Custom Python exception with `kind` and `path`

[samuelcolvin]

We need a new exception that subclasses ValueError and adds a kind attribute which is the name from:

jiter/crates/jiter/src/errors.rs

Line 6 in 1fbedbf

pub enum JsonErrorType {

and

jiter/crates/jiter/src/errors.rs

Line 189 in 1fbedbf

pub enum JiterErrorType {

[samuelcolvin]

We also want:

• the path of the error, e.g. ['foo', 'bar', 0] - this should be opt in with (another) generic option, hopefully the last
• the exact position of the error (as well as line and column number) this would allow the value that was rejected (e.g. NaN in the case of allow_nan_inf=False) to be extracted manually