From 0c22f7d5f3b5f5dd9d9d99a973fa3d9f55bcda6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2026 14:24:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] chore: switch project tooling to ty

---
 .github/workflows/lint-test.yaml              |   4 +-
 .gitignore                                    |   5 -
 .pre-commit-config.yaml                       |  11 +-
 AGENTS.md                                     |   2 +-
 CONTRIBUTING.md                               |   9 +-
 Makefile                                      |   3 +-
 README.md                                     |   2 +-
 .../plugboard_schemas/__init__.py             |   2 +-
 .../plugboard_schemas/_validator_registry.py  |   2 +-
 plugboard-schemas/pyproject.toml              |   8 -
 plugboard/__init__.py                         |   2 +-
 plugboard/component/component.py              |   4 +-
 plugboard/component/utils.py                  |  21 +-
 plugboard/connector/asyncio_channel.py        |   6 +-
 plugboard/connector/ray_channel.py            |   8 +-
 plugboard/events/event_handlers.py            |   3 +-
 plugboard/library/llm.py                      |   4 +-
 plugboard/library/sql_io.py                   |  27 +--
 plugboard/state/state_backend.py              |   6 +-
 plugboard/utils/logging.py                    |   4 +-
 plugboard/utils/ray.py                        |   6 +-
 pyproject.toml                                |  23 ++-
 tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py |   7 +-
 tests/integration/test_job_id_wiring.py       |   6 +-
 tests/integration/test_tuner.py               |   9 +-
 tests/unit/test_llm.py                        |   1 +
 tests/unit/test_schemas.py                    |   6 +-
 uv.lock                                       | 181 +++---------------
 28 files changed, 139 insertions(+), 233 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint-test.yaml b/.github/workflows/lint-test.yaml
index ea9291bc4..2411f1523 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint-test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint-test.yaml
@@ -52,9 +52,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Type checking
         run: |
-          uv run mypy plugboard/ --explicit-package-bases
-          uv run mypy plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/ --explicit-package-bases
-          uv run mypy tests/
+          uv run ty check plugboard/ plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/ tests/
         if: always()
 
       - name: Code complexity
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2407baa44..9107d2280 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -146,11 +146,6 @@ venv.bak/
 # mkdocs documentation
 /site
 
-# mypy
-.mypy_cache/
-.dmypy.json
-dmypy.json
-
 # Pyre type checker
 .pyre/
 
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 7b6323346..19fc07c54 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,15 +11,10 @@ repos:
       args: [ --fix ]
     # Run the formatter.
     - id: ruff-format
-- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.15.0
+- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ty
+  rev: 0.0.61
   hooks:
-    - id: mypy
-      additional_dependencies:
-        - types-PyYAML
-        - types-requests
-        - pydantic
-        - msgspec[yaml]
+    - id: ty
 - repo: https://github.com/rubik/xenon
   rev: v0.9.3
   hooks:
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 2bb5af985..cfc7f6e9d 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Plugboard is an event-driven framework in Python for simulating and orchestratin
 - You can delegate to the `lint` agent in `.github/agents` to resolve linting issues.
 - **Tools**: 
   - `ruff` - Formatting and linting.
-  - `mypy` - Static type checking.
+  - `ty` - Static type checking.
 - **Commands**:
   - `make lint` - Check for issues.
   - `make format` - Auto-format code.
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index bab13f862..3257e35d8 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -28,11 +28,18 @@ uv run pytest .
 
 ### Linting
 
-We use [ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) for code formatting and style. Install the pre-commit hook by running
+We use [ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) for code formatting and style, and
+[ty](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty) for static type checking. Install the pre-commit hook by
+running
 ```sh
 uv run pre-commit install
 ```
 
+You can run the full local lint suite with
+```sh
+make lint
+```
+
 ### Documentation
 
 The package documentation uses [Material for MkDocs](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/) and can be viewed locally by running
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 408230690..f4e11d373 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ init: $(VENV)/__makefile_stamps_init
 lint: init
 	uv run ruff check
 	uv run ruff format --check
-	uv run mypy $(SRC)/ --explicit-package-bases
-	uv run mypy $(TESTS)/
+	uv run ty check $(SRC)/ ./plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/ $(TESTS)/
 
 .PHONY: test
 test: init
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1d08a70bc..8e43f4129 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Some examples of what you can build with Plugboard include:
 - **YAML model specification** format for saving model definitions, allowing you to run the same model locally or in cloud infrastructure;
 - A **command line interface** for executing models;
 - Built to handle the **data intensive simulation** requirements of industrial process applications;
-- Modern implementation with **Python 3.12+** based around **asyncio** with complete type annotation coverage;
+- Modern implementation with **Python 3.12+** based around **asyncio** with complete type annotation coverage checked with **ty**;
 - Built-in integrations for **loading/saving data** from cloud storage and SQL databases;
 - Built-in **LLM integrations** for building AI-augmented process models with support for multiple providers;
 - **Detailed logging** of component inputs, outputs and state for monitoring and process mining or surrogate modelling use-cases.
diff --git a/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py b/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py
index b578491e9..5928a087c 100644
--- a/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py
+++ b/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 )
 
