diff --git a/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/per-module-lib-deps/module-name-shadowing.t b/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/per-module-lib-deps/module-name-shadowing.t
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7d7b52dfba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/per-module-lib-deps/module-name-shadowing.t
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+Test that when a stanza's internal module name shadows a library module name,
+the internal module takes precedence. This validates that ocamldep-based
+dependency filtering (which treats modules defined within the same stanza as
+internal) correctly reflects the compiler's resolution order.
+
+See: https://github.com/ocaml/dune/issues/4572
+
+  $ cat > dune-project <<EOF
+  > (lang dune 3.0)
+  > EOF
+
+--- Unwrapped library: internal module shadows library module ---
+
+An unwrapped library exposes module Helper. The executable also has a module
+named Helper. The internal module takes precedence — the library's Helper is
+inaccessible.
+
+  $ mkdir unwrapped_lib
+  $ cat > unwrapped_lib/dune <<EOF
+  > (library
+  >  (name unwrapped_lib)
+  >  (wrapped false))
+  > EOF
+
+  $ cat > unwrapped_lib/helper.ml <<EOF
+  > let lib_value = 42
+  > EOF
+
+  $ cat > unwrapped_lib/helper.mli <<EOF
+  > val lib_value : int
+  > EOF
+
+  $ cat > dune <<EOF
+  > (executable
+  >  (name main)
+  >  (libraries unwrapped_lib))
+  > EOF
+
+  $ cat > helper.ml <<EOF
+  > let local_value = 1
+  > EOF
+
+  $ cat > main.ml <<EOF
+  > let () = print_int Helper.local_value
+  > EOF
+
+The build succeeds using the internal Helper:
+
+  $ dune build ./main.exe
+
+The dependencies of main.ml's native compilation show dune__exe__Helper
+(the internal module), not unwrapped_lib's helper:
+
+  $ dune rules --deps _build/default/.main.eobjs/native/dune__exe__Main.cmx | grep dune__exe__Helper
+   (File (In_build_dir _build/default/.main.eobjs/byte/dune__exe__Helper.cmi))
+
+The library's Helper.lib_value is not accessible:
+
+  $ cat > main.ml <<EOF
+  > let () = print_int Helper.lib_value
+  > EOF
+
+  $ dune build ./main.exe
+  File "main.ml", line 1, characters 19-35:
+  1 | let () = print_int Helper.lib_value
+                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+  Error: Unbound value Helper.lib_value
+  [1]