diff --git a/docs-mslearn/toolkit/changelog.md b/docs-mslearn/toolkit/changelog.md
index 2ecf1f2b4..c1901d0d7 100644
--- a/docs-mslearn/toolkit/changelog.md
+++ b/docs-mslearn/toolkit/changelog.md
@@ -981,6 +981,7 @@ _**Breaking change**_
     - Added param to disable external access to Azure Data Lake and Azure Data Explorer.
     - Added param to specify subnet range of virtual network - minimum size = /26
   - Support for storage account infrastructure encryption.
+  - Multi-cloud test data generator – Added `Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1` to create synthetic FOCUS-compliant cost data for Azure, AWS, GCP, and on-premises providers. Supports FOCUS versions 1.0-1.3 with version-specific column sets, commitment discounts, Azure Hybrid Benefit, tag variation, and inline budget scaling. Includes `-Seed` for reproducibility and Azure AD auth for uploads.
   - Published a [schema file](https://aka.ms/finops/hubs/settings-schema) for the hub settings.json file.
 - **Changed**
   - Changed dataset names in the ingestion container to facilitate Azure Data Explorer ingestion.
diff --git a/src/templates/finops-hub/test/Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 b/src/templates/finops-hub/test/Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0def9b0e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/templates/finops-hub/test/Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,2897 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+# Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+#Requires -Version 7.0
+
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+    Generates multi-cloud FOCUS-compliant test data for FinOps Hub validation.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+    This script generates synthetic cost data in FOCUS format for:
+    - Azure (Cost Management Managed Exports simulation)
+    - AWS (Data Exports / CUR FOCUS format)
+    - GCP (BigQuery FOCUS export simulation)
+    - Data Center (On-premises infrastructure)
+
+    In addition, for Azure, it generates ALL FOCUS dataset types:
+    - Prices (Azure EA/MCA price sheet → Prices_raw → Prices_final_v1_2)
+    - CommitmentDiscountUsage (Reservation details → CommitmentDiscountUsage_raw)
+    - Recommendations (Reservation recommendations → Recommendations_raw)
+    - Transactions (Reservation transactions → Transactions_raw)
+
+    The generated data can be uploaded to Azure Storage for FinOps Hub ingestion testing.
+
+    Features:
+    - Version-aware column sets matching FOCUS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 specification
+    - ALL columns referenced by FinOps Hub dashboard KQL queries
+    - Correct PricingCategory values: Standard, Dynamic, Committed
+    - Full Azure Hybrid Benefit simulation with x_SkuLicense* columns
+    - Commitment discounts with x_SkuOrderId, x_SkuTerm linkage
+    - Commitment Purchase rows for invoicing page
+    - CPU architecture in x_SkuMeterName (Intel/AMD/Arm64 patterns)
+    - Tag coverage variation (~20% untagged for maturity scorecard)
+    - Data quality anomaly rows (documented via x_SourceChanges, ChargeClass=Correction)
+    - Negotiated discount rows (ListCost > ContractedCost)
+    - Persistent resources across days (realistic trending)
+    - Inline budget scaling (no external dependencies)
+    - Reproducible output via -Seed parameter
+
+.PARAMETER OutputPath
+    Directory to save generated files. Default: ./test-data
+
+.PARAMETER CloudProvider
+    Which cloud provider data to generate. Options: Azure, AWS, GCP, DataCenter, All
+    Default: All
+
+.PARAMETER MonthsOfData
+    Number of months of historical data to generate, ending at today.
+    Default: 6 (generates 6 months ending today)
+
+.PARAMETER StartDate
+    Start date for generated data. Overrides MonthsOfData if specified.
+
+.PARAMETER EndDate
+    End date for generated data. Default: Today
+
+.PARAMETER TotalRowTarget
+    Target total rows across all providers and days. Default: 500000
+    Rows are distributed: ~60% Azure, ~20% AWS, ~15% GCP, ~5% DataCenter
+
+.PARAMETER TotalBudget
+    Target total cost in USD for all generated data. Default: 500000 ($500K)
+    Costs are scaled proportionally during generation to achieve this target.
+
+.PARAMETER FocusVersion
+    FOCUS specification version. Options: 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
+    Default: 1.3
+    The output column set varies per version to match the official FOCUS specification.
+    Note: This generates the Cost and Usage dataset only. The Contract Commitment
+    dataset (introduced in v1.3) is not included.