 
-__version__ = version(__package__)
+__version__ = version("plugboard-schemas")
 
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/_validator_registry.py b/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/_validator_registry.py
index 9738993a9..a94b83573 100644
--- a/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/_validator_registry.py
+++ b/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/_validator_registry.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def __len__(self) -> int:
         return len(self._validators)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        names = [fn.__name__ for fn in self._validators]
+        names = [getattr(fn, "__name__", type(fn).__name__) for fn in self._validators]
         return f"{type(self).__name__}({names!r})"
 
 
diff --git a/plugboard-schemas/pyproject.toml b/plugboard-schemas/pyproject.toml
index b682b8445..71ea2f738 100644
--- a/plugboard-schemas/pyproject.toml
+++ b/plugboard-schemas/pyproject.toml
@@ -37,14 +37,6 @@ root = ".."
 [tool.uv]
 package = true
 
-[tool.mypy]  # Static type checking
-exclude = [".git", "__pycache__", ".venv", "venv"]
-ignore_missing_imports = true
-disallow_untyped_defs = true
-disallow_incomplete_defs = true
-no_implicit_optional = true
-plugins = "pydantic.mypy"
-
 [tool.ruff]  # Code formatting and linting
 line-length = 100
 src = ["plugboard_schemas"]
diff --git a/plugboard/__init__.py b/plugboard/__init__.py
index 501cb51e3..e009248dc 100644
--- a/plugboard/__init__.py
+++ b/plugboard/__init__.py
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
 from importlib.metadata import version
 
 
-__version__ = version(__package__)
+__version__ = version("plugboard")
diff --git a/plugboard/component/component.py b/plugboard/component/component.py
index 933170e98..af51a2eb6 100644
--- a/plugboard/component/component.py
+++ b/plugboard/component/component.py
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ def _configure_io(cls) -> None:
         cls.io = IO(
             inputs=sorted(io_args["inputs"], key=str),
             outputs=sorted(io_args["outputs"], key=str),
-            input_events=sorted(io_args["input_events"], key=str),
-            output_events=sorted(io_args["output_events"], key=str),
+            input_events=_t.cast(list[_t.Type[Event]], sorted(io_args["input_events"], key=str)),
+            output_events=_t.cast(list[_t.Type[Event]], sorted(io_args["output_events"], key=str)),
             event_field_coverage=event_field_coverage,
         )
         # Set exports for subclass
diff --git a/plugboard/component/utils.py b/plugboard/component/utils.py
index b9e4f75c1..b40a4af39 100644
--- a/plugboard/component/utils.py
+++ b/plugboard/component/utils.py
@@ -11,10 +11,17 @@
 from plugboard.utils import gen_rand_str
 
 
-_FuncT = _t.TypeVar(
-    "_FuncT",
-    bound=_t.Callable[..., _t.Union[dict[str, _t.Any], _t.Awaitable[dict[str, _t.Any]]]],
-)
+class _ComponentFunction(_t.Protocol):
+    __name__: str
+    __module__: str
+    __doc__: str | None
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, *args: _t.Any, **kwargs: _t.Any
+    ) -> dict[str, _t.Any] | _t.Awaitable[dict[str, _t.Any]]: ...
+
+
+_FuncT = _t.TypeVar("_FuncT", bound=_ComponentFunction)
 
 _FUNC_COMPONENT_DOC_TEMPLATE = Template(
     """Component for wrapped function $name.
@@ -101,9 +108,11 @@ async def step(self) -> _t.Any:
 
 def _ensure_async_callable(func: _FuncT) -> _t.Callable[..., _t.Awaitable[dict[str, _t.Any]]]:
     if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func):
-        return func
+        return _t.cast(_t.Callable[..., _t.Awaitable[dict[str, _t.Any]]], func)
+
+    sync_func = _t.cast(_t.Callable[..., dict[str, _t.Any]], func)
 
     async def _async_func(*args: _t.Any, **kwargs: _t.Any) -> dict[str, _t.Any]:
-        return func(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return sync_func(*args, **kwargs)
 
     return _async_func
diff --git a/plugboard/connector/asyncio_channel.py b/plugboard/connector/asyncio_channel.py
index d9b6dd123..ce9c7f9e5 100644
--- a/plugboard/connector/asyncio_channel.py
+++ b/plugboard/connector/asyncio_channel.py
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ def __init__(
         self._queue: asyncio.Queue = queue or asyncio.Queue(maxsize=maxsize)
         self._subscribers: _t.Optional[set[asyncio.Queue]] = subscribers
 
-    async def send(self, item: _t.Any) -> None:
+    async def send(self, msg: _t.Any) -> None:
         """Sends an item through the `Channel`."""
         if self._subscribers is None:
-            return await self._queue.put(item)
+            return await self._queue.put(msg)
         async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:
             for queue in self._subscribers:
-                tg.create_task(queue.put(item))
+                tg.create_task(queue.put(msg))
 
     async def recv(self) -> _t.Any:
         """Returns an item received from the `Channel`."""
diff --git a/plugboard/connector/ray_channel.py b/plugboard/connector/ray_channel.py
index 9bb5ba2c4..63a653be7 100644
--- a/plugboard/connector/ray_channel.py
+++ b/plugboard/connector/ray_channel.py
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class RayChannel(Channel):
     @depends_on_optional("ray")
     def __init__(  # noqa: D417
         self,
-        actor_options: _t.Optional[dict] = None,
+        actor_options: _t.Optional[dict[str, _t.Any]] = None,
         **kwargs: _t.Any,
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         """Instantiates `RayChannel`.
 
