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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Programming Electronic Music in Pd</title>
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content="Pd was initiated by American software engineer Miller Puckette, who previous co-developed the well known and similarly structured software Max/Msp. Pd is not commercial software; i.e., it was not developed by a corporation and is not for sale. Instead, it is “open source”: its source code is not the (patented) property of a corporation, but is rather freely available to all. One drawback to this is that a detailed operating manual for users who lack programming experience has not existed until now. In contrast to a corporation— which has a monetary interest in ensuring that first-time users can easily operate new software—the open source movement lacks such a driving force to make itself accessible. This book is an attempt to fill that gap. This tutorial is designed for self-study, principally for composers. It begins with explanations of basic programming and acoustic principles then gradually builds up to the most advanced electronic music processing techniques. The book’s teaching approach is focused primarily on hearing, which we consider a faster and more enjoyable way to absorb new concepts than through abstract formulas. The patches described are available for download.">
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title="Programming Electronic Music in Pd">
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Programming Electronic Music in
Pd</th>
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<div class="book" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h1 class="title">
<a name="id403003"></a>Programming Electronic Music in Pd
</h1>
</div>
<div>
<div class="author">
<h3 class="author">
<span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Kreidler</span>
</h3>
<code class="email">
<<a class="email" href="mailto@www.kreidler-net.de">www.kreidler-net.de</a>>
</code>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="pubdate">27-01-2009</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="revhistory">
<table border="1" width="100%" summary="Revision history">
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3"><b>Revision
History</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Revision 0.71e</td>
<td align="left">27-01-2009</td>
<td align="left">JK</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="abstract">
<p class="title">
<b>Abstract</b>
</p>
<p>Pd was initiated by American software engineer Miller
Puckette, who previous co-developed the well known and similarly
structured software Max/Msp. Pd is not commercial software; i.e.,
it was not developed by a corporation and is not for sale.
Instead, it is “open source”: its source code is not
the (patented) property of a corporation, but is rather freely
available to all. One drawback to this is that a detailed
operating manual for users who lack programming experience has
not existed until now. In contrast to a corporation— which
has a monetary interest in ensuring that first-time users can
easily operate new software—the open source movement lacks
such a driving force to make itself accessible. This book is an
attempt to fill that gap.</p>
<p>This tutorial is designed for self-study, principally for
composers. It begins with explanations of basic programming and
acoustic principles then gradually builds up to the most advanced
electronic music processing techniques. The book’s teaching
approach is focused primarily on hearing, which we consider a
faster and more enjoyable way to absorb new concepts than through
abstract formulas.</p>
<p>The patches described are available for download.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<p>
<b>Table of Contents</b>
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="preface"><a href="pr01.html">Preface</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="preface"><a href="pr02.html">Introduction
to this book's methodology</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="chapter"><a href="ch01.html">1.
Introduction to Pd</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch01.html#id390680">1.1
General remarks</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch01s02.html">1.2
Installing and setting up Pd</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="chapter"><a href="ch02.html">2. Programming
with Pd for the first time</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch02.html#chapt2.1">2.1
Introduction</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02.html#chapt2.1.1">2.1.1
A simple example</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02.html#id409690">2.1.2
Surface elements in Pd</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02.html#chapt2.1.3">2.1.3
Summary</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02.html#id410073">2.1.4
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02.html#chapt2.1.5">2.1.5
For those especially interested: Atoms</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch02s02.html">2.2 The
control level</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02s02.html#id410422">2.2.1
Mathematical operations and order</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02s02.html#id412354">2.2.2
Different types of data </a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02s02.html#id414535">2.2.3
Time operations </a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch02s02.html#chapt2.2.4">2.2.4
Miscellaneous </a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="chapter"><a href="ch03.html">3. Audio</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03.html#chapt3.1">3.1
Basics</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03.html#chapt3.1.1">3.1.1
Pitch</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03.html#id420457">3.1.2
Volume</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03s02.html">3.2
Additive Synthesis</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s02.html#id422752">3.2.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s02.html#id423178">3.2.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s02.html#id423446">3.2.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s02.html#id423470">3.2.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03s03.html">3.3
Subtractive synthesis</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s03.html#id423529">3.3.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s03.html#id423958">3.3.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s03.html#id424124">3.3.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s03.html#id424323">3.3.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03s04.html">3.4
Sampling</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s04.html#id424588">3.4.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s04.html#id426491">3.4.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s04.html#id427629">3.4.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s04.html#chapt3.4.4">3.4.4
For especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03s05.html">3.5 Wave
shaping</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s05.html#id428536">3.5.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s05.html#id429653">3.5.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s05.html#id429942">3.5.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s05.html#id430193">3.5.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03s06.html">3.6
Modulation synthesis</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s06.html#id430227">3.6.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s06.html#id430644">3.6.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s06.html#id430857">3.6.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03s07.html">3.7
Granular synthesis</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s07.html#id430983">3.7.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s07.html#id431485">3.7.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s07.html#id431631">3.7.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03s08.html">3.8 Fourier
analysis</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s08.html#id431716">3.8.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s08.html#id432343">3.8.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s08.html#id432668">3.8.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch03s09.html">3.9
Amplitude corrections</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s09.html#id433175">3.9.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s09.html#id433476">3.9.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s09.html#id433538">3.9.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch03s09.html#chapt3.9.4">3.9.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="chapter"><a href="ch04.html">4. Controlling
sound</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch04.html#id434101">4.1
Algorithms</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04.html#id434108">4.1.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04.html#id434212">4.1.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04.html#id434824">4.1.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04.html#id434942">4.1.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch04s02.html">4.2
Sequencer</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s02.html#id434992">4.2.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s02.html#id435406">
4.2.2 Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s02.html#id435579">4.2.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s02.html#id435810">4.2.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch04s03.html">4.3 HIDs</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s03.html#id435858">4.3.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s03.html#id436455">4.3.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s03.html#id436620">4.3.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s03.html#id436682">4.3.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch04s04.html">4.4 Network</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s04.html#id436740">4.4.1
Netsend / Netreceive</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch04s04.html#id436855">4.4.2
OSC</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="chapter"><a href="ch05.html">5.
Miscellaneous</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch05.html#id436992">5.1
Streamlining</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch05.html#id436998">5.1.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch05.html#id437963">5.1.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch05.html#id438180">5.1.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch05.html#id438451">5.1.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="ch05s02.html">5.2 Visuals</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch05s02.html#id438493">5.2.1
Theory</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch05s02.html#id438648">5.2.2
Applications</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch05s02.html#chapt5.2.3">5.2.3
Appendix</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect2"><a href="ch05s02.html#id439901">5.2.4
For those especially interested</a></span>
</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="appendix"><a href="apa.html">A. Solutions</a></span>
</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apa.html#id439987">2.2.1.2.8</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas02.html">2.2.2.2.6</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas03.html">2.2.3.2.9</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas04.html">3.1.1.2.2 </a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas05.html">3.1.2.2.5</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas06.html">3.3.2.3</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas07.html">3.4.2.11</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas08.html">3.5.2.4</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas09.html">3.7.2.3</a></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas10.html">3.8.3.5</a></span>
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<span class="sect1"><a href="apas11.html">3.9.2.2</a></span>
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<span class="sect1"><a href="apas12.html">4.1.2.3</a></span>
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<span class="sect1"><a href="apas13.html">4.2.2.2</a></span>
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<dt>
<span class="sect1"><a href="apas14.html">5.1.2.2</a></span>
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<span class="sect1"><a href="apas15.html">5.2.2.4</a></span>
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