared — the middle, its active to place side by side left out 14:8
φεύγω aor. 3 sg · aor. 3 pl fled · they fled fled, took flight and ran away, had recourse and took refuge, was shy of doing and shrank from doing, shrank back, fled from and shunned and avoided, fled the consequences of, fled one's country, was banished, went into exile and was an exile, was accused and prosecuted, was put on one's trial for, was charged with, in the form 14:10
ἐμπίπτω aor. 3 pl fell in fell in, fell upon and attacked, lit and chanced upon, fell in with, broke in and burst in 14:10
καταλείπω aor. pass. ptcp., articular the ones having been left behind the chain of GEN 7:23, in the participle 14:10
λαμβάνω aor. 3 pl · aor. impv. · fut. 1 sg and 3 pl they took · take · I will take · they will take the chain of GEN 2:15, in the form 14:11, 14:12, 14:21, 14:23, 14:24
ἀπέρχομαι aor. 3 pl they went away the chain of GEN 3:19, in the aorist 14:11
ἀποίχομαι impf. 3 pl were being gone away were being gone away and far from, were being gone and had departed and were being absent, were being gone and had perished, were being dead and gone 14:12
παραγίνομαι aor. ptcp. having been near having been near and attended upon, having been present at, having come to one's side and come to aid and stood by and seconded and supported, having been at hand and been gained and accrued, having come to, having arrived and come up, having come to maturity, having been fully grown — Perseus tags near, attend upon inside to be beside, to be by or near, and the headword takes been from there 14:13
ἀνασώζω aor. pass. ptcp., articular gen. of the ones having been recovered of the ones having been recovered and rescued, of the ones having returned safe — the first sense in the passive, the entry's Pass. after it, its middles left out 14:13
ἀπαγγέλλω aor. 3 sg brought tidings the chain of GEN 12:18, in the third person 14:13
ἀκούω aor. ptcp. having heard the chain of GEN 3:8, in the participle 14:14
ἀριθμέω aor. 3 sg numbered numbered, counted and reckoned up, counted out and paid, reckoned and counted as, was reckoned, was counted 14:14
ἐπιπίπτω aor. 3 sg fell upon fell upon, attacked and assailed 14:15
πατάσσω aor. 3 sg beat the chain of GEN 8:21, in the aorist 14:15
διώκω aor. 3 sg pursued pursued, chased and hunted, was a follower of and attached oneself and sought after, followed and waited for, drove and chased away and banished, impelled and sped on her way, urged on, drove and drove on, galloped and sped and ran, prosecuted and brought an action against, accused of and prosecuted for, avenged 14:15
ἀποστρέφω aor. 3 sg turned the chain of GEN 3:19, in the aorist 14:16
ὑπάρχω pres. ptcp. n. pl., as a noun the existing circumstances the chain of GEN 12:5 14:16
ἐκφέρω aor. 3 sg carried out of carried out of, carried out, carried off, carried out of the sea and threw ashore, brought forth, brought forth and produced, brought about and accomplished, brought out and published, delivered, brought forward, disclosed and told and betrayed, put forth and exerted, bore the marks of, carried to a certain point, shot forth, ran away, came to fulfilment and came to an end, came to land and was cast ashore, was carried beyond bounds and carried away — the passives last 14:18
εὐλογέω aor. 3 sg · perf. pass. ptcp. spoke well of · having been spoken well of the chain of GEN 2:3 · having been spoken well of and remaining so, having been praised and standing praised, having been honoured and standing honoured, having been blessed and standing blessed 14:19
κτίζω aor. 3 sg peopled peopled, built houses and cities, colonised, founded and planted and built, planted, set up, established, created and brought into being and brought about, made, perpetrated, was foundedto create is its sixth sense 14:19, 14:22
παραδίδωμι aor. 3 sg gave gave, handed over to another and transmitted, transmitted and imparted, delivered up and surrendered, betrayed, committed, gave up, handed down, granted and bestowed, offered and allowed 14:20
δίδωμι aor. 3 sg · aor. impv. gave · give the chain of GEN 3:6, in the form 14:20, 14:21
ἐκτείνω fut. 1 sg I will stretch out the chain of GEN 3:22, in the future 14:22
λέγω aor. subj. 2 sg you may say the chain of GEN 2:16, in the subjunctive 14:23
πλουτίζω aor. 1 sg I made wealthy I made wealthy and enriched, I gained one's wealth — the middle's sense last 14:23
ἐσθίω aor. 3 pl they ate the chain of GEN 3:6 14:24
συμπορεύομαι aor. ptcp., articular gen. of the ones having gone the chain of GEN 13:5, in the form 14:24

Verbs new in GEN 13

lemma form headword chain used
ἀναβαίνω aor. 3 sg went up went up, mounted, went up to, embarked — the chain of GEN 2:6, in the aorist 13:1
πορεύομαι aor. pass. 3 sg was driven the chain of GEN 12:4 13:3
ἔρχομαι aor. 3 sg · aor. inf. · aor. ptcp. came · to come · having come the chains of GEN 10:19, in the form 13:3, 13:10, 13:18
ποιέω aor. 3 sg · fut. 1 sg made · I will make the chains of GEN 9:24 and 12:2 13:4, 13:16
ἐπικαλέω aor. mid. 3 sg called upon the chain of GEN 12:8 13:4
συμπορεύομαι pres. ptcp., articular dat. to the one going to the one going, to the one journeying together, to the one coming together — Middle Liddell's to go or journey together, tagged in two pieces; its with is the case it takes 13:5
χωρέω impf. 3 sg was making room for another was making room for another, was giving way and drawing back and retiring and withdrawing, was putting back and retiring, was giving way to, was retiring before, was going forward and moving on, was going and coming, was going on one's journey and travelling, was coming to, was coming on and beginning, was passing and near an end, was going on and advancing, was coming to an issue and turning out, was going on well and succeeding, was spreading abroad, was spreading, was having room for, was holding and containingto hold, contain, the verse's sense, is the entry's last 13:6
κατοικέω pres. inf. · impf. 3 pl · aor. 3 sg to dwell in · were dwelling in · dwelt in the chain of GEN 9:27, in the form 13:6, 13:7, 13:12, 13:18
δύναμαι impf. 3 pl · pres. 3 sg were being able · is able were being able, were capable and strong enough, were powerful and mighty, were having influence, were daring and bearing, were passing for, were worth, were equivalent to, were signifying and meaning, were availing, in the form 13:6, 13:16
γίνομαι aor. 3 sg came into being the chain of GEN 12:10 13:7
ἐπαίρω aor. ptcp. having lifted up and set on the chain of GEN 7:17, in the participle 13:10
ὁράω aor. 3 sg · aor. impv. (ἰδέ) · pres. 2 sg saw · see · you see the chain of GEN 3:6, in the form 13:10, 13:14, 13:15
ποτίζω pres. pass. ptcp. being given to drink being given to drink, being watered — the chain of GEN 2:6 in the passive, where to water and to water cattle come to the same 13:10
καταστρέφω aor. inf. to turn down to turn down and trample on, to turn the soil, to upset and overturn, to subject to oneself and subdue, to turn back and bring back, to turn round and bring to an end, to come to an end and die, to twist up, to be subdued — the passive's to be subdued at the end 13:10
ἐκλέγομαι aor. mid. 3 sg picked out for himself the chain of GEN 6:2, in the singular 13:11
ἀπαίρω aor. 3 sg lifted off the chain of GEN 12:9 13:11
σκηνόω aor. 3 sg pitched tents pitched tents and encamped, dwelt in a tent, settled and took up one's abode, lived, occupied with tents — the verb of John 1:14 13:12
ἀναβλέπω aor. ptcp. having looked up having looked up, having looked, having looked up at, having cast up, having recovered one's sight 13:14
δίδωμι fut. 1 sg I will give the chain of GEN 12:7 13:15, 13:17
ἐξαριθμέω aor. inf. · fut. pass. 3 sg to count throughout · will be counted throughout to count throughout, to number, to count out and pay in ready money, in the form 13:16
ἀνίστημι aor2 ptcp. having stood up the chain of GEN 4:8, in the participle 13:17
οἰκοδομέω aor. 3 sg built a house the chain of GEN 8:20 13:18

Verbs new in GEN 12

lemma form headword chain used
ἐξέρχομαι aor. impv. · aor. 3 sg and 3 pl go out of · went out of the chain of GEN 8:16 and 4:16 12:1, 12:4, 12:5
δείκνυμι aor. subj. 1 sg I may bring to light I may bring to light, I may display and exhibit, I may set before one, I may show and point out, I may tell and explain and teach, I may show and prove, I may inform against, I may offer and proffer, I may cause, I may welcome and greet and pledge 12:1
ποιέω, εὐλογέω fut. 1 sg I will make · I will speak well of the chains of GEN 6:14 and 2:3, in the future 12:2, 12:3
μεγαλύνω fut. 1 sg I will make great I will make great and powerful, I will exalt and strengthen, I will make great by word and extol and magnify, I will aggravate — the middle's to boast oneself left out 12:2
εὐλογέω, καταράομαι pres. ptcp. pl., articular · fut. 1 sg the ones speaking well of · the ones calling down curses upon · I will call down curses upon the chains of GEN 2:3 and 5:29, in the form 12:3
λαλέω aor. 3 sg talked talked, chatted, prattled, babbled, said, talked of, spoke, chattered, chirpedto speak, like λέγω, is the entry's New Testament sense 12:4
οἴχομαι impf. 3 sg had gone had gone, had been gone, had escaped from, had gone hence, was departed and dead, was absent and away, was undone and ruined, was rushing and sweeping along — the entry gives the imperfect a pluperfect sense 12:4
ὑπάρχω pres. ptcp. n. pl., as a noun the existing circumstances the existing circumstances, the present advantages, what belongs to one, the possessions and means — the entry's first sense for τὰ ὑπάρχοντα 12:5
κτάομαι aor. 3 pl they procured for themselves the chain of GEN 4:1, in the third plural 12:5
κατοικέω impf. 3 pl were dwelling in the chain of GEN 11:2, in the imperfect 12:6
ὁράω aor. pass. 3 sg and ptcp. · aor. subj. 3 pl · aor. ptcp. pl. · aor. 3 pl was seen · to the one having been seen · may see · having seen · saw the chains of GEN 8:5, 2:19 and 3:6, in the form 12:7, 12:12, 12:14, 12:15
ἀφίστημι aor2 3 sg stood away stood away, stood aloof from and kept far from, lost, withdrew from, revolted from, revolted, gave up, made way and gave way, shrank from, stood aloof — sense B, the intransitive of the second aorist, as ἀνίστημι at 4:8 12:8
ἵστημι aor1 3 sg made to stand the chain of GEN 6:18, in the aorist 12:8
ἐπικαλέω aor. mid. 3 sg called upon the chain of GEN 4:26, in the aorist; Middle Liddell gives sense I so in Mid. 12:8
ἀπαίρω aor. 3 sg lifted off lifted off, carried off, took away, removed from, led away, sailed and marched away and departed, departed from, set out onto depart is the entry's intransitive use 12:9
στρατοπεδεύω aor. 3 sg encamped encamped, bivouacked, took up a position, was in camp, was stationed 12:9
παροικέω aor. inf. to dwell beside to dwell beside, to dwell along the coast of, to live near, to dwell among, to lie near, to live in and sojourn 12:10
ἐνισχύω aor. 3 sg strengthened strengthened, confirmed, prevailed in and among — LSJ 12:10
ἐγγίζω aor. 3 sg brought near brought near, brought up to, approached, was imminent, approximated to, was next of kin, was on the point of — LSJ 12:11
εἰσέρχομαι aor. inf. · aor. 3 sg to go in · went in the chain of GEN 6:18, in the form 12:11, 12:14
γινώσκω pres. 1 sg I learn to know the chain of GEN 4:9 12:11
ἀποκτείνω fut. 3 pl they will kill the chain of GEN 4:8, in the future 12:12
περιποιέομαι fut. 3 pl they will keep for themselves they will keep for themselves, they will save for themselves, they will compass and acquire and obtain, they will make gain — the middle; the actives left out 12:12
λέγω aor. impv. (εἰπόν) · aor. 2 sg say · you said the chain of GEN 2:16, in the form 12:13, 12:19
γίνομαι aor. subj. 3 sg may come into being the chain of GEN 5:5, in the subjunctive 12:13
ζάω fut. 3 sg will live the chain of GEN 3:22 12:13
ἐπαινέω aor. 3 pl approved approved, applauded, commended, complimented publicly and panegyrized, recommended and exhorted and advised, thanked, declined 12:15
εἰσάγω aor. 3 pl led in the chain of GEN 8:9 12:15
χράομαι aor. 3 pl used used, had and used, indulged, experienced and suffered and were subject to, came to, lived under, made use of, treated, were intimate with, were in need and yearned after, had in use and possessed — Perseus's consulting, using an oracle, which say where the sense comes from, left out 12:16
ἐτάζω aor. 3 sg examined examined, tested 12:17
καλέω aor. ptcp. having called the chain of GEN 2:19, in the participle 12:18
ἀπαγγέλλω aor. 2 sg you brought tidings you brought tidings, you reported, you announced, you carried a report, you related and narrated 12:18
λαμβάνω aor. 1 sg · aor. ptcp. I took · having taken the chain of GEN 2:15, in the form 12:19
ἀποτρέχω pres. impv. run off run off, run away, run hard 12:19
ἐντέλλομαι aor. 3 sg enjoined the chain of GEN 2:16 12:20