         Args:
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ def is_closed(self) -> bool:
         """
         return self._actor.getattr.remote("is_closed")  # type: ignore
 
-    async def send(self, item: _t.Any) -> None:
+    async def send(self, msg: _t.Any) -> None:
         """Sends an item through the `RayChannel`."""
-        await self._actor.send.remote(item)  # type: ignore
+        await self._actor.send.remote(msg)  # type: ignore
 
     async def recv(self) -> _t.Any:
         """Returns an item received from the `RayChannel`."""
diff --git a/plugboard/events/event_handlers.py b/plugboard/events/event_handlers.py
index a92003d90..c1031a911 100644
--- a/plugboard/events/event_handlers.py
+++ b/plugboard/events/event_handlers.py
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ def decorator(method: AsyncCallable) -> AsyncCallable:
     def _get_class_path_for_method(method: AsyncCallable) -> str:
         """Get the fully qualified path for the class containing a method."""
         module_name = method.__module__
-        qualname_parts = method.__qualname__.split(".")
+        qualname = getattr(method, "__qualname__", type(method).__qualname__)
+        qualname_parts = qualname.split(".")
         class_name = qualname_parts[-2]  # Last part is the method name
         return f"{module_name}.{class_name}"
 
diff --git a/plugboard/library/llm.py b/plugboard/library/llm.py
index fe303b719..9322ba562 100644
--- a/plugboard/library/llm.py
+++ b/plugboard/library/llm.py
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ def _set_response(self, chat_response: ChatResponse, expand: bool) -> None:
         if not expand:
             self.response: str | None = chat_response.message.content
         else:
-            for field, value in chat_response.raw.model_dump().items():  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            if chat_response.raw is None:
+                raise ValueError("Expected structured response payload from LLM.")
+            for field, value in chat_response.raw.model_dump().items():
                 setattr(self, field, value)
 
 
diff --git a/plugboard/library/sql_io.py b/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
index d56507574..ea9c0010f 100644
--- a/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
+++ b/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 """Provides `SQLReader` and `SQLWriter` components to access SQL databases from Plugboard models."""
 
+import collections.abc as cabc
 from collections import defaultdict, deque
 import typing as _t
 
 from sqlalchemy import MetaData, Table, insert, text
-from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine, Row, create_engine
+from sqlalchemy.engine import Connection, Engine, Row, create_engine
 from sqlalchemy.exc import InvalidRequestError
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncEngine, create_async_engine
 
@@ -41,10 +42,12 @@ def __init__(
         self._connection_string = connection_string
         self._query = query
         self._params = params or {}
-        self._reader: _t.Optional[_t.AsyncIterator | _t.Iterator] = None
+        self._reader: cabc.AsyncIterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]] | cabc.Iterator[
+            cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]
+        ] | None = None
         self._connect_args = connect_args or {}
 
-    async def _run_query_async(self) -> _t.AsyncIterator[_t.Sequence[Row]]:
+    async def _run_query_async(self) -> cabc.AsyncIterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]]:
         engine = create_async_engine(self._connection_string, **self._connect_args)
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             if self._chunk_size:
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ async def _run_query_async(self) -> _t.AsyncIterator[_t.Sequence[Row]]:
                 yield list(result)
             raise NoMoreDataException
 
-    def _run_query_sync(self) -> _t.Iterator[_t.Sequence[Row]]:
+    def _run_query_sync(self) -> cabc.Iterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]]:
         engine = create_engine(self._connection_string, **self._connect_args)
         with engine.connect() as conn:
             if self._chunk_size:
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ def _run_query_sync(self) -> _t.Iterator[_t.Sequence[Row]]:
                 yield list(result)
             raise NoMoreDataException
 
-    async def _fetch(self) -> _t.Sequence[Row]:
+    async def _fetch(self) -> cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]:
         if self._reader is None:
             try:
                 self._reader = self._run_query_async()
@@ -87,9 +90,9 @@ async def _fetch(self) -> _t.Sequence[Row]:
                 self._reader = self._run_query_sync()
                 return next(self._reader)
 