+
+.PARAMETER OutputFormat
+    Output file format. Options: CSV, Parquet
+    Default: Parquet
+    Parquet is recommended as it simulates real Cost Management export output.
+    Data is generated via per-day CSV streaming (to avoid OOM), then converted
+    to Parquet at the end. Requires the PSParquet module (Install-Module PSParquet).
+    CSV mode skips the final conversion and uploads raw CSV files.
+
+.PARAMETER StorageAccountName
+    Azure Storage account name for upload.
+
+.PARAMETER ResourceGroupName
+    Resource group containing the storage account. Required only when using -UseStorageKey.
+
+.PARAMETER AdfName
+    Azure Data Factory name for starting triggers.
+
+.PARAMETER Upload
+    Upload generated files to Azure Storage.
+
+.PARAMETER StartTriggers
+    Start ADF triggers before upload so BlobCreated events are captured.
+
+.PARAMETER UseStorageKey
+    Use storage account key for authentication instead of Azure AD (--auth-mode login).
+    Requires -ResourceGroupName. Not recommended for production use.
+
+.PARAMETER Seed
+    Random seed for reproducible test data generation. When specified, the same seed
+    produces identical output (given the same parameters).
+
+.PARAMETER NukeTestData
+    When specified, purges ALL data from the ADX cluster (Hub + Ingestion databases),
+    deletes all blobs from the msexports and ingestion storage containers, and removes
+    local test-data folder, then exits. Requires -AdxClusterUri and -StorageAccountName.
+    Optionally use -StartTriggers with -AdfName and -ResourceGroupName to stop ADF
+    triggers during cleanup.
+
+.PARAMETER AdxClusterUri
+    Azure Data Explorer cluster URI for NukeTestData operations.
+    Example: https://finopsdemoadx4uj6pm.italynorth.kusto.windows.net
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    .\Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1
+    # Generates 6 months of FOCUS 1.3 data for all providers, 500K rows, $500K budget
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    .\Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -MonthsOfData 3 -TotalRowTarget 100000 -TotalBudget 50000
+    # Generates 3 months of data, 100K rows, $50K total budget
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    .\Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -FocusVersion 1.0 -CloudProvider Azure -TotalRowTarget 50000
+    # Generates FOCUS 1.0 Azure-only data with 43 columns
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    .\Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -Upload -StorageAccountName "stfinopshub" -AdfName "adf-finopshub" -StartTriggers
+    # Generates data using Azure AD auth, ensures ADF triggers are running, then uploads
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    .\Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -Seed 42 -TotalRowTarget 1000
+    # Generates reproducible test data with 1000 rows
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    .\Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -NukeTestData -AdxClusterUri "https://finopsdemoadx4uj6pm.italynorth.kusto.windows.net" -StorageAccountName "stfinopsdemo4uj6pmwee34z"
+    # Purges ALL data from ADX tables, storage containers, and local test-data for a clean reset
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    .\Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -NukeTestData -AdxClusterUri "https://finopsdemoadx4uj6pm.italynorth.kusto.windows.net" -StorageAccountName "stfinopsdemo4uj6pmwee34z" -AdfName "adf-finopsdemo-4uj6pm" -ResourceGroupName "rg-finopshub-demo" -StartTriggers
+    # Full nuke: stop ADF triggers, purge ADX + storage + local, then re-start triggers after regen
+
+.LINK
+    https://github.com/microsoft/finops-toolkit
+
+.LINK
+    https://focus.finops.org/focus-specification/
+
+.NOTES
+    FOCUS Specification Reference: https://focus.finops.org/focus-specification/v1-3/
+    FinOps Hub Documentation: https://aka.ms/finops/hubs
+
+    Author: FinOps Hub Team
+    Version: 4.0.0
+#>
+
+[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
+param(
+    [string]$OutputPath = "./test-data",
+
+    [ValidateSet("Azure", "AWS", "GCP", "DataCenter", "All")]
+    [string]$CloudProvider = "All",
+
+    [int]$MonthsOfData = 6,
+
+    [datetime]$StartDate,
+
+    [datetime]$EndDate = (Get-Date),
+
+    [int]$TotalRowTarget = 500000,
+
+    [decimal]$TotalBudget = 500000,
+
+    [ValidateSet("1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "1.3")]
+    [string]$FocusVersion = "1.3",
+
+    [ValidateSet("CSV", "Parquet")]
+    [string]$OutputFormat = "Parquet",
+
+    [string]$StorageAccountName,
+
+    [string]$ResourceGroupName,
+
+    [string]$AdfName,
+
+    [switch]$Upload,
+
+    [switch]$StartTriggers,
+
+    [switch]$UseStorageKey,
+
+    [int]$Seed,
+
+    [Parameter(HelpMessage = "Nuke all test data: purge ADX tables, storage blobs, and local test-data folder, then exit.")]