Verbs new in GEN 11

lemma form headword chain used
κινέω aor. inf., articular with ἐν in the setting in motion within, inside of, and by means of the setting in motion, the moving, the removing, the meddling with, the applying, the changing and innovating, the rousing and disturbing, the stirring up and arousing and urging on, the setting agoing and causing and calling forth — the actives 11:2
εὑρίσκω aor. 3 pl found the chain of GEN 6:8 11:2
κατοικέω aor. 3 pl and 3 sg dwelt in dwelt in, settled in, colonised, inhabited, settled and dwelt, lay and were situate, in the number — the chain of GEN 9:27 11:2, 11:31
πλινθεύω aor. subj. 1 pl let us make into bricks let us make into bricks, let us make bricks, let us build of brick, let us make in the form of a plinth or brick 11:3
ὀπτάω aor. subj. 1 pl let us roast let us roast, let us broil, let us bake, let us bake and burn, let us bake and harden 11:3
οἰκοδομέω aor. subj. 1 pl · aor. 3 pl · pres. ptcp. pl. let us build a house · built a house · building a house the chain of GEN 2:22, in the form 11:4, 11:5, 11:8
ποιέω aor. subj. 1 pl · aor. and pres. inf. let us make · to make let us make, let us do, let us produce, let us create; the chain of GEN 2:3 11:4, 11:6
διασπείρω aor. pass. inf. · aor. 3 sg to be scattered abroad · scattered abroad the chain of GEN 9:19, in the form 11:4, 11:8, 11:9
καταβαίνω aor. 3 sg · aor. ptcp. pl. stepped down · having stepped down stepped down, went and came down, went down from, dismounted, came down stairs, went down from the inland parts to the sea, came to land and got safe ashore, went down into the arena, came down from the tribune, came to, ended, in the form 11:5, 11:7
ἐκλείπω fut. 3 sg will leave out the chain of GEN 8:13, in the future 11:6
ἐπιτίθημι aor. mid. subj. 3 pl they may put on themselves the chain of GEN 9:23, in the subjunctive 11:6
συγχέω aor. subj. 1 pl · aor. 3 sg let us pour together · poured together let us pour together, let us commingle, let us confound, let us make ruinous and destroy and obliterate and demolish, let us confound and trouble, let us confound and make of none effect and frustrate, in the form — the passive's to be in confusion left out 11:7, 11:9
ἀκούω aor. subj. 3 pl they may hear they may hear, they may have hearing of, they may hear tell of, they may know by hearsay, they may hearken and give ear, they may listen to and obey 11:7
παύω aor. mid. 3 pl took their rest took their rest, rested and ceased and had done, left off from and rested and ceased from, were at rest, left off doing — the entry's Pass. and Mid.; the causal actives left out 11:8
καλέω aor. pass. 3 sg was called was called, was summoned, was invited — the chain of GEN 2:23, in the aorist 11:9
γίνομαι aor. 3 sg, no subject · aor. 3 sg and 3 pl · aor. pass. 3 sg came into being the chains of JHN 1:6 and GEN 5:5, in the form 11:2, 11:3, 11:28, 11:32
ζάω, γεννάω, ἀποθνήσκω the frame of GEN 5 lived · begot · to beget · died off the chains of GEN 5 11:11–32
λαμβάνω aor. 3 pl and 3 sg took the chain of GEN 2:15 11:29, 11:31
ἐξάγω aor. 3 sg led out the chain of GEN 8:17, in the aorist 11:31
πορεύομαι aor. pass. inf. to be driven the chain of GEN 2:14, in the infinitive 11:31
ἔρχομαι aor. 3 sg came came, went, went back and returned, was going to and intended, came within a little of and was near — the chain of GEN 10:19 11:31

Verbs new in GEN 10

lemma form headword chain used
γίνομαι aor. pass. 3 pl · aor. mid. 3 sg and 3 pl · aor. pass. 3 sg, no subject came into being the chains of GEN 5:5, 4:2 and JHN 1:6, in the form 10:1, 10:10, 10:19, 10:21, 10:25, 10:30
ἀφορίζω aor. pass. 3 pl were marked off by boundaries were marked off by boundaries, were marked off for themselves, were distinguished and determined and defined, were set apart and separated — the chain of GEN 2:10, in the aorist 10:5
γεννάω aor. 3 sg begot the chain of GEN 4:18 10:8–26
ἄρχω aor. mid. 3 sg began the chain of GEN 2:3 10:8
λέγω fut. 3 pl they will say they will say, they will speak, they will declare, they will call by name, they will tell 10:9
ἐξέρχομαι aor. 3 sg went out of the chain of GEN 4:16 10:11, 10:14
οἰκοδομέω aor. 3 sg built a house the chain of GEN 2:22 10:11
διασπείρω aor. pass. 3 pl were scattered abroad the chain of GEN 9:19 10:18, 10:32
ἔρχομαι aor. inf. to come to come, to go, to go back and return, to be going to and intend, to come within a little of and be near 10:19, 10:30
διαμερίζω aor. pass. 3 sg was distributed was distributed, was divided — the middle's to part among themselves left out 10:25

A third-person imperative takes let and no pronoun (κατοικησάτω let dwell in, γενηθήτω let come into being), as a finite verb takes none; an optative takes may (πλατύναι may widen).


Nouns

ἀρχή (with ἐν)

  • headword: in beginning — ἐν in; ἀρχή, Middle Liddell's first sense a beginning; ἀρχῇ is anarthrous, so no article. (Middle Liddell also lists in the beginning, at first among its later senses, for a phrase this extraction does not show; it is not used.)
  • chain: within, inside of, and by means of the first moment, the origin-point, the source, the first principle from which a thing proceeds, and simultaneously the headship, the rule, and the governing precedence over all that follows
  • short: within, inside of, and by means of the first moment, the origin-point, the source, the first principle
  • used: GEN 1:1, JHN 1:1 (full, identical — the quotation), JHN 1:2 (short)

Both halves — temporal origin and ruling precedence — are obligatory in the full form. The short form drops the precedence half only because JHN 1:2 restates JHN 1:1.

λόγος

  • headword: the word — Middle Liddell, first sense the word; articular. Lowercase: no title capital.
  • chain: the utterance, the spoken word, the thing-said, the account, the reckoning, the rationale, the reasoned discourse, the intelligible ordering by which a mind is expressed and by which that mind itself coheres
  • short: the utterance, the account
  • used: JHN 1:1

Lowercase throughout; the notes say why (JHN 1:1, Capitals). Logos appears in neither panel.

οὐρανός

  • headword: the heaven — Middle Liddell, first sense heaven; articular.
  • chain: the vaulted arch, the sky-expanse, the region above and over
  • used: GEN 1:1

Singular in the LXX against Hebrew dual/plural šāmayim. Flag divergence.

γῆ

  • headword: the earth — Middle Liddell, first sense earth; articular.
  • chain (full): the land, the dry ground, the soil, the territory, the terrestrial realm as the counterpart-below
  • short: the land, the dry ground, the terrestrial realm
  • used: GEN 1:1 (full), GEN 1:2 (short)

as the counterpart-below is used only where γῆ is paired with οὐρανός.

σκότος

  • headword: darkness — Middle Liddell, first sense darkness, gloom; anarthrous.
  • chain: obscurity, gloom, the privation and the absence of light
  • used: GEN 1:2

ἄβυσσος

  • headword: the great deep — used as a noun (τῆς ἀβύσσου), so the first noun sense: Middle Liddell's third group, the great deep, the abyss, bottomless pit. The first two are the adjective (with no bottom, bottomless). Articular.
  • chain: the bottomless, the depth without a floor to sound, the unfathomable and unmeasurable deep
  • used: GEN 1:2

πνεῦμα

  • headword: blowing — Middle Liddell, sense I, whose first translation is a blowing (it goes on: a wind, blast); anarthrous, so no article.
  • chain: breath, wind, moving air, respiration, spirit
  • used: GEN 1:2 (followed by θεοῦ as its own unit)

Lowercase spirit; the notes say why (GEN 1:2, Capitals). In the full lexicon spirit comes after wind and breath; the two-meaning quick gloss that puts it first is a summary, not the lexicon's order. The one place where Greek and Hebrew line up exactly — πνεῦμα and rûaḥ share the same triple range. Say so in the notes rather than choosing.

ὕδωρ — plain text

the water. No chain — the word is not doing lexical work here. Singular against Hebrew plural mayim; flag divergence. The Hebrew's face of is absent from the LXX at both points in this verse and must not appear in either reading text.

ἄνθρωπος

  • headword: man — Middle Liddell, sense I man (the etymology manfaced stands before the senses); anarthrous, so no article.
  • chain: a man, a human being
  • used: JHN 1:6

οὗτος

  • headword: this — Middle Liddell, first sense.
  • chain: this same one, this very one and no other
  • used: JHN 1:2

and no other carries the near demonstrative's work of pinning the referent.

Adjectives at GEN 1:2

  • ἀόρατος — headword unseen (Middle Liddell, first sense unseen, not to be seen, invisible); chain unseeable, un-viewable, not presenting itself to the eye, imperceptible to sight
  • ἀκατασκεύαστος — headword not properly prepared (no Middle Liddell entry; LSJ's first sense, which LSJ follows with unwrought, unformed, citing this verse); chain un-built-out, unfurnished, unequipped, unprovisioned, not fitted out with its appointments, lacking the constructed arrangement that a full outfitting would supply

Both stand under one divergence flag against Hebrew tōhû wā-bōhû. Formless is too abstract for ἀκατασκεύαστος and is not used.

κόσμος

  • headword: the order — Middle Liddell, first sense order; articular.
  • chain: the order, the good order and decency, the form and fashion, the government, the ornament and adornment
  • used: GEN 2:1

World is a late sense and is not the lexicon's first. Flag divergence against Hebrew ṣābāʾ, host: the Greek keeps the ranked arrangement and loses the army.

ἡμέρα

  • headword: the day — Middle Liddell, first sense day; articular where the Greek has the article (GEN 2:2, 2:3), anarthrous in ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ (GEN 2:4), which takes day.
  • chain: the day, the day-break, the time
  • with ἐν: in the day / within, inside of, and by means of the day, the day-break, the time
  • used: GEN 2:2, GEN 2:3, GEN 2:4

ἔργον

  • headword: the works — Middle Liddell, first sense work; articular, plural.
  • chain (full): the works, the business, the deeds, the action, the works of industry and the tilled lands
  • short: the works, the business, the deeds
  • used: GEN 2:2 (full, then short), GEN 2:3 (short)

βίβλος

  • headword: the inner bark of the papyrus — Middle Liddell, first sense; articular. A book is the entry's third sense and is not taken.
  • chain: the inner bark of the papyrus, the bark, the book
  • used: GEN 2:4

The plainest case so far of the rule against the expected word. The material stands where the reader expects the object; the note carries the explanation.