-        if isinstance(self._reader, _t.AsyncIterator):
+        if isinstance(self._reader, cabc.AsyncIterator):
             return await self._reader.__anext__()
-        return next(self._reader)
+        return next(_t.cast(cabc.Iterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]], self._reader))
 
     async def _convert(self, data: _t.Sequence[Row]) -> dict[str, deque]:
         converted_data: dict[str, deque] = defaultdict(deque)
@@ -138,11 +141,11 @@ async def _save_rows_async(self, data: list[dict[str, _t.Any]]) -> None:
             raise RuntimeError("No async database connection available")
         async with self._engine.connect() as conn:
             if self._table is None:
-                await conn.run_sync(
-                    self._metadata.reflect,
-                    only=[self._table_name],
-                )
-                self._table = Table(self._table_name, self._metadata, autoload_with=self._engine)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                def _load_table(sync_conn: Connection) -> Table:
+                    self._metadata.reflect(bind=sync_conn, only=[self._table_name])
+                    return Table(self._table_name, self._metadata, autoload_with=sync_conn)
+
+                self._table = await conn.run_sync(_load_table)
             await conn.execute(insert(self._table).values(data))
 
     def _save_rows_sync(self, data: list[dict[str, _t.Any]]) -> None:
diff --git a/plugboard/state/state_backend.py b/plugboard/state/state_backend.py
index 6257ba229..39e4acd47 100644
--- a/plugboard/state/state_backend.py
+++ b/plugboard/state/state_backend.py
@@ -37,18 +37,18 @@ def __init__(
             metadata: Metadata key value pairs.
             kwargs: Additional keyword arguments.
         """
-        self._local_state = {"job_id": job_id, "metadata": metadata, **kwargs}
+        self._local_state: dict[str, _t.Any] = {"job_id": job_id, "metadata": metadata, **kwargs}
         self._initialised_with_job_id = False
         self._logger = DI.logger.resolve_sync().bind(cls=self.__class__.__name__, job_id=job_id)
         self._logger.info("StateBackend created")
         self._ctx = ExitStack()
 
-    def __getstate__(self) -> dict:
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, _t.Any]:
         state = self.__dict__.copy()
         state.pop("_ctx", None)
         return state
 
-    def __setstate__(self, state: dict) -> None:
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, _t.Any]) -> None:
         self.__dict__.update(state)
         self._ctx = ExitStack()
         job_id = self._local_state.get("job_id")
diff --git a/plugboard/utils/logging.py b/plugboard/utils/logging.py
index 0c9fde88d..333b3b404 100644
--- a/plugboard/utils/logging.py
+++ b/plugboard/utils/logging.py
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 
 def _is_ipython() -> bool:
     try:
-        from builtins import get_ipython  # type: ignore [attr-defined]  # noqa: F401
+        from IPython import get_ipython
     except ImportError:
         return False
-    return True
+    return get_ipython() is not None
 
 
 def _serialiser(obj: _t.Any, default: _t.Callable | None) -> bytes:
diff --git a/plugboard/utils/ray.py b/plugboard/utils/ray.py
index e3037d177..b84d298fe 100644
--- a/plugboard/utils/ray.py
+++ b/plugboard/utils/ray.py
@@ -31,13 +31,14 @@ def _call_with_name(func: _t.Callable, path: tuple[str, ...]) -> _t.Callable:
     # underlying function (which supports __signature__ assignment) rather than
     # the bound method object (which does not).
     wraps_target = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", type(func).__name__)
 
     @wraps(wraps_target)
     def wrapper(self: _ActorWrapper, *args: _t.Any, **kwargs: _t.Any) -> _t.Callable:
         obj = self._self
         for name in path:
             obj = getattr(obj, name)
-        return getattr(obj, func.__name__)(*args, **kwargs)
+        return getattr(obj, func_name)(*args, **kwargs)
 
     return wrapper
 
@@ -47,13 +48,14 @@ def _call_with_name_async(func: _t.Callable, path: tuple[str, ...]) -> _t.Callab
     # underlying function (which supports __signature__ assignment) rather than
     # the bound method object (which does not).
     wraps_target = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", type(func).__name__)
 
     @wraps(wraps_target)
     async def wrapper(self: _ActorWrapper, *args: _t.Any, **kwargs: _t.Any) -> _t.Callable:
         obj = self._self
         for name in path:
             obj = getattr(obj, name)
-        return await getattr(obj, func.__name__)(*args, **kwargs)
+        return await getattr(obj, func_name)(*args, **kwargs)
 
     return wrapper
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index c997d2d38..5c30996ac 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ dev = [
     "ipywidgets>=8.1.5,<9",
     "jupyterlab>=4.2,<5",
     "licensecheck>=2025.1.0",
-    "mypy>=1.11,<3",
     "nbstripout>=0.8,<1",
     "pre-commit>=3.8,<5",
     "radon>=6.0.1,<7",
     "ruff>=0.5,<1",
+    "ty>=0.0.61",
     "types-aiofiles>=24.1,<26",
     "xenon>=0.9.3,<1",
 ]
@@ -147,13 +147,20 @@ parallel = true
 concurrency = ["multiprocessing", "thread"]
 sigterm = true
 
-[tool.mypy]  # Static type checking
-exclude = [".git", "__pycache__", ".venv", "venv", "docs", "examples"]
-ignore_missing_imports = true
-disallow_untyped_defs = true
-disallow_incomplete_defs = true
-no_implicit_optional = true
-plugins = "pydantic.mypy"
+[tool.ty]  # Static type checking
+
+[tool.ty.analysis]
+replace-imports-with-any = [
+    "openai_responses.**",
+    "pandas.**",
+    "ray.**",
+    "websockets.**",
+]
+
+[tool.ty.rules]
+invalid-type-form = "ignore"
+possibly-missing-submodule = "ignore"
+unused-type-ignore-comment = "ignore"
 