+    [switch]$NukeTestData,
+
+    [Parameter(HelpMessage = "ADX cluster URI for NukeTestData (e.g., https://mycluster.region.kusto.windows.net).")]
+    [string]$AdxClusterUri
+)
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Initialization
+# ============================================================================
+
+# Set random seed for reproducibility if specified
+if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Seed'))
+{
+    $null = Get-Random -SetSeed $Seed
+}
+
+# Calculate StartDate from MonthsOfData if not explicitly provided
+if (-not $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('StartDate'))
+{
+    $StartDate = (Get-Date -Day 1).AddMonths(-$MonthsOfData + 1)
+}
+
+# Ensure EndDate is today max
+if ($EndDate -gt (Get-Date))
+{
+    $EndDate = Get-Date
+}
+
+# Parse FOCUS version for column selection
+$focusMajorMinor = [version]$FocusVersion
+
+# ADF trigger names used during upload and NukeTestData operations.
+# These match the default FinOps Hub ADF trigger names. Override if your deployment
+# uses custom trigger names.
+$AdfTriggerNames = @('msexports_ManifestAdded', 'ingestion_ManifestAdded')
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Provider-Specific Configuration
+# ============================================================================
+
+# ServiceSubcategory values aligned to FOCUS specification closed enumeration.
+# Reference: https://focus.finops.org/focus-specification/ (ServiceSubcategory column)
+$ProviderConfigs = @{
+    Azure = @{
+        ProviderName            = "Microsoft"
+        ServiceProviderName     = "Microsoft"
+        InvoiceIssuerName       = "Microsoft"
+        HostProviderName        = "Microsoft"
+        BillingAccountType      = "Billing Profile"
+        SubAccountType          = "Subscription"
+        BillingCurrency         = "USD"
+        BillingAccountAgreement = "Enterprise Agreement"
+        Regions                 = @(
+            @{ Id = "swedencentral"; Name = "Sweden Central" },
+            @{ Id = "westeurope"; Name = "West Europe" },
+            @{ Id = "eastus"; Name = "East US" },
+            @{ Id = "westus2"; Name = "West US 2" },
+            @{ Id = "italynorth"; Name = "Italy North" }
+        )
+        Services                = @(
+            @{ Name = "Virtual Machines"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Virtual Machines"; Weight = 35; CostMin = 50; CostMax = 2000; PricingUnit = "1 Hour"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Azure Kubernetes Service"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Containers"; Weight = 20; CostMin = 100; CostMax = 3000; PricingUnit = "1 Hour"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Azure SQL Database"; Category = "Databases"; Subcategory = "Relational Databases"; Weight = 12; CostMin = 30; CostMax = 800; PricingUnit = "1 Hour"; ConsumedUnit = "DTUs"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Cosmos DB"; Category = "Databases"; Subcategory = "NoSQL"; Weight = 8; CostMin = 20; CostMax = 500; PricingUnit = "100 RUs"; ConsumedUnit = "Request Units"; PricingBlockSize = 100; PricingUnitDescription = "100 Request Units" },
+            @{ Name = "Storage Accounts"; Category = "Storage"; Subcategory = "Object Storage"; Weight = 10; CostMin = 5; CostMax = 200; PricingUnit = "1 GB"; ConsumedUnit = "GB"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 GB/Month" },
+            @{ Name = "Azure Data Explorer"; Category = "Analytics"; Subcategory = "Other (Analytics)"; Weight = 5; CostMin = 50; CostMax = 600; PricingUnit = "1 Hour"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "App Service"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Other (Compute)"; Weight = 4; CostMin = 10; CostMax = 300; PricingUnit = "1 Hour"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Key Vault"; Category = "Security"; Subcategory = "Other (Security)"; Weight = 2; CostMin = 1; CostMax = 50; PricingUnit = "10K Operations"; ConsumedUnit = "10K Operations"; PricingBlockSize = 10000; PricingUnitDescription = "10