γένεσις

  • headword: of origin — Middle Liddell, first sense an origin, source, productive cause; genitive, anarthrous.
  • chain: of origin, of source, of productive cause, of beginning, of manner of birth, of race and descent, of production and generation, of creation and the created things
  • used: GEN 2:4

The word the book is named from. It holds the origin of a thing and the account of that origin together, where English splits genesis from generations.

πᾶς

  • headword: all — Middle Liddell, first sense all, the whole.
  • chain: all, the whole, every, every single
  • used: GEN 2:1, GEN 2:2, GEN 2:3

The whole taken together, not merely each part.

οὐρανός and γῆ — anarthrous genitive

GEN 2:4 has them without the article, so no the:

  • of heaven / of heaven, of the vault, of the firmament and the sky
  • of earth / of earth, of land, of the ground

The articular forms are unchanged above.

χλωρός

  • headword: greenish-yellow — Middle Liddell, first sense; a colour, anarthrous.
  • chain: greenish-yellow, pale-green, light-green, green and grassy, yellow, pale and bleached, fresh and living
  • used: GEN 2:5

The colour comes first and the plant is named from it, which is the lexicon's order.

χόρτος

  • headword: an inclosed place — Middle Liddell, first sense an inclosed place, a feeding-place; anarthrous, accusative.
  • chain: an inclosed place, a feeding-place, any feeding-ground, food and fodder and provender, grass, hay
  • used: GEN 2:5

Grass is the entry's fourth sense. The enclosure stands where the reader expects the crop.

ἀγρός — genitive

  • headword: of field — Middle Liddell, first sense fields, lands; genitive singular, anarthrous, so the singular against the lexicon's plural citation form.
  • chain: of field, of lands, of a farm, of the country
  • used: GEN 2:5, twice

πηγή

  • headword: running waters — Middle Liddell, first sense running waters, streams, which the entry marks mostly in pl. while the text has the singular. The lexicon's first translation stands; the number is recorded in the verse's notes.
  • chain: running waters, streams, a fount, a source, an origin
  • used: GEN 2:6

NOT_SENSES drops (the spring and well-head) — fragments of the phrase by which the entry distinguishes πηγή from κρουνός, and so glosses of a different word.

πρόσωπον

  • headword: the face — Middle Liddell, first sense the face, visage, countenance; articular. Genitive articular τῆς γῆς beside it takes of the earth.
  • chain: the face, the visage, the countenance, the look, the mask, the outward appearance
  • used: GEN 2:6, GEN 2:7

The LXX renders Hebrew pānîm here, having dropped it twice in 1:2. That difference is the reason face of the waters is a banned phrase and the face of the earth is not.

χοῦς

  • headword: earth thrown down — the second of the two entries under this spelling (see Homographs above); accusative, anarthrous.
  • chain: earth thrown down, heaped up, dust
  • used: GEN 2:7

πνοή

  • headword: a blowing — Middle Liddell, first sense a blowing, blast, breeze; accusative, anarthrous.
  • chain: a blowing, a blast, a breeze, a breathing hard, breath, flame
  • used: GEN 2:7

The same opening gloss the lexicon gives πνεῦμα at 1:2. Two different words for moving air, and spirit is first in neither.

ζωή — genitive

  • headword: of a living — Middle Liddell, first sense a living; genitive, anarthrous.
  • chain: of a living, of the means of life and substance, of life and existence, of a way of life
  • used: GEN 2:7

A living in the sense of a livelihood stands before life, and the chain keeps the order.

ψυχή

  • headword: breath — Middle Liddell, first sense; accusative, anarthrous.
  • chain: breath, the life, the spirit, life and death, the ghost, the departed soul
  • used: GEN 2:7

Soul is not the first sense and is not the headword. With πνοήν in the same verse the phrase runs breath into breath.

ἄνθρωπος — articular

  • headword: the man — the same entry as the anarthrous man (JHN 1:6, GEN 2:5), with the article the Greek prints.
  • chain: the man, the human being, mankind
  • used: GEN 2:7, twice

κύριος

  • headword: lord — the entry opens as an adjective, having power; the first noun sense is authority over, lord, and the rule takes the first noun sense. Anarthrous.
  • chain: lord, master, the one having power and authority over
  • used: GEN 2:8

Renders the Hebrew divine name, which the Greek replaces with a title rather than transliterating. Say so in the notes wherever it first appears in a chapter.

παράδεισος

  • headword: a park — Middle Liddell, first sense a park; anarthrous at GEN 2:8, articular after (the park).
  • chain: a park, the garden of Eden, paradise
  • used: GEN 2:8, 2:9, 2:10

A Persian loanword for a walled enclosure. The lexicon's second sense names this very garden, which is where the English word comes from.

ἀνατολή

  • headword: risings — Middle Liddell, first sense a rising, rise; accusative plural, anarthrous.
  • chain: risings, rises, the quarter of sunrise, the east
  • used: GEN 2:8

ξύλον

  • headword: wood — Middle Liddell, first sense wood; the wood where articular.
  • chain: wood, firewood, timber, a piece of wood, a post, a stick
  • short: the wood, the timber, the piece of wood
  • used: GEN 2:9, three times

Cut material, not the living δένδρον. The same word carries the cross in Acts and Galatians.

ὅρασις, βρῶσις

  • ὅρασις — headword seeing; chain seeing, the act of sight, a vision. GEN 2:9.
  • βρῶσις — headword meat; chain meat, eating, corrosion and rust. GEN 2:9. Meat stands first and eating second; the third sense is the rust of Matthew 6:19.

ὡραῖος

  • headword: produced at the right season — Middle Liddell, first sense.
  • chain: produced at the right season, seasonable, timely, of the season, gathered in due season
  • used: GEN 2:9

μέσος

  • headword: middle — Middle Liddell, first sense middle, in the middle.
  • chain: middle, in the middle, the centre, mid, between two
  • used: GEN 2:9

καλός and πονηρός

  • καλός — headword beautiful (of beautiful in the genitive); chain beautiful, beauteous, fair, good. GEN 2:9, 2:12.
  • πονηρός — headword of toilsome; chain of toilsome, of painful, of grievous, of good-for-nothing, of bad and worthless, of wicked. GEN 2:9.

πονηρός begins as the word for hard labour and arrives at wickedness only later in the entry. The pair καλοῦ καὶ πονηροῦ is therefore not good and evil in the lexicon's order.

γνωστός

  • headword: known — Middle Liddell, first sense known, to be known.
  • chain: known, to be known
  • used: GEN 2:9 — a word the Hebrew of this phrase does not have; flag divergence.

ποταμός

  • headword: a river — Middle Liddell, first sense a river, stream; the river where articular, to the river in the dative.
  • chain: a river, a stream, a river-god
  • used: GEN 2:10, 2:13, 2:14

ἀρχή — plural, of rivers

  • headword: beginnings — the same entry as ἐν ἀρχῇ; accusative plural, anarthrous.
  • chain: beginnings, origins, first causes, headships and rules and governing precedences
  • used: GEN 2:10

The word that opens Genesis and John, here of the heads of four rivers. The full range is kept precisely so the connection stays on the page.

ὄνομα, εἷς

  • ὄνομα — headword a name; chain a name, fame, a mere name, a phrase and expression. GEN 2:11, 2:13.
  • εἷς — headword to the one (dative); chain to the one, to a single one, to one alone. GEN 2:11. Perseus keys the numeral ei(/s, with an acute.

χρυσίον, ἄνθραξ, λίθος, πράσινος

  • χρυσίον — headword the piece of gold; chain the piece of gold, gold, gold coin and money. The diminutive names a nugget before the metal. GEN 2:11, 2:12.
  • ἄνθραξ — headword the charcoal; chain the charcoal, the coal. One sense only; the gem is named from the burning coal, as Latin carbunculus is. GEN 2:12.
  • λίθος — headword the stone; chain the stone, the precious stone, the marble. GEN 2:12.
  • πράσινος — headword the leek-green; chain the leek-green, the light green. No Middle Liddell entry; LSJ gives leek-green, light green and cites this verse for the stone (λίθος π. = πρασῖτις). Its green faction sense is the Circus and is not in play. GEN 2:12.

ἐκεῖνος

  • headword: of that — Middle Liddell, first sense the person there, that person; genitive, agreeing with γῆς.
  • chain: of that, of the one there, of the more remote
  • used: GEN 2:12

θάνατος

  • headword: with death — Middle Liddell, first sense death; dative, anarthrous.
  • chain: with death, with the death threatened, with the sentence of death
  • used: GEN 2:17 — θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε, the Hebrew infinitive absolute imitated

μόνος

  • headword: alone — Middle Liddell, first sense alone, left alone, forsaken solitary.
  • chain: alone, left alone, forsaken and solitary, only
  • used: GEN 2:18

βοηθός

  • headword: an assistant — the entry opens as an adjective, assisting, auxiliary; the first noun sense is an assistant, and the rule takes it.
  • chain: an assistant, one assisting and auxiliary
  • used: GEN 2:18, GEN 2:20

The Septuagint uses the word of God himself as Israel's helper, so nothing in it implies lesser rank. Say so in the notes rather than choosing a word that decides it.

θηρίον, κτῆνος, πετεινόν

  • θηρίον — headword the wild animals; chain the wild animals, the beasts, the savage beasts, the game. GEN 2:19, 2:20.
  • κτῆνος — headword to the flocks and herds (dative plural); chain to the flocks and herds, to the single beast, to the ox, to the sheep, to the beast for riding. From κτάομαι, to acquire: the domestic animals are named by their belonging. GEN 2:20.
  • πετεινόν — headword the winged fowl; chain the winged fowl, the birds, the able to fly and full fledged. The neuter noun is filed under the adjective πετεινός, whose first noun sense is winged fowl. GEN 2:19, 2:20.

ὅμοιος

  • headword: like — Middle Liddell, first sense like, resembling.
  • chain: like, resembling, the same, all one, shared alike by both
  • used: GEN 2:20

ὅμοιος αὐτῷ here against κατʼ αὐτόν at 2:18 — two Greek phrases for one Hebrew kĕnegdô, and both are kept.

ἔκστασις

  • headword: any displacement — Middle Liddell gives one sense, any displacement: entrancement, astonishment, where the colon marks the application, as with ἐμφυσάω; a trance follows. Accusative, anarthrous.
  • chain: any displacement, entrancement, astonishment, a trance
  • used: GEN 2:21

A standing outside oneself, not sleep. The word of Acts 10:10 and Mark 16:8.

πλευρά

  • headword: of ribs (genitive plural, GEN 2:21) / the rib (accusative articular, GEN 2:22) — Middle Liddell, first sense a rib.
  • chain: of ribs, of the ribs and the side, of one side, of the page
  • used: GEN 2:21, GEN 2:22

A rib and the side are one word; Greek does not choose between them and neither does the chain.

σάρξ

  • headword: flesh — Middle Liddell, first sense; anarthrous.
  • chain: flesh, the flesh, muscles, the body, man's nature generally
  • used: GEN 2:21, GEN 2:23, GEN 2:24

ὀστέον

  • headword: bone (GEN 2:23, the Attic contraction ὀστοῦν) / of the bones (genitive plural) — Middle Liddell has the entry but tags no usable translation in it: only the, sliced out of "the bleached bones of the dead". The sense is LSJ's, bone, and LSJ in build/words.py overrides the entry for that reason.
  • chain: bone, the bones of the dead
  • used: GEN 2:23

The first case of an entry that exists and glosses nothing usable — distinct from ἁγιάζω, which exists and glosses nothing at all.

γυνή and ἀνήρ

  • γυνή — headword a woman (anarthrous) / the woman (articular); chain a woman, a mistress and lady, a wife and spouse, a mortal woman. GEN 2:22, 2:23, 2:24, 2:25.
  • ἀνήρ — headword of the man; chain of the man, of the man in the prime of life. NOT_SENSES drops the Latin homo and vir gregis, and the scrap a woman from "opp. to a woman". GEN 2:23.

Two unrelated Greek words where the Hebrew has a pun — ʾiššâ from ʾîš. The reason clause of 2:23 loses its hinge in Greek, and the note says so. ἀνήρ is also the first word in the chapter that means the male as against ἄνθρωπος, the human being.