 [tool.ruff]  # Code formatting and linting
 line-length = 100
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py b/tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py
index e1ae893a8..a6db2a51e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py
@@ -142,8 +142,13 @@ async def test_process_builder_with_decorated_components(
 ) -> None:
     """Tests a process using components created with the component decorator executes correctly."""
     iters = 10
+    process_type = (
+        "plugboard.process.LocalProcess"
+        if process_cls.__name__ == "LocalProcess"
+        else "plugboard.process.RayProcess"
+    )
     process_spec = ProcessSpec(
-        type=f"{process_cls.__module__}.{process_cls.__name__}",
+        type=process_type,
         args=ProcessArgsSpec(
             components=[
                 ComponentSpec(
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_job_id_wiring.py b/tests/integration/test_job_id_wiring.py
index c820236b0..d7fbbb21f 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_job_id_wiring.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_job_id_wiring.py
@@ -65,8 +65,10 @@ def built_process(self) -> _t.Optional[Process]:
     def build(self, spec: ProcessSpec) -> Process:
         """Build the process."""
         self._built_process = self._actual_build_fn(spec)
-        setattr(self._built_process, "run", lambda: self._mock_process_run(self._built_process))
-        return self._built_process
+        built_process = self._built_process
+        assert built_process is not None
+        setattr(built_process, "run", lambda: self._mock_process_run(built_process))
+        return built_process
 
     @staticmethod
     async def _mock_process_run(process: Process) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_tuner.py b/tests/integration/test_tuner.py
index bba81b826..2b144320e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_tuner.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_tuner.py
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ async def test_tune(config: dict, mode: str, process_type: str, ray_ctx: None) -
     best_result = tuner.run(
         spec=process_spec,
     )
+    assert not isinstance(best_result, list)
     result = tuner.result_grid
     # There must be no failed trials
     assert not any(t.error for t in result)
@@ -206,6 +207,7 @@ async def test_multi_objective_tune(config: dict, ray_ctx: None) -> None:
     best_result = tuner.run(
         spec=process_spec,
     )
+    assert isinstance(best_result, list)
     result = tuner.result_grid
     # There must be no failed trials
     assert not [t for t in result if t.error]
@@ -247,6 +249,7 @@ async def test_process_parameter_tuning(config: dict, ray_ctx: None) -> None:
     best_result = tuner.run(
         spec=process_spec,
     )
+    assert not isinstance(best_result, list)
     result = tuner.result_grid
     # There must be no failed trials
     assert not [t for t in result if t.error]
@@ -289,6 +292,7 @@ async def test_tune_with_constraint(config: dict, ray_ctx: None) -> None:
     best_result = tuner.run(
         spec=process_spec,
     )
+    assert not isinstance(best_result, list)
     result = tuner.result_grid
     # There must be no failed trials
     assert not any(t.error for t in result)
@@ -362,6 +366,7 @@ async def test_custom_space_tune(
     """Tests tuning with a custom search space."""
     spec = ConfigSpec.model_validate(dynamic_param_config)
     process_spec = spec.plugboard.process
+    space_func_name = getattr(space_func, "__name__", "")
     tuner = Tuner(
         objective=ObjectiveSpec(
             object_type="component",
@@ -389,7 +394,7 @@ async def test_custom_space_tune(
         num_samples=10,
         mode="max",
         max_concurrent=2,
-        algorithm=OptunaSpec(space=f"tests.integration.test_tuner.{space_func.__name__}"),
+        algorithm=OptunaSpec(space=f"tests.integration.test_tuner.{space_func_name}"),
     )
     tuner.run(
         spec=process_spec,
@@ -404,6 +409,6 @@ async def test_custom_space_tune(
         if r.config["n_list"] < 5:
             # When n_list < 5, all list_param values are negative
             assert all(v < 0.0 for v in r.config["component.d.arg.list_param"])
-        if space_func.__name__ == "custom_space_with_process_spec":
+        if space_func_name == "custom_space_with_process_spec":
             # The iters parameter must be set based on the process params
             assert r.config["component.a.arg.iters"] <= process_spec.args.parameters["max_iters"]
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_llm.py b/tests/unit/test_llm.py
index 1518d80cc..cc3392692 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_llm.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_llm.py
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ async def test_openai_structured_chat(
         assert llm.x == 45
         assert llm.y == "test"
     else:
+        assert llm.response is not None
         assert json.loads(llm.response) == test_response.model_dump()
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_schemas.py b/tests/unit/test_schemas.py
index e69e76d0e..1d5539747 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_schemas.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_schemas.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Provides unit tests for the schemas module."""
 