πατήρ, μήτηρ

  • πατήρ — headword the father; chain the father, the grandfather. GEN 2:24.
  • μήτηρ — headword the mother; chain the mother, the dam, the source. GEN 2:24.

γυμνός

  • headword: naked — Middle Liddell, first sense naked, unclad.
  • chain: naked, unclad, unarmed, uncovered, stripped of
  • used: GEN 2:25

Unarmed is the entry's second sense, and chapter 3 turns on it.

νῦν, εἷς, δύο

  • νῦν — headword now; chain now, even now, just now. GEN 2:23.
  • εἷς — headword one; chain one, a single one, one alone. GEN 2:21 (μίαν, of the rib), GEN 2:24 (μίαν, of the flesh).
  • δύο — plain text the two. One sense, so no range to open. GEN 2:24, 2:25.

οἱ δύο at 2:24 is not in the Hebrew at all, and every New Testament quotation of the verse quotes the Greek with it. Flag divergence there.

ἀγρός and οὐρανός — articular genitive

τοῦ ἀγροῦ and τοῦ οὐρανοῦ take the article in English, as the rule requires:

  • of the field / of the field, of the lands, of the farm, of the country
  • of the heaven / of the heaven, of the vault, of the firmament and the sky
  • used: GEN 2:19, GEN 2:20, GEN 3:18

GEN 2:19 and 2:20 first carried the anarthrous chains of 2:4–5, of field and of heaven, though both have the article; they were corrected when GEN 3:18 reused them.

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 3

lemma headword chain used
ὄφις the serpent the serpent, the snake 3:1, 3:4, 3:13
φρόνιμος (superl.) most in one's right mind most in one's right mind, most in one's senses, most staid and unmoved and discreet, wisest, most sensible, most prudent 3:1
θηρίον (gen. pl.) of the wild animals of the wild animals, of the beasts, of the savage beasts, of the game 3:1, 3:14
κτῆνος (gen. pl.) of the flocks and herds of the flocks and herds, of the single beasts, of the oxen, of the sheep, of the beasts for riding 3:14
καρπός fruit · of the fruit fruit, produce, returns, profits, result 3:2, 3:3, 3:6
ὀφθαλμός (pl.) the eyes · to the eyes the eyes, the sight, the dearest and best, the buds 3:5, 3:6, 3:7
ἀρεστός acceptable acceptable, pleasing 3:6
φύλλον (pl.) leaves leaves, foliage, petals, herbs 3:7
συκῆ of fig-tree of fig-tree, of fig 3:7
περίζωμα (pl.) girdles round the loins girdles round the loins, aprons 3:7
φωνή the sound · of the sound the sound, the tone, the sound of the voice, the cry, the faculty of speech and discourse, the language, the saying 3:8, 3:10, 3:17
πρόσωπον (anarthrous) face · of the face face, visage, countenance, look, outward appearance 3:8, 3:19
στῆθος the breast the breast, the breast as the seat of feeling, the heart 3:14
κοιλία the large cavity of the body the large cavity of the body, the belly, the intestines, the bowels 3:14
γῆ (anarthrous acc., nom.) earth earth, land, the ground 3:14, 3:19
ἡμέρα (pl.) the days the days, the day-breaks, the times 3:14, 3:17
ἔχθρα hatred hatred, enmity, hatred for and enmity to, feud, hostility 3:15
σπέρμα of that which is sown of that which is sown, of the seed, of the germ and origin and element, of the offspring and issue, of the race and descent 3:15
κεφαλή head head, the whole person, the life, the top, the source, the crown 3:15
πτέρνα heel heel, the under part of the heel, the ham 3:15
λύπη (pl.) the pains of body · in pains of body the pains of body, the distresses and sad plights, the pains of mind, the griefs 3:16, 3:17
στεναγμός the sighing the sighing, the groaning, the moaning 3:16
τέκνον (pl.) things borne things borne, the born, children, the young 3:16
ἀνήρ (acc., dat.) the man · to the man the man, the man in the prime of life 3:6, 3:16
ἀποστροφή the turning back the turning back, the turning away from, the escape from, the resort and resource 3:16
ἔργον, with ἐν in the works within, inside of, and by means of the works, the business, the deeds 3:17
ἄκανθα (pl.) thorns thorns, prickles, prickly plants, thistles, thistledown, spines 3:18
τρίβολος (pl.) caltrops caltrops, three-spiked implements, prickly plants, burrs, thistles, threshing-boards 3:18
χόρτος (articular) the inclosed place the inclosed place, the feeding-place, the feeding-ground, the food and fodder and provender, the grass, the hay 3:18
ἱδρώς, with ἐν in sweat within, inside of, and by means of sweat, exudation, gum 3:19
ἄρτος the cake the cake, the loaf of wheat-bread, the bread 3:19
ὄνομα (articular) the name the name, the fame, the mere name, the phrase and expression 3:20
μήτηρ (anarthrous) mother mother, dam, source 3:20
χιτών (pl.) garments worn next the skin garments worn next the skin, frocks, coats of mail, coverings, skins 3:21
δερμάτινος of skin of skin, leathern 3:21
χείρ the hand the hand, the hand and arm, the arm 3:22
αἰών the period of existence the period of existence, the life-time and life, the age and generation, the long space of time, the era and epoch, the world 3:22
τρυφή of the softness of the softness, of the delicacy and daintiness, of the luxuries, of the luxuriousness and wantonness 3:23, 3:24
φλόγινος the flaming the flaming, the fiery, the flame-colouredno Middle Liddell entry; LSJ, citing this verse 3:24
ῥομφαία large sword large sword, scymitar — the article stands on φλογίνην before it 3:24
ὁδός the way the way, the path, the track, the road, the highway, the course, the journey, the manner and method 3:24

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 4

lemma headword chain used
ἀδελφός the son of the same mother · of … · to … the son of the same mother, the brother, the near kinsman 4:2, 4:8–11, 4:21
ποιμήν herdsman herdsman, shepherd, captain and chief, master and lord, pastor and teacher — LSJ 4:2
πρόβατον (gen. pl.) of anything that walks forward of anything that walks forward, of cattle, of flocks and herds, of horses, of small cattle, of sheep 4:2, 4:4
ἡμέρα (anarthrous pl.) days days, day-breaks, times 4:3
καρπός (gen. pl.) of the fruits of the fruits, of the produce, of the returns and profits, of the results 4:3
θυσία an offering · the offerings an offering, a mode of offering, offerings and sacrifices and sacred rites, a festival, the victim 4:3, 4:5
κύριος (articular) to the lord · the lord the chain of lord, with the article 4:3, 4:13
στέαρ of the stiff fats of the stiff fats, of the tallow, of the suet 4:4
δῶρον the gifts the gifts, the presents, the votive gifts, the blessings 4:4
πεδίον the plain · in the plain the plain, the flat, the plain flat open country 4:8
φύλαξ a watcher a watcher, a guard, a sentinel, a guardian and keeper and protector, an observer 4:9
φωνή (anarthrous) sound sound, tone, sound of the voice, cry, faculty of speech and discourse, language, saying 4:10
αἷμα of blood · the blood of blood, of bloodshed and murder, of race and kinship 4:10, 4:11
στόμα the mouth the mouth, the mouth as the organ of speech, the mouthpiece, the face, the chasm and cleft 4:11
χείρ (gen.) of the hand of the hand, of the hand and arm, of the arm 4:11
ἰσχύς the strength the strength, the might and power and force 4:12
μέγας (comp.) bigger bigger, greater, taller, vaster, stronger and mightier, weightier and more important 4:13
αἰτία the charge the charge, the accusation, the guilt, the fault, the cause 4:13
σημεῖον a sign a sign, a mark and token, a sign from the gods and an omen, a signal, a standard and ensign, a boundary 4:15
γῆ, with ἐν, anarthrous in earth within, inside of, and by means of earth, land, the ground 4:16
πόλις a city · the city a city, a citadel, a country, a body of citizens, a state 4:17
γυνή (pl.) women · to the women women, mistresses and ladies, wives and spouses, mortal women 4:19, 4:23
εἷς (dat.) to the one the chain of GEN 2:11 4:19
πατήρ the father the chain of GEN 2:24 4:20
σκηνή, with ἐν in covered places within, inside of, and by means of covered places, tents, camps, dwelling-places, temples 4:20
κτηνοτρόφος of those keeping cattle of those keeping cattle, of the pastoral 4:20
ψαλτήριον stringed instrument stringed instrument, psaltery, harp — LSJ 4:21
κιθάρα lyre lyre, lute 4:21
χαλκεύς a worker in copper a worker in copper, a smith, a joiner, a worker in metal 4:22
χαλκός, σίδηρος of copper · of iron of copper, of metal, of bronze, of brass · of iron, of a weapon and sword, of a knife and axe-head 4:22
λόγος (pl.) the words the words, the language and talk, the sayings and statements, the speech and discourse 4:23
ἀνήρ (anarthrous) man man, man in the prime of life 4:23
τραῦμα a wound a wound, a hurt and damage, a blow and defeat 4:23
μώλωψ mark of a stripe mark of a stripe, weal, bruise, blood-clot — LSJ 4:23
σπέρμα (acc.) that which is sown the chain of GEN 3:15, in the accusative 4:25
ἕτερος other other, the other of two, another, second, other than usual and different 4:25

λόγος in the plural, Lamech's words, takes a chain of its own, from the entry's senses for words, a saying, speech; the prologue's chain for ὁ λόγος is not borrowed for it.

Three headwords read furthest from the expected word, and all three are the lexicon's order: σπέρμα is that which is sown before it is offspring; τέκνον is that which is borne before it is a child; τρίβολος is a spiked iron for laming horses before it is a thistle.

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 5

lemma headword chain used
βίβλος, γένεσις the inner bark of the papyrus · of origin the chains of GEN 2:4 5:1
ἄνθρωπος (anarthrous gen. pl.) of men of men, of human beings 5:1
ἡμέρα day · the days the chains of GEN 2:4 and 3:14 5:1–31
θεός (anarthrous gen.) of God the chain of GEN 1:2 5:1
θεός (articular dat.) to the God to him who is God definitively, to the one the article marks out, to the known and the only 5:22, 5:24
εἰκών a likeness · the likeness a likeness, an image, a portrait, an image in a mirror, a semblance and phantom, an image in the mind, a similitude and simile 5:1, 5:3
ἄρσην male male, the male sex, masculine and strong, mighty 5:2
θῆλυς female female, the female sex and womankind, belonging to women, feminine, fresh and refreshing, tender and delicate and gentle, soft and yielding and weak 5:2
ὄνομα (articular) the name the chain of GEN 3:20 5:2, 5:3, 5:29
ἰδέα the form the form, the look, the outward appearance, the kind and sort and nature, the mode and fashion, the class and species — sense I reads = εἶδος, form 5:3
ἔργον (gen. pl.) of the works the short chain of GEN 2:2, in the genitive 5:29
λύπη (gen. pl.) of the pains of body the chain of GEN 3:17, in the genitive 5:29
χείρ (gen. pl.) of the hands of the hands, of the hands and arms, of the arms 5:29

ἰδέα and εἰκών at 5:3 render one Hebrew pair, dĕmût and ṣelem, that 1:26 rendered with εἰκών and ὁμοίωσις; each Greek word keeps its own chain, so the reader sees the change of word.