+import typing as _t
+
 import msgspec
 import pytest
 
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ def test_config_spec() -> None:
 
 def test_tune_spec() -> None:
     """Test the TuneSpec class."""
-    valid_spec = {
+    valid_spec: dict[str, _t.Any] = {
         "objective": {
             "object_type": "component",
             "object_name": "my_component",
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ def test_tune_spec() -> None:
     # Validate the TuneSpec with the valid specification
     _ = TuneSpec(args=TuneArgsSpec.model_validate(valid_spec))
 
-    invalid_spec = valid_spec.copy()
+    invalid_spec: dict[str, _t.Any] = valid_spec.copy()
     invalid_spec["mode"] = ["min", "max"]
     # Invalid mode should raise a validation error
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 0038089b5..3578e203c 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
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+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dc/cf/044f31523e2768e3e64b0ca2ec32f70b3a731d4a2caa6ea110baf26e251c/ty-0.0.61-py3-none-linux_armv6l.whl", hash = "sha256:148779b8675eac93f40ec58bd70037fe67537117f20a23272264f8f136d41336", size = 11891448, upload-time = "2026-07-18T01:39:18.449Z" },
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/21/294f4cc819b7b12ed659fd860e5cdfbd592d4c768c8f23596685dbc43e6b/ty-0.0.61-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:dff03873c0c3d0b44738f8b6d403b0756a31cf54c65136397df7624c6159b1f0", size = 11988401, upload-time = "2026-07-18T01:39:44.183Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2e/26/0f96f79fdac118521a9771e9eef3f9b3f447d647b2c77953e80a1715c7e8/ty-0.0.61-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:a9210e80e3d41c1dfc751e9e8e0980272f475031fafd0fb0f48aee233c78da03", size = 12330624, upload-time = "2026-07-18T01:39:46.662Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/08/1e62d1bca5c0cebdc7a34db1f4b61557aab85961cedd56953dd2c32d3e66/ty-0.0.61-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:e3e1fe06f49a5492a922a5df2739834aa5ee978c7dd10414119dc8755cc40c9c", size = 11313991, upload-time = "2026-07-18T01:39:48.761Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/26/f1/d8e33b3aeb36b73d81ae34d10e46ec4abf506d68f4e0a1491a76a593dd42/ty-0.0.61-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:25f2291169e0298fcdbba1b1fea64f8207a6c1908dddef32346fd5e3e6ac9221", size = 12311717, upload-time = "2026-07-18T01:39:50.881Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e1/14/7caec26d93a943c0e7d15eb7374644508d08cbd387d112b722b12d14e044/ty-0.0.61-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:3e496f7698bc4b5bbb1eb66d8b5799ba87596d88d36604ca359083893fa2fc49", size = 11693485, upload-time = "2026-07-18T01:39:52.73Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typer"
 version = "0.25.1"

From 14aa6b14d5344e44ce2cf3dab94cc1a07b1eb56a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2026 14:27:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] fix ty diagnostics after migration

---
 plugboard/library/sql_io.py     | 20 ++++++++++++++------
 tests/integration/test_tuner.py |  1 +
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plugboard/library/sql_io.py b/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
index ea9c0010f..4e7387bb5 100644
--- a/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
+++ b/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Provides `SQLReader` and `SQLWriter` components to access SQL databases from Plugboard models."""
 
-import collections.abc as cabc
 from collections import defaultdict, deque
+import collections.abc as cabc
 import typing as _t
 
 from sqlalchemy import MetaData, Table, insert, text
@@ -42,9 +42,11 @@ def __init__(
         self._connection_string = connection_string
         self._query = query
         self._params = params or {}
-        self._reader: cabc.AsyncIterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]] | cabc.Iterator[
-            cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]
-        ] | None = None
+        self._reader: (
+            cabc.AsyncIterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]]
+            | cabc.Iterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]]
+            | None
+        ) = None
         self._connect_args = connect_args or {}
 
     async def _run_query_async(self) -> cabc.AsyncIterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]]:
@@ -84,14 +86,19 @@ async def _fetch(self) -> cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]:
         if self._reader is None:
             try:
                 self._reader = self._run_query_async()
-                return await self._reader.__anext__()
+                async_reader = self._reader
+                return await async_reader.__anext__()
             except InvalidRequestError:
                 # Fall back on synchronous connection
                 self._reader = self._run_query_sync()
                 return next(self._reader)
 
         if isinstance(self._reader, cabc.AsyncIterator):
-            return await self._reader.__anext__()
+            async_reader = _t.cast(
+                cabc.AsyncIterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]],
+                self._reader,
+            )
+            return await async_reader.__anext__()
         return next(_t.cast(cabc.Iterator[cabc.Sequence[Row[_t.Any]]], self._reader))
 
     async def _convert(self, data: _t.Sequence[Row]) -> dict[str, deque]:
@@ -141,6 +148,7 @@ async def _save_rows_async(self, data: list[dict[str, _t.Any]]) -> None:
             raise RuntimeError("No async database connection available")
         async with self._engine.connect() as conn:
             if self._table is None:
+
                 def _load_table(sync_conn: Connection) -> Table:
                     self._metadata.reflect(bind=sync_conn, only=[self._table_name])
                     return Table(self._table_name, self._metadata, autoload_with=sync_conn)
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_tuner.py b/tests/integration/test_tuner.py
index 2b144320e..82dff5d11 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_tuner.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_tuner.py
@@ -343,6 +343,7 @@ async def test_tune_with_constraint_objective_value(config: dict, ray_ctx: None)
     best_result = tuner.run(
         spec=process_spec,
     )
+    assert not isinstance(best_result, list)
     result = tuner.result_grid
     # There must be no failed trials
     assert not any(t.error for t in result)