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 6

lemma headword chain used
ἄνθρωπος (articular pl.) the men · of the men · in the men the men, the human beings, mankind, in the form 6:1–5
ἄνθρωπος (anarthrous gen.) of man of a man, of a human being 6:7, 6:13
πολύς many many, often, much and mighty and great, deep, loud, strong, large and wide, far, long 6:1
καλός (pl.) beautiful the chain of GEN 2:9 6:2
γυνή women · the woman · the women the chains of GEN 2:22 and 4:19, in the form 6:2, 6:18
πνεῦμα the blowing · blowing the chain of GEN 1:2, with the article at 6:3 6:3, 6:17
σάρξ fleshes · flesh · of flesh the chain of GEN 2:21, in the form; the plural fleshes, the flesh, muscles, bodies, man's nature generally 6:3, 6:12, 6:17, 6:19
αἰών the period of existence · of period of existence the chain of GEN 3:22, in the form 6:3, 6:4
γίγας the giants the giants, the sons of Gaia, the mighty — Middle Liddell's the Giants, lower case as the Greek is 6:4
ἡμέρα with ἐν in the days within, inside of, and by means of the days, the day-breaks, the times 6:4
ὀνομαστός named named, to be named, of name and note, notable, famous 6:4
κακία (pl.) the badnesses the badnesses, the defects, the cowardices and sloths, the moral badnesses and wickednesses and vices, the ill-reputes, the evils 6:5
καρδία with ἐν in the heart within, inside of, and by means of the heart, the stomach 6:5
πονηρός (articular n. pl.) the toilsome the chain of GEN 2:9, with the article 6:5
πρόσωπον (anarthrous) face the chain of GEN 4:14, in the same phrase 6:7
κτῆνος of flocks and herds · of the flocks and herds of flocks and herds, of a single beast, of an ox, of a sheep, of a beast for riding; the articular plural of GEN 3:14 6:7, 6:19, 6:20
ἑρπετόν of walking animals · of the walking animals of walking animals, of quadrupeds, of creeping things, of reptilesa walking animal is the first sense, a creeping thing the second 6:7, 6:19, 6:20
πετεινόν, οὐρανός of the winged fowl · of the heaven the chains of GEN 2:19–20, in the genitive 6:7, 6:17, 6:20
χάρις outward grace outward grace, favour, loveliness, graciousness and kindness and goodwill, thankfulness and thanks and gratitude, a favour and kindness and boon, a gratification and delight — the numbered senses; Perseus's heading, Grace, left out 6:8
γένεσις (pl.) the origins the chain of GEN 2:4, in the nominative plural 6:9
δίκαιος observant of custom and social rule observant of custom and social rule, well-ordered and civilised, observant of right and righteous, even and well-balanced, regular and exact, right and lawful and just, real and genuine and true, fair and moderate 6:9
τέλειος having reached its end having reached its end, finished and complete, perfect and without spot or blemish, fullgrown, absolute and accomplished and perfect in his kind, fulfilled 6:9
γενεά with ἐν in the race within, inside of, and by means of the race, the stock and family, the breed, the tribe and nation, the generation, the offspring, the birth-place, the age and time of life 6:9
ἀδικία of wrong-doing of wrong-doing, of injustice, of a wrong, of an injury 6:11, 6:13
ὁδός the way the chain of GEN 3:24 6:12
καιρός due measure due measure, proportion, fitness, a vital part, the right point of time, the proper time and season, the exact and critical time, the time, advantage and profit and fruit 6:13
κιβωτός a wooden box · the wooden box · of the wooden box a wooden box, a chest, a coffer, in the form 6:14–16, 6:18, 6:19
ξύλον (gen. pl.) of woods of woods, of firewood, of timbers, of pieces of wood, of posts, of sticks 6:14
τετράγωνος of with four equal angles of with four equal angles, of rectangular, of square, of squared, of perfect — an adjective in the genitive takes of, as at 2:9 6:14
νοσσιά nests of young birds nests of young birds, nests — under νεοσσιά 6:14
ἄσφαλτος with the asphalt with the asphalt, with the bitumen 6:14
πῆχυς of fore-arms · fore-arm of fore-arms, of arms, of centrepieces of the bow, of horns and sides of the lyre, of cubits and ells, of cubit-rules, in the form — the measure is sense IV 6:15, 6:16
μῆκος, πλάτος, ὕψος the length · the breadth · the height the length, the distances, the height and tallness and stature · the breadth, the width · the height, the top and summit and crown 6:15
θύρα the door the door, the folding doors, the gate, the court, the trap-door, the frame of planks and raft, the entrance 6:16
πλάγιος (n. pl. as noun) of sides of sides, of flanks — the first noun sense 6:16
κατάγαιος in the earth in the earth, under the earth, underground, subterranean — under κατάγειος 6:16
κατακλυσμός the deluge the deluge, the inundation 6:17
ζωή (anarthrous gen.) of a living the chain of GEN 2:7 6:17
διαθήκη the disposition the disposition of property by will, the will and testament, the arrangement between two parties, the covenant 6:18
θηρίον (gen. pl.) of the wild animals the chain of GEN 3:1 6:19
ὄρνεον of the birds of the birds, of the bird-market 6:20
γένος race race, stock and family, offspring and posterity, a clan and house, a tribe and caste, a breed, an age and generation, sex and gender, a class and sort and kind, genus 6:20
βρῶμα of the things which are eaten of the things which are eaten, of the foods, of the meats 6:21

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 7

lemma headword chain used
οἶκος the house the house, the abode and dwelling, the room and chamber, the house of a god and temple, the household goods and substance, the household and family 7:1
καθαρός (articular gen. pl.) of the clear of dirt of the clear of dirt, of the clean and spotless and unsoiled, of the clear and open and free, of the clear from shame and pollution and pure, of the clear of admixture, of the genuine; μή before it as plain not 7:2, 7:3, 7:8
ἡμέρα (anarthrous gen. pl.) of days of days, of day-breaks, of times 7:4
ὑετός rain · the rain rain, a heavy shower 7:4, 7:12
νύξ (pl.) night-seasons night-seasons, nights, watches of the night, darknesses of night, nights of death — the first tagged translation is the night-season 7:4, 7:12, 7:17
ἐξανάστασις the rising up from the rising up from, the resurrection 7:4
ἀνάστημα the height the height, the majesty, the protuberance and prominence, the high ground, the erection and building and structure, the eruption — LSJ 7:23
ζωή with ἐν in the life within, inside of, and by means of the life, the means of life and substance, existence, a way of life — the articular chain of GEN 3:17 7:11
πηγή (pl., articular) the running waters the running waters, the streams, the founts, the sources, the origins — the chain of GEN 2:6 7:11
ἄβυσσος (gen.) of the great deep the chain of GEN 1:2, in the genitive 7:11
καταρράκτης (pl.) the broken waters the broken waters, the waterfalls, the portcullises, the gulls — the first noun sense; down-rushing is the adjective 7:11
θηρίον, κτῆνος, ἑρπετόν, πετεινόν (nom.) the wild animals · the flocks and herds · walking animal · winged fowl the chains of GEN 6, in the nominative 7:14
ὄρος (pl.) the mountains the mountains, the hills 7:19, 7:20
ὑψηλός (articular pl.) the high the high, the lofty, the high-raised, the highland, the stately 7:19, 7:20
πῆχυς (acc. pl.) fore-arms the chain of GEN 6:15, in the accusative 7:20
πνοή a blowing the chain of GEN 2:7 7:22
κιβωτός with ἐν in the wooden box within, inside of, and by means of the wooden box, the chest, the coffer 7:23

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 8

lemma headword chain used
κεφαλή (pl.) the heads the heads, the whole persons, the lives, the tops, the sources, the crowns — the chain of GEN 3:15 in the plural 8:5
ὄρος (gen. pl.) of the mountains of the mountains, of the hills 8:5
κόραξ the carrion-crow the carrion-crow, the raven, the engine like a raven's beak for grappling ships, the hooked handle of a door, the instrument of torture 8:7
περιστερά the common pigeon the common pigeon, the dove 8:8–12
ὀπίσω + genitive after after, backwards, back and back again, again, hereafter, behind — the entry's sense with the genitive 8:8
ἀνάπαυσις repose repose, rest, relaxation and recreation, rest from 8:9
πούς (dat. pl.) to the feet to the feet, to the talons, to the feet of a hill 8:9
ἕτερος (pl.) other the chain of GEN 4:25 8:10, 8:12
πάλιν back back, backwards, again and once more and anew, again in turn 8:10, 8:12
ἑσπέρα evening evening, eventide, eve, nightfall, the west 8:11
φύλλον (sg.) leaf leaf, foliage, petal, herb — the chain of GEN 3:7 in the singular 8:11
ἐλαία of olive-tree of olive-tree, of olives, of the fruit of the olive-tree and olive 8:11
κάρφος a dry stalk a dry stalk, dry sticks, dry twigs and chips and straws and bits of wool 8:11
στόμα with ἐν in the mouth within, inside of, and by means of the mouth, the mouth as the organ of speech, the mouthpiece, the face, the chasm and cleft — the chain of GEN 4:11 8:11
στέγη the roof the roof, the roofed place, the chamber and room, the tent 8:13
πετεινόν, κτῆνος (anarthrous gen. pl.) of winged fowl · of flocks and herds the chains of GEN 6, without the article 8:17
ὀσμή a smell a smell, a scent, an odour 8:21
διάνοια the thought the thought, the intention and purpose, the notion and opinion, the intelligence and understanding, the meaning 8:21
νεότης youth youth, youthful spirit and impetuosity, rashness and petulance, a body of youth 8:21
ζάω (pres. ptcp.) living the chain of GEN 2:7 8:21
καθώς according as according as, just as, like as if, exactly as, how — the entry opens = καθά 8:21
θερισμός, ψῦχος, καῦμα, θέρος, ἔαρ reaping-time · cold · burning heat · summer · spring reaping-time, harvest, the crop · cold, winter-time, coolness · burning heat, sun-heat, fever-heat · summer, summertime, summer-fruits and harvest and crop · spring, prime and flower 8:22
ἡμέρα, νύξ (anarthrous acc. sg.) day · night-season day, day-break, time · night-season, night, the watches of the night, the dark of night, the night of death 8:22

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 9

lemma headword chain used
τρόμος the trembling the trembling, the quaking, the quivering 9:2
φόβος the flight the flight, the panic fear, the fear and terror, the outward show of fear, the object of terrorflight, the only sense in Homer, is sense I 9:2
πᾶς (dat. pl.) to all the chain of GEN 2:20 9:2, 9:10
θηρίον (dat. pl.) to the wild animals the chain of GEN 2:20 9:2, 9:10
ὄρνεον (pl.) the birds · of birds the birds, the bird-market, the chain of GEN 6:20 in the form 9:2, 9:10
ἰχθύς (pl.) the fishes the fishes, the fish-market 9:2
θάλασσα of the sea of the sea, of the Mediterranean, of a well of salt water 9:2
χείρ (acc. pl., anarthrous) · (gen. sg., anarthrous) hands · of hand hands, hands and arms, arms · of hand, of hand and arm, of arm 9:2, 9:5
ἑρπετόν walking animal the chain of GEN 7:14 9:3
βρῶσις meat the chain of GEN 2:9 9:3
λάχανον (pl.) garden-herbs garden-herbs, potherbs, vegetables, greens, the vegetable-market and green-market 9:3
χόρτος (anarthrous gen.) of an inclosed place the chain of GEN 2:5, in the genitive 9:3
πᾶς (τὰ πάντα, as a noun) the all things the all things, the everything, the whole — the entry's neuter used as a noun, all things 9:3
κρέας flesh flesh, meat, a piece of meat, dressed meat, a body and person — not σάρξ, whose headword is also flesh; the note says which 9:4
αἷμα in blood · blood · of the blood the chain of GEN 4:10, in the form 9:4, 9:5, 9:6
ψυχή of breath · of the breaths · the breath · to breath the chain of GEN 2:7, in the form 9:4, 9:5, 9:10, 9:12, 9:15, 9:16
ἄνθρωπος of man · of the man · the man · man the chains of GEN 6:7, 8:21, 2:7 and JHN 1:6 9:5, 9:6, 9:20
ἀδελφός of son of the same mother · to sons of the same mother · to the sons of the same mother the chain of GEN 4:2, in the form 9:5, 9:22, 9:25
εἰκών with ἐν in a likeness within, inside of, and by means of a likeness, … — the chain of GEN 5:1 9:6
σπέρμα (dat.) to that which is sown the chain of GEN 4:25, in the dative 9:9
διαθήκη the disposition · of the disposition · of a disposition · a disposition the chain of GEN 6:18, in the form 9:9–17
κτῆνος (anarthrous gen. pl.) of flocks and herds the chain of GEN 8:17 9:10
κατακλυσμός of the deluge · a deluge · the deluge the chain of GEN 6:17, in the form 9:11, 9:15, 9:28
σημεῖον the sign · a sign the chain of GEN 4:15, in the form 9:12, 9:13, 9:17
γενεά (pl.) races races, stocks and families, breeds, tribes and nations, generations, offspring, birth-places, ages and times of life — the chain of GEN 6:9 in the plural 9:12
αἰώνιος lasting for an age lasting for an age, ever-lasting, eternal 9:12, 9:16
ζάω (pres. ptcp., attributive) of living · to the living the chain of GEN 2:7 and 3:22, in the form 9:10, 9:12, 9:15, 9:16
τόξον the bow the bow, the bow and arrows, the rays — τόξῳ, by guess, one construction, left out 9:13, 9:14, 9:16
νεφέλη with ἐν · (pl.) in the cloud · clouds within, inside of, and by means of the cloud, the bird-net · clouds, bird-nets 9:13, 9:14, 9:16
πατήρ (anarthrous) father father, grandfather — as μήτηρ at 3:20 9:18
οὗτος (pl.) these · of these the chain of GEN 6:9, in the form 9:19
γεωργός a husbandman a husbandman, one tilling the ground — the first noun sense, then the adjective, as βοηθός at 2:18 9:20
γῆ (anarthrous gen.) of earth the chain of GEN 2:4 9:20
οἶκος with ἐν · (pl.) in the house · in the houses the chain of GEN 7:1, in the form 9:21, 9:27
γύμνωσις the stripping the stripping, the nakedness, the defenceless side 9:22, 9:23
πατήρ the father · of the father the chain of GEN 2:24, in the form 9:22, 9:23
ἱμάτιον the outer garment the outer garment, the cloak and mantle, the Roman toga, the clothes, the cloth 9:23
νῶτον (pl.) backs backs, wide surfaces, plains, ridges — κατὰ νώτου, from behind, one construction, left out 9:23
πρόσωπον the face the chain of GEN 2:6 9:23
ὀπισθοφανής seen from behind seen from behind, showing behind, appearing behind or after, reversing the image, looking backwardsno Middle Liddell entry; LSJ, citing 9:23 9:23
νέος (comp.) the younger the younger, the more youthful, the newer and fresher, the stranger 9:24
παῖς a child a child, a son, a daughter, a grandchild, a boy and youth and lad, a girl and maiden, a slave and servant and man and maida slave, servant is sense III, in relation to condition 9:25, 9:26, 9:27
οἰκέτης a house-slave a house-slave, a menial 9:25