From 3dd3dcc538f58123a79ac068a9c84a801910e0c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2026 14:33:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] test: make process type assertion ty-friendly

---
 tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py b/tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py
index a6db2a51e..87e29befe 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_component_decorator.py
@@ -142,10 +142,9 @@ async def test_process_builder_with_decorated_components(
 ) -> None:
     """Tests a process using components created with the component decorator executes correctly."""
     iters = 10
-    process_type = (
-        "plugboard.process.LocalProcess"
-        if process_cls.__name__ == "LocalProcess"
-        else "plugboard.process.RayProcess"
+    process_type = _t.cast(
+        _t.Literal["plugboard.process.LocalProcess", "plugboard.process.RayProcess"],
+        f"{process_cls.__module__}.{process_cls.__name__}",
     )
     process_spec = ProcessSpec(
         type=process_type,

From 91768d8d674c115c5445cba1f81a71d3b2f7c30b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2026 14:34:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] docs: address ty migration review feedback

---
 plugboard/component/utils.py | 2 ++
 plugboard/library/sql_io.py  | 1 +
 plugboard/utils/ray.py       | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plugboard/component/utils.py b/plugboard/component/utils.py
index b40a4af39..c291f06d1 100644
--- a/plugboard/component/utils.py
+++ b/plugboard/component/utils.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 
 
 class _ComponentFunction(_t.Protocol):
+    """Callable protocol for functions that can be wrapped as Plugboard components."""
+
     __name__: str
     __module__: str
     __doc__: str | None
diff --git a/plugboard/library/sql_io.py b/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
index 4e7387bb5..376eda328 100644
--- a/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
+++ b/plugboard/library/sql_io.py
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ async def _save_rows_async(self, data: list[dict[str, _t.Any]]) -> None:
             if self._table is None:
 
                 def _load_table(sync_conn: Connection) -> Table:
+                    """Reflect and load the target table within a sync SQLAlchemy connection."""
                     self._metadata.reflect(bind=sync_conn, only=[self._table_name])
                     return Table(self._table_name, self._metadata, autoload_with=sync_conn)
 
diff --git a/plugboard/utils/ray.py b/plugboard/utils/ray.py
index b84d298fe..6bd415938 100644
--- a/plugboard/utils/ray.py
+++ b/plugboard/utils/ray.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def _call_with_name(func: _t.Callable, path: tuple[str, ...]) -> _t.Callable:
     # underlying function (which supports __signature__ assignment) rather than
     # the bound method object (which does not).
     wraps_target = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
-    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", type(func).__name__)
+    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", "<unknown>")
 
     @wraps(wraps_target)
     def wrapper(self: _ActorWrapper, *args: _t.Any, **kwargs: _t.Any) -> _t.Callable:
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def _call_with_name_async(func: _t.Callable, path: tuple[str, ...]) -> _t.Callab
     # underlying function (which supports __signature__ assignment) rather than
     # the bound method object (which does not).
     wraps_target = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
-    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", type(func).__name__)
+    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", "<unknown>")
 
     @wraps(wraps_target)
     async def wrapper(self: _ActorWrapper, *args: _t.Any, **kwargs: _t.Any) -> _t.Callable:

From a2f0557d42f05ad956a5165b5ae4d0c7579b3989 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2026 14:36:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] fix review feedback on ty migration

---
 plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py | 5 ++++-
 plugboard/__init__.py                           | 5 ++++-
 plugboard/utils/logging.py                      | 6 ++++--
 uv.lock                                         | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py b/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py
index 5928a087c..65e4bcade 100644
--- a/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py
+++ b/plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/__init__.py
@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@
 )
 
 
-__version__ = version("plugboard-schemas")
+_PACKAGE_NAME = __package__ or __name__.split(".")[0]
+
+
+__version__ = version(_PACKAGE_NAME)
 
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/plugboard/__init__.py b/plugboard/__init__.py
index e009248dc..831061edf 100644
--- a/plugboard/__init__.py
+++ b/plugboard/__init__.py
@@ -3,4 +3,7 @@
 from importlib.metadata import version
 
 
-__version__ = version("plugboard")
+_PACKAGE_NAME = __package__ or __name__.split(".")[0]
+
+
+__version__ = version(_PACKAGE_NAME)
diff --git a/plugboard/utils/logging.py b/plugboard/utils/logging.py
index 333b3b404..95866a585 100644
--- a/plugboard/utils/logging.py
+++ b/plugboard/utils/logging.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """Provides logging utilities."""
 