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 14

lemma headword chain used
βασιλεία, with ἐν in the kingdom the chain of GEN 10:10, after ἐν 14:1
βασιλεύς a king · of a king · the kings · kings · of the kings a king, a chief, an hereditary king, a lord and master and householder, the second of the nine archons, the king of Persia, in the form — lower case for Archons; the comparative more kingly and the example the king's son, prince left out 14:1–22
ἔθνος (gen. and acc. pl.) of numbers of people accustomed to live together · numbers of … the chain of GEN 10:5, anarthrous 14:1, 14:5, 14:9
πόλεμος battle battle, fight and war, one sense of three glosses 14:2, 14:8
φάραγξ the cleft the cleft and chasm, the ravine and gully 14:3
ἁλυκός salt salt, brackish — LSJ, after a plain the 14:3, 14:8, 14:10
θάλασσα the sea the chain of GEN 12:8, with the article 14:3
ἅλς of the salt of the salt, of the lumps of salt — the plural's salt heads the plural; the sea, ἡ ἅλς, is the feminine's 14:3
γίγας the giants the chain of GEN 6:4 14:5
ἰσχυρός strong strong, mighty, hard, obstinate and stiff and stubborn and inveterate and excessive and severe — the neuter as a noun, the superlative and the adverb left out 14:5
πόλις the city the chain of GEN 4:17, with the article, after a name under ἐν 14:5
ὄρος, with ἐν in the mountains the chain of GEN 7:19, after ἐν 14:6
τερέμινθος of the terebinth of the terebinth, of the turpentine tree — under τέρμινθος 14:6
ἔρημος, with ἐν in the desert part the chain of GEN 12:9 14:6
πηγή the running waters the chain of GEN 2:6, with the article 14:7
κρίσις of the separating of the separating and power of distinguishing, of the choice and selection, of the decision and judgment, of the means of judging, of the trial, of the result of a trial and condemnation, of the dispute, of the event and issue 14:7
ἄρχων the rulers the chain of GEN 12:15 14:7
κοιλάς the hollow · in the hollow the hollow, the deep valley, and after ἐν 14:8, 14:10, 14:17
φρέαρ wells wells, tanks and cisterns and reservoirs, oil jars(opp. a spring) left out 14:10
ἄσφαλτος of asphalt the chain of GEN 11:3, in the genitive 14:10
ὀρεινός, used as a noun the mountainous the mountainous and hilly, the dwelling on the mountains 14:10
ἵππος the horse the horse and mare, the horse and cavalry — ἡ ἵππος; the plural's chariot-horses and the compounds' anything large left out 14:11, 14:16, 14:21
βρῶμα the things which are eaten the chain of GEN 6:21, in the accusative 14:11
ἀποσκευή the removal the removal and riddance, the baggage, the household stuff, the ordure and filth — LSJ 14:12
τις any one the chain of GEN 6:5 14:13
περάτης to the ferryman to the ferryman, to the boatman and seaman, to the conveyer, to the wanderer and emigrant — LSJ, through πορθμεύς 14:13
δρῦς to the tree the chain of GEN 12:6, in the dative 14:13
ἀδελφός of the son of the same mother · of son of the same mother · the son of the same mother the chains of GEN 4:9, 9:5 and 4:2 14:12–16
συνωμότης fellow-conspirators fellow-conspirators, confederates 14:13
ἴδιος one's own one's own, pertaining to oneself, private and personal, peculiar and separate and distinct, peculiar and different, strange and unaccustomed, after a plain the — the noun's and adverb's senses left out 14:14
οἰκογενής born in the house born in the house, homebred 14:14
νύξ the night-season the chain of GEN 8:22, with the article 14:15
παῖς the children the chain of GEN 12:16, with the article 14:15
γυνή the women the chain of GEN 4:19, with the article 14:16
λαός the people the people, the men, the soldiers, the land-army, the common men, the folk, the Jews, the Christians 14:16
κοπή of the cutting in pieces of the cutting in pieces, of the slaughter — the word of Hebrews 7:1 14:17
πεδίον the plain the chain of GEN 4:8 14:17
ἄρτος cakes cakes, loaves of wheat-bread, breads — the chain of GEN 3:19, in the plural 14:18
ἱερεύς a priest a priest, a sacrificer, a minister 14:18
οὐρανός, γῆ the heaven · the earth the chains of GEN 1:1, as the counterpart-below included, since γῆ is paired with οὐρανός 14:19, 14:22
ἐχθρός, used as a noun the one's enemies the one's enemies, the hated and hateful, the hostile and at enmity with — the noun sense, one's enemy, first 14:20
ὑποχείριος under the hand under the hand and in hand, under any one's hand and under command and subject, into one's power 14:20
δεκάτη tenth part tenth part, tithe, tenth day, tenth day after birth, naming-day, tenth — under δέκατος, whose noun sense heads it; the adjective's tenth last 14:20
ἀνήρ (pl.) the men · of the men the chain of GEN 3:6, in the plural 14:21, 14:24
χείρ the hand the chain of GEN 3:22 14:22
σφαιρωτήρ of thong of thong and latchet, of a ball, of knop — LSJ 14:23
ὑπόδημα of a sole bound under the foot with straps of a sole bound under the foot with straps, of a sandal, of a half-boot 14:23
σός, used as a noun of the thy property of the thy property, of the thy interests, of the thy and thine and of thee — τὰ σά's senses, with the article the Greek prints; the masculine's thy kinsfolk and the singular's thy business left out 14:23
μερίς of the part · a part of the part, of the portion, of the share, of the parcel, of the contribution, of the part and division and class, in the form 14:24

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 13

lemma headword chain used
ἔρημος, used as a noun the desert part the chain of GEN 12:9, without ἐν 13:1, 13:3
πλούσιος rich rich, wealthy, opulent, rich in, richly furnished, ample and abundant 13:2
κτῆνος (dat. and gen. pl.) with flocks and herds · of the flocks and herds the chain of GEN 2:20, in the form; the dative with with, as at 12:17 13:2, 13:7
ἀργύριον with a piece of silver with a piece of silver, with a silver coin, with money and a sum of money and cash, with silver 13:2
χρυσίον with a piece of gold the chain of GEN 2:11, anarthrous, in the dative 13:2
σκηνή the covered place · covered places the chain of GEN 12:8 · of GEN 4:20 13:3, 13:5
τόπος of the place · the place the chain of GEN 12:6, in the form 13:3, 13:4, 13:14
ἀρχή the beginning the beginning, the origin, the first cause, the headship and rule and governing precedence — the chain of GEN 2:10 in the singular, with the article 13:4
βοῦς cows cows, oxen, kine and cattle, ox-hide shields 13:5
πρόβατον things that walk forward the chain of GEN 12:16 13:5
πολύς many the chain of GEN 6:1 13:6
μάχη battle battle, fight and combat, quarrels and strifes and wranglings, a contest, a struggle, a mode of fighting and way of battle, a field of battle 13:7, 13:8
ποιμήν of the herdsmen the chain of GEN 4:2, in the genitive plural 13:7, 13:8
ἄνθρωπος (pl.) men · the men men, human beings · the men, the human beings, mankind — the chains of JHN 1:6 and GEN 2:7, in the plural 13:8, 13:13
ἀδελφός sons of the same mother · of the son of the same mother the chain of GEN 4:2, in the form 13:8, 13:11
ἀριστερός, used as a noun left left and on the left, the left hand, boding ill and ominous — εἰς ἀριστερά, anarthrous 13:9
δεξιός, used as a noun right right, on the right hand, fortunate and boding good and lucky, dexterous and ready, sharp and shrewd and clever — εἰς δεξιά: the first noun sense, the right, without the article the Greek does not print; the entry's first sense is on the right hand 13:9
περίχωρος the country round about · of the countries round about the country round about, the round about a place, the people about, in the form — the entry's sense for ἡ περίχωρος, ahead of the adjective's round about a place and οἱ περίχωροι, the people about 13:10, 13:11, 13:12
παράδεισος the park the chain of GEN 2:8, with the article 13:10
γῆ the earth · in earth · of the earth the chains of GEN 12 13:6–17
πόλις, with ἐν in city within, inside of, and by means of city, citadel, country, body of citizens, state — the chain of GEN 4:17, anarthrous, after ἐν 13:12
πονηρός toilsome the chain of GEN 2:9, in the nominative 13:13
ἁμαρτωλός sinful sinful, sinners — the adjective, and as a noun a sinner 13:13
ὀφθαλμός the eyes · with the eyes the chain of GEN 3:5, in the form 13:10, 13:14
βορρᾶς north wind north wind, the north, northward — under Βορέας, whose North is set in lower case, as the Greek has it 13:14
ἀνατολή of risings · risings the chain of GEN 2:8, in the form 13:11, 13:14
θάλασσα sea the chain of GEN 12:8 13:14
σπέρμα to that which is sown · that which is sown the chain of GEN 3:15, in the form 13:15, 13:16
αἰών of the period of existence the chain of GEN 3:22, in the genitive 13:15
ἄμμος the sand the sand, the sandy ground and race-course 13:16
τις any one the chain of GEN 6:5 13:16
μῆκος, πλάτος the length · the breadth the chains of GEN 6:15 13:17
δρῦς the tree the chain of GEN 12:6 13:18

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 12

lemma headword chain used
συγγένεια of the sameness of descent of the sameness of descent, of the family and relationship and kin, of the ties of kindred and family connexion and influence, of the kinsfolk and kinsmen, of the families 12:1
οἶκος (gen.) of the house the chain of GEN 7:1, in the genitive 12:1
ἔθνος (sg.) a number of people accustomed to live together the chain of GEN 10:5, in the singular 12:2
μέγας big · with big the chain of GEN 10:12, in the form 12:2, 12:17
τόπος of the place of the place, of the local circumstances, of the position, of the passage in a book, of the topic, of the common-place, of the occasion and opportunity 12:6
μῆκος the length the chain of GEN 6:15 12:6
δρῦς the tree the tree, the oak, the wood, the worn-out old manoriginally a tree, commonly the oak 12:6
ὑψηλός high the chain of GEN 7:19, after a plain the 12:6
ὄρος the mountain the mountain, the hill 12:8
σκηνή the covered place the covered place, the tent, the camp, the dwelling-place, the temple — the chain of GEN 4:20, in the singular 12:8
θάλασσα (anarthrous) sea sea, the Mediterranean, a well of salt water 12:8
ὄνομα with ἐπί to the name the chain of GEN 3:20, in the dative 12:8
ἔρημος, used as a noun in the desert part within, inside of, and by means of the desert part, the desolate, the lone and lonely and lonesome and solitary, the helpless, the reft and void and destitute, the undefendeddesert parts, τὰ ἐρῆμα, is the entry's first noun sense; ἡ ἐρῆμος is given no translation of its own 12:9
λιμός hunger · the hunger hunger, famine 12:10
εὐπρόσωπος fair of face fair of face, with glad countenance, fair in outward show and specious 12:11
γυνή woman · to the woman · a woman · the woman the chains of GEN 2:22 and 8:16, in the form 12:5, 12:11–20
ψυχή breath · the breath the chain of GEN 2:7 12:5, 12:13
καλός beautiful the chain of GEN 2:9 12:14
ἄρχων the rulers the rulers, the commanders, the chiefs, the captains, the chief magistrates 12:15
πρόβατον things that walk forward the chain of GEN 4:2, in the nominative 12:16
μόσχος calves calves, young bulls, heifers and young cows, boys and girls and maids, young animals — under μόσχος² 12:16
ὄνος asses asses, beasts of burden, windlasses and pulleys, upper millstones, beakers and wine-cups 12:16
παῖς children the chain of GEN 9:25, in the plural 12:16
παιδίσκη young girls young girls, maidens, young slaves, courtesans 12:16
ἡμίονος half-asses half-asses, mules, wild asses 12:16
κάμηλος camels camels, the camels in an army, the camelry and camel-brigade 12:16
ἐτασμός with trials with trials, with afflictions — LSJ, through ἔτασις 12:17
πονηρός with toilsome the chain of GEN 2:9, in the dative 12:17
ἀνήρ to men the chain of GEN 4:23, in the dative plural 12:20

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 11

lemma headword chain used
χεῖλος lip · the lips lip, bill and beak, edge and brink and brim and rim, in the number — lip-service and with the lips, pieces of proverbs, left out 11:1, 11:6, 11:9
εἷς (n.) one the chain of GEN 2:21 11:1, 11:6
φωνή sound · the sound the chain of GEN 4:10, with and without the article 11:1, 11:7
πεδίον a plain the chain of GEN 4:8, without the article 11:2
πῦρ with fire with fire, with the funeral-fire, with the fire of the hearth — the entry's symbol of things irresistible or terrible left out 11:3
λίθος a stone a stone, a precious stone, marble 11:3
ἄσφαλτος asphalt asphalt, bitumen — the chain of GEN 6:14 11:3
πηλός the clay the clay, the earth, the mud, the mire 11:3
πόλις a city · the city the chain of GEN 4:17 11:4, 11:5, 11:8
πύργος a tower · the tower a tower, the city walls with towers, a movable tower for storming, a tower of defence, the highest part of any building, troops drawn up in close order and a column, with and without the article 11:4, 11:5, 11:8
κεφαλή the head the chain of GEN 3:15, with the article 11:4
πρόσωπον of face · face the chain of GEN 3:8, anarthrous 11:4, 11:8, 11:9
γένος race the chain of GEN 6:20 11:6
γλῶσσα the tongue the chain of GEN 10:5, with the article 11:7
ὄνομα the name · a name the chains of GEN 3:20 and 2:11 11:4, 11:9, 11:29
χώρα in the space in which a thing is · of the space … the chain of GEN 10:20, in the singular 11:28, 11:31
γυνή women · to the woman · a woman the chains of GEN 4:19 and 2:22, in the form 11:29, 11:31
πατήρ of the father · father the chains of GEN 9:22 and 9:18 11:28, 11:29
στεῖρα a cow that has not calved a cow that has not calved, barrenbarren, of a woman, is the entry's second translation, citing the New Testament 11:30
νύμφη the young wife the young wife and bride, the married woman, the marriageable maiden, the nymph, the chrysalis and pupadaughter-in-law, the verse's sense, is sense 4, untagged 11:31

Nouns and adjectives new in GEN 10

lemma headword chain used
γένεσις (pl.) the origins · origins the chain of GEN 6:9, with and without the article 10:1, 10:32
ἔθνος (pl.) of the numbers of people accustomed to live together · in the … · the … of the numbers of people accustomed to live together, of the companies and bodies of men, of the hosts, of the swarms and flocks, of the nations and peoples, of the nations and gentiles, of the special classes, of the castes and tribes, of the sexes, in the form — a nation is sense 2; Gentiles lower case 10:5, 10:20, 10:31, 10:32
γῆ with ἐν in the earth within, inside of, and by means of the land, the dry ground, the terrestrial realm 10:5, 10:10
γλῶσσα tongue · tongues tongue, tongue as the organ of speech, tongue and language, mouthpiece of a pipe, in the number 10:5, 10:20, 10:31
φυλή (pl.) in the races · the races within, inside of, and by means of the races, the tribes, the bodies united by ties of blood and descent, the clans, the tribes by local habitation, the hundreds and counties, the contingents furnished by a tribe, the brigades 10:5, 10:18, 10:20, 10:31, 10:32
γίγας (sg.) giant giant, son of Gaia, mighty — the chain of GEN 6:4 in the singular 10:8, 10:9
κυνηγός hound-leader hound-leader, huntsman — under κυναγός 10:9
κύριος, θεός (gen.) of lord · of the God the chains of GEN 3:8 10:9
ἀρχή beginning beginning, origin, first cause, headship and rule and governing precedence — the chain of GEN 2:10 in the singular 10:10
βασιλεία of the kingdom of the kingdom, of the dominion, of the hereditary monarchy 10:10
ἐκεῖνος (gen.) of that the chain of GEN 2:12 10:11
πόλις the city the chain of GEN 4:17, with the article 10:11, 10:12
μέγας big · of the bigger big, great, tall, full-grown, vast and high, spacious and wide, strong and mighty, violent, loud, prevailing, weighty and important; the comparative, the chain of GEN 4:13 in the genitive 10:12, 10:21
ὅριον (pl.) the boundaries the boundaries, the limits, the borders, the frontier 10:19
χώρα (pl.) with ἐν in the spaces in which a thing is within, inside of, and by means of the spaces in which a thing is, the places, the positions and posts, the places in life and stations, the lands and countries, the pieces of land and estates and farms, the countries 10:20, 10:31
πατήρ (dat.) to father to father, to grandfather 10:21
ἀδελφός (dat.) to son of the same mother · to the son of the same mother the chain of GEN 4:2, in the form 10:21, 10:25
ὄνομα, εἷς a name · to the one the chains of GEN 2:11 10:25
ὄρος (sg.) a mountain a mountain, a hill 10:30
ἀνατολή (gen. pl.) of risings the chain of GEN 2:8, in the genitive 10:30

Nearly every other word of the chapter is a name. A people's name declined in Greek — Κίτιοι, Ῥόδιοι, Χετταῖος, Ἀράδιος, Χαναναῖος — is glossed like a person's, with its English form in the anchored panel (Citians, Hittite, Canaanites); where the Greek names a different people from the Hebrew (Ῥόδιοι for Dōdānîm), it is the Greek's that is anchored, and the note gives the Hebrew. A name glossed in one case is bare in another (Σιδῶνα at 10:15, Σιδῶνος at 10:19).


Aspect formulas

Fixed wording. These go in the reading text, never in a footnote. The word-by-word layer uses the same wording.

aspect formula where it sits
aorist one completed act seen whole, not a process observed in progress plain text after the verb's unit, in dashes (GEN 1:1)
imperfect (state) and kept on being as a standing and continuing condition inside ἦν's plain text
imperfect (εἰμί, pre-existence) was already in unbroken existence without any point of having come to be inside ἦν's plain text
imperfect (other verbs) was being … inside the verb's chain and headword (ἐπιφέρω)
perfect a standing resultant state, not a past event — worded to the verb inside the verb's chain

Names

Gloss on first occurrence per chapter, bare thereafter.

Greek unanchored form anchored form gloss
Ἰωάννης Iōannēs John (Ἰωάννης, from Hebrew Yôḥānān, "Yah has shown favour")
Εδεμ Edem Eden (Εδεμ, from Hebrew ʿĒden, "delight, luxury")
Φισων Phisōn Pishon (Φισων, from Hebrew Pîšôn, perhaps from pûš, "to leap, spring")
Ευιλατ Euilat Havilah (Ευιλατ, from Hebrew Ḥăwîlâ, usually connected with ḥôl, "sand")
Γηων Gēōn Gihon (Γηων, from Hebrew Gîḥôn, from gîaḥ, "to burst forth")
Αἰθιοπίας Aithiopia Ethiopia (Αἰθιοπίας, from αἴθω, "to burn", and ὤψ, "face"; Hebrew Kûš)
Τίγρις Tigris Tigris (Τίγρις, from Old Persian tigrā, "arrow", for its swiftness; Hebrew Ḥiddeqel)
Ἀσσυρίων Assyriōn Assyrians (Ἀσσυρίων, the Assyrians, from Aššur — their god, their city, and their land)
Εὐφράτης Euphratēs Euphrates (Εὐφράτης, from Old Persian Ufrātu; Hebrew Pĕrāt)
Αδαμ Adam Adam (Αδαμ, from Hebrew ʾādām, "man", from ʾădāmâ, "ground")
Ζωή Zōē Zoe (Ζωή, "life"; Hebrew Ḥawwâ, from ḥāyâ, "to live")
χερουβιμ cheroubim cherubim (χερουβιμ, the Hebrew plural kĕrûbîm, of kĕrûb, a word of uncertain derivation)
Ευαν Euan Eve (Ευαν, from Hebrew Ḥawwâ, which 3:20 translated Ζωή, "life")
Καιν Kain Cain (Καιν, from Hebrew Qayin, which the verse ties to qānâ, "to get, acquire")
Αβελ Abel Abel (Αβελ, from Hebrew Hebel, "breath, vapour")
Ναιδ Naid Nod (Ναιδ, from Hebrew Nôd, "wandering")
Ενωχ Enōch Enoch (Ενωχ, from Hebrew Ḥănôk, usually connected with ḥānak, "to dedicate")
Γαιδαδ Gaidad Irad (Γαιδαδ, from Hebrew ʿÎrād, of uncertain meaning)
Μαιηλ Maiēl Mehujael (Μαιηλ, from Hebrew Mĕḥûyāʾēl, of uncertain meaning, ending in ʾēl, "God")
Μαθουσαλα Mathousala Methuselah (Μαθουσαλα, the Greek form of Hebrew Mĕtûšelaḥ at 5:21, given here for Mĕtûšāʾēl, usually explained as "man of God")
Λαμεχ Lamech Lamech (Λαμεχ, from Hebrew Lemek, of uncertain meaning)
Αδα Ada Adah (Αδα, from Hebrew ʿĀdâ, usually connected with ʿădî, "ornament")
Σελλα Sella Zillah (Σελλα, from Hebrew Ṣillâ, usually connected with ṣēl, "shade")
Ιωβελ Iōbel Jabal (Ιωβελ, from Hebrew Yābāl, usually connected with yābal, "to lead, bring")
Ιουβαλ Ioubal Jubal (Ιουβαλ, from Hebrew Yûbal, usually connected with yābal, "to lead, bring")
Θοβελ Thobel Tubal (Θοβελ, from Hebrew Tûbal-qayin, without its second part)
Νοεμα Noema Naamah (Νοεμα, from Hebrew Naʿămâ, "pleasant")
Σηθ Sēth Seth (Σηθ, from Hebrew Šēt, which the verse ties to šît, "to set, appoint")
Ενως Enōs Enosh (Ενως, from Hebrew ʾĕnôš, "man, mankind")
Σηθ (GEN 5) Sēth Seth (Σηθ, from Hebrew Šēt, which 4:25 ties to šît, "to set, appoint")
Καιναν Kainan Kenan (Καιναν, from Hebrew Qênān, usually connected with Qayin, the name of Cain)
Μαλελεηλ Maleleēl Mahalalel (Μαλελεηλ, from Hebrew Mahălalʾēl, "praise of God")
Ιαρεδ Iared Jared (Ιαρεδ, from Hebrew Yered, usually connected with yārad, "to go down")
Μαθουσαλα (GEN 5) Mathousala Methuselah (Μαθουσαλα, from Hebrew Mĕtûšelaḥ, usually explained as "man of the javelin")
Νωε Nōe Noah (Νωε, from Hebrew Nōaḥ, usually connected with nûaḥ, "to rest")
Σημ Sēm Shem (Σημ, from Hebrew Šēm, "name")
Χαμ Cham Ham (Χαμ, from Hebrew Ḥām, usually connected with ḥam, "hot")
Ιαφεθ Iapheth Japheth (Ιαφεθ, from Hebrew Yepet, which 9:27 ties to pātâ, "to make wide")
Χανααν Chanaan Canaan (Χανααν, from Hebrew Kĕnaʿan, of uncertain meaning)
GEN 10 ninety-one names, their glosses in data/GEN/10.json; the anchored forms are the English Bible's, and Κίτιοι, Ῥόδιοι are Citians, Rhodians
Σύγχυσις Synchysis Confusion (Σύγχυσις, "a commixture, confusion", for Hebrew Bābel, which the verse ties to bālal, "to confuse")
Ραγαυ Ragau Reu (Ραγαυ, from Hebrew Rĕʿû, usually connected with rēaʿ, "friend")
Σερουχ Serouch Serug (Σερουχ, from Hebrew Śĕrûg, of uncertain meaning)
Ναχωρ Nachōr Nahor (Ναχωρ, from Hebrew Nāḥôr, of uncertain meaning)
Θαρα Thara Terah (Θαρα, from Hebrew Teraḥ, of uncertain meaning)
Αβραμ Abram Abram (Αβραμ, from Hebrew ʾAbrām, "the father is exalted")
Αρραν Arran Haran (Αρραν, from Hebrew Hārān, of uncertain meaning)
Λωτ Lōt Lot (Λωτ, from Hebrew Lôṭ, of uncertain meaning)
Χαλδαίων Chaldaiōn Chaldeans (Χαλδαῖος, the Greek name of Hebrew Kaśdîm)
Σαρα, Σαραν Sara, Saran Sarai (Σαρα, from Hebrew Śāray, usually connected with śārâ, "princess") — bare in the accusative
Μελχα Melcha Milcah (Μελχα, from Hebrew Milkâ, usually connected with malkâ, "queen")
Ιεσχα Iescha Iscah (Ιεσχα, from Hebrew Yiskâ, of uncertain meaning)
Χαρραν Charran Haran (Χαρραν, from Hebrew Ḥārān, the city Harran)