+import importlib
 import logging
 import typing as _t
 
@@ -11,10 +12,11 @@
 
 def _is_ipython() -> bool:
     try:
-        from IPython import get_ipython
+        ipython = importlib.import_module("IPython")
     except ImportError:
         return False
-    return get_ipython() is not None
+    get_ipython = getattr(ipython, "get_ipython", None)
+    return callable(get_ipython) and get_ipython() is not None
 
 
 def _serialiser(obj: _t.Any, default: _t.Callable | None) -> bytes:
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 3578e203c..5d37c48c5 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -5218,8 +5218,8 @@ name = "secretstorage"
 version = "3.5.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "cryptography" },
-    { name = "jeepney" },
+    { name = "cryptography", marker = "sys_platform != 'emscripten' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
+    { name = "jeepney", marker = "sys_platform != 'emscripten' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1c/03/e834bcd866f2f8a49a85eaff47340affa3bfa391ee9912a952a1faa68c7b/secretstorage-3.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f04b8e4689cbce351744d5537bf6b1329c6fc68f91fa666f60a380edddcd11be", size = 19884, upload-time = "2025-11-23T19:02:53.191Z" }
 wheels = [

From 921b3a0ce5e40c5ba26ca4d8e4aafdfa261ad32a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2026 14:37:12 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] docs: clarify component function protocol

---
 plugboard/component/utils.py | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/plugboard/component/utils.py b/plugboard/component/utils.py
index c291f06d1..9c0aa0e6f 100644
--- a/plugboard/component/utils.py
+++ b/plugboard/component/utils.py
@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@
 
 
 class _ComponentFunction(_t.Protocol):
-    """Callable protocol for functions that can be wrapped as Plugboard components."""
+    """Callable protocol for functions wrapped by `@component`.
+
+    The decorator relies on the wrapped callable exposing `__name__`, `__module__`, and `__doc__`
+    so it can register the generated component class and build helpful generated documentation.
+    """
 
     __name__: str
     __module__: str

From 39687c9b77e2067275acf615f67586369219c71f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Toby Coleman <tcoleman@stateraenergy.co.uk>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:13:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] Final updates from Claude session

---
 .devcontainer/devcontainer.json | 1 +
 .github/agents/lint.agent.md    | 8 ++++----
 .pre-commit-config.yaml         | 4 ++--
 pyproject.toml                  | 3 +++
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
index c6d5c965b..fe4a88b26 100644
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 				"ms-python.python",
 				"ms-toolsai.jupyter",
 				"charliermarsh.ruff",
+				"astral-sh.ty",
 				"GitHub.copilot",
 				"GitHub.copilot-chat"
 			],
diff --git a/.github/agents/lint.agent.md b/.github/agents/lint.agent.md
index e30ee2431..205dbd9c2 100644
--- a/.github/agents/lint.agent.md
+++ b/.github/agents/lint.agent.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ model: ['GPT-5 mini (copilot)', 'GPT-4.1 (copilot)']
 You are responsible for maintaining code quality in the Plugboard project by running linting tools and resolving any issues that arise.
 
 ## Your role:
-- Run `ruff` to check for formatting and linting issues and `mypy` to check for type errors.
+- Run `ruff` to check for formatting and linting issues and `ty` to check for type errors.
 - Review the output from these tools and identify any issues that need to be resolved.
 - Edit the code to fix any linting issues or type errors that are identified.
 - Ensure that all code is fully type-annotated and adheres to the project's coding standards.
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ You are responsible for maintaining code quality in the Plugboard project by run
 
 ## Project knowledge:
 - The project uses `uv` for dependency management and running commands.
-- Linting and formatting are handled by `ruff`, while static type checking is handled by `mypy`.
-- `pyproject.toml` contains the settings for `ruff` and `mypy`.
+- Linting and formatting are handled by `ruff`, while static type checking is handled by `ty`.
+- `pyproject.toml` contains the settings for `ruff` and `ty`.
 
 ## Commands you can run:
 - Run `uv run ruff format` to reformat the code.
 - Run `uv run ruff check` to check for linting issues.
-- Run `uv run mypy .` to check for type errors.
+- Run `uv run ty check plugboard/ plugboard-schemas/plugboard_schemas/ tests/` to check for type errors.
 - Run `uv lock --check` to check that the uv lockfile is up to date.
 - Run `uv run xenon --max-absolute B --max-modules A --max-average A plugboard/` to check for code complexity.
 - Run `find . -name '*.ipynb' -not -path "./.venv/*" -exec uv run nbstripout --verify {} +` to check that Jupyter notebooks are stripped of output.
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 19fc07c54..cef379380 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ repos:
       args: [ --fix ]
     # Run the formatter.
     - id: ruff-format
-- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ty
-  rev: 0.0.61
+- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ty-pre-commit
+  rev: v0.0.61
   hooks:
     - id: ty
 - repo: https://github.com/rubik/xenon
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 5c30996ac..f79f6c4aa 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -149,6 +149,9 @@ sigterm = true
 
 [tool.ty]  # Static type checking
 
+[tool.ty.src]
+exclude = ["docs", "examples"]
+
 [tool.ty.analysis]
 replace-imports-with-any = [
     "openai_responses.**",

From b03c6e2bbe9942f2f36df499a3d8fbeb9068576f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Toby Coleman <toby@tobycoleman.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2026 22:22:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] chore: align ty pre-commit rev with lockfile

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index cef379380..b43b4bb63 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ repos:
     # Run the formatter.
     - id: ruff-format
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ty-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.0.61
+  rev: v0.0.73
   hooks:
     - id: ty
 - repo: https://github.com/rubik/xenon