| Αἴγυπτον | Aigypton | Egypt | (Αἴγυπτος, the Greek name of the land; Hebrew Miṣrayim) | | Αἰγύπτιοι | Aigyptioi | Egyptians | (Αἰγύπτιος, the man of Αἴγυπτος, Egypt) | | Φαραω | Pharaō | Pharaoh | (Φαραω, from Hebrew Parʿōh, from the Egyptian for "great house") | | Συχεμ | Sychem | Shechem | (Συχεμ, from Hebrew Šĕkem, "shoulder") | | Βαιθηλ | Baithēl | Bethel | (Βαιθηλ, from Hebrew Bêt-ʾēl, "house of God") | | Αγγαι | Angai | Ai | (Αγγαι, from Hebrew hāʿAy, "the ruin") | | Χαναναῖοι | Chananaioi | Canaanites | (Χαναναῖος, from Hebrew Kĕnaʿănî, "of Canaan") |

Αἰγύπτιοι and Αἴγυπτον stand in one verse at 12:14, and validate.py took the people for a case of the land's name; names now match only where what differs is a case ending on both sides.

| Φερεζαῖοι | Pherezaioi | Perizzites | (Φερεζαῖος, from Hebrew Pĕrizzî, usually connected with pĕrāzî, "a villager") | | Ιορδάνου | Iordanou | Jordan | (Ἰορδάνης, from Hebrew Yardēn, usually connected with yārad, "to go down") | | Σοδομα, Σοδομοις | Sodoma, Sodomois | Sodom | (Σόδομα, from Hebrew Sĕdōm, of uncertain meaning) — the gloss of GEN 10:19; bare in the dative | | Γομορρα | Gomorra | Gomorrah | (Γόμορρα, from Hebrew ʿĂmōrâ, of uncertain meaning) — the gloss of GEN 10:19 | | Ζογορα | Zogora | Zoar | (Ζογορα, from Hebrew Ṣōʿar, "small") | | Μαμβρη | Mambrē | Mamre | (Μαμβρη, from Hebrew Mamrēʾ, of uncertain meaning) | | Χεβρων | Chebrōn | Hebron | (Χεβρων, from Hebrew Ḥebrôn, usually connected with ḥeber, "association") |

Σοδομοις at 13:12 is two letters longer than Σοδομα at 13:10, and validate.py matched two forms of a name only within one letter of each other's length, which keeps Καιν apart from Καιναν. It now allows more where both forms carry a case ending, with a test.

| Αμαρφαλ | Amarphal | Amraphel | (Αμαρφαλ, from Hebrew ʾAmrāpel, of uncertain meaning) | | Αριωχ | Ariōch | Arioch | (Αριωχ, from Hebrew ʾAryôk, of uncertain meaning) | | Ελλασαρ | Ellasar | Ellasar | (Ελλασαρ, from Hebrew ʾEllāsār, of uncertain meaning) | | Χοδολλογομορ | Chodollogomor | Chedorlaomer | (Χοδολλογομορ, from Hebrew Kĕdorlāʿōmer, usually connected with the Elamite for "servant of Lagamar") | | Θαργαλ | Thargal | Tidal | (Θαργαλ, from Hebrew Tidʿāl, of uncertain meaning) | | Βαλλα | Balla | Bera | (Βαλλα, from Hebrew Beraʿ, of uncertain meaning) | | Βαρσα | Barsa | Birsha | (Βαρσα, from Hebrew Biršaʿ, of uncertain meaning) | | Σεννααρ (the king) | Sennaar | Shinab | (Σεννααρ, for Hebrew Šinʾāb, of uncertain meaning) | | Συμοβορ | Symobor | Shemeber | (Συμοβορ, from Hebrew Šemʾēber, of uncertain meaning) | | Βαλακ | Balak | Bela | (Βαλακ, from Hebrew Belaʿ, usually connected with bālaʿ, "to swallow") | | Σηγωρ | Sēgōr | Zoar | (Σηγωρ, from Hebrew Ṣōʿar, "small") | | Ασταρωθ, Καρναιν | Astarōth, Karnain | Ashteroth, Karnaim | (Ασταρωθ, from Hebrew ʿAštĕrōt, the goddess Astarte, in the plural), (Καρναιν, from Hebrew Qarnayim, "two horns") | | Ομμαίους | Ommaious | Emim | (Ομμαῖος, from Hebrew ʾÊmîm, usually connected with ʾêmâ, "terror") | | Σαυη | Sauē | Shaveh | (Σαυη, from Hebrew Šāwēh, "level plain") | | Χορραίους | Chorraious | Horites | (Χορραῖος, from Hebrew Ḥōrî, usually connected with ḥōr, "cave") | | Σηιρ | Sēir | Seir | (Σηιρ, from Hebrew Śēʿîr, "hairy") | | Φαραν | Pharan | Paran | (Φαραν, from Hebrew Pāʾrān, of uncertain meaning) | | Καδης | Kadēs | Kadesh | (Καδης, from Hebrew Qādēš, "holy") | | Αμαληκ | Amalēk | Amalek | (Αμαληκ, from Hebrew ʿĂmālēq, of uncertain meaning) | | Ασασανθαμαρ | Asasanthamar | Hazazon-tamar | (Ασασανθαμαρ, from Hebrew Ḥaṣăṣōn Tāmār, the second word "palm tree") | | Αμορις | Amoris | Amorite | (Αμορις, from Hebrew hāʾĔmōrî, "the Amorite") | | Εσχωλ | Eschōl | Eshcol | (Εσχωλ, from Hebrew ʾEškōl, "cluster") | | Αυναν | Aunan | Aner | (Αυναν, from Hebrew ʿĀnēr, of uncertain meaning) | | Δαν | Dan | Dan | (Δαν, from Hebrew Dān, "judge") | | Χωβα | Chōba | Hobah | (Χωβα, from Hebrew Ḥôbâ, of uncertain meaning) | | Δαμασκοῦ | Damaskou | Damascus | (Δαμασκός, from Hebrew Dammeśeq, of uncertain meaning) | | Μελχισεδεκ | Melchisedek | Melchizedek | (Μελχισεδεκ, from Hebrew Malkî-ṣedeq, "king of righteousness") | | Σαλημ | Salēm | Salem | (Σαλημ, from Hebrew Šālēm, usually connected with šālôm, "peace") |

GEN 14 prints Σεννααρ twice for two bearers: the land, Shinar, at 14:1 and 14:9, and Shinab, king of Adama, at 14:2. Each is glossed on its first occurrence. validate.py counted a name as glossed by its Greek form alone, and would have called the king's gloss a second gloss of the land; it now tells bearers apart by their English names, with a test, and words.py gives each card its own bearer's gloss. Σηγωρ is the Ζογορα of 13:10, spelt another way.

Σύγχυσις translates the name where 10:10 gave the city its Greek name, Βαβυλών; as with Ζωή at 3:20, the anchored form is the English of the name the Greek prints, Confusion. Αρραν the man (Hārān) and Χαρραν the city (Ḥārān) are both Haran in English, and two names in Greek.

A name glossed again in a later chapter keeps its gloss, unless the gloss spoke of the verse it stood in: Σηθ's which the verse ties becomes which 4:25 ties. Μαθουσαλα at GEN 5 is glossed for Mĕtûšelaḥ himself, where 4:18 gave the Greek name to Mĕtûšāʾēl.

Where the Greek and the English Bible name the same person with one name, differently spelled, the anchored form is the English Bible's: Ενως is Enosh, Καιναν Kenan. Luke 3:36–38 spells Καιναν and Ιαρεδ Καϊνάμ and Ἰάρετ; for that reason their dictionary forms are the forms Rahlfs prints, not MorphGNT's (see the second-pass brief).

The anchored form is the English form of the name the Greek prints, which is not always the English Bible's name for the person. Μαθουσαλα at GEN 4:18 is Methuselah, though the Hebrew there names Cain's descendant Methushael; Θοβελ at 4:22 is Tubal, though the Hebrew has Tubal-cain. The gloss records the Hebrew, and the note flags the difference.

A name that appears twice in the verse that glosses it (Αβελ at GEN 4:2) prints its gloss the first time only.

Ζωή at GEN 3:20 translates the Hebrew name instead of transliterating it, and Rahlfs capitalises it as a name; so the anchored form is the English form of that name, Zoe, not Eve, which comes from the Hebrew. χερουβιμ is printed in lower case, and stays lower case in both panels; its names entry is what makes it a name to the checks.

Rahlfs prints the Semitic names bare — Εδεμ, Φισων, Ευιλατ, Γηων — with no accent or breathing, and the Greek-formed ones accented: Αἰθιοπίας, Ἀσσυρίων, Εὐφράτης, Τίγρις. The transcription keeps that distinction, and it is itself evidence of which names the translators felt to be Greek words.

Written [[name:Ἰωάννης]] in reading; the renderer picks the form by panel.

Every occurrence is written that way, including the ones after the first. The first carries the entry above; each later one carries the same entry with "bare": true and no gloss, so the form prints alone. Genesis 2 needs this from the start — Εδεμ stands in 2:8 and again in 2:10, and Αδαμ runs through 2:16–23.


What build/validate.py enforces from this file

  • a headword never stands bare, as plain text outside its unit
  • no em dash inside a chain
  • BANNED_PHRASES — seeded with face of the waters and face of the deep (GEN 1:2)

It does not yet check that a headword matches its recorded lexicon sense, or that a recurring chain matches its entry here. Both are still enforced by reading this file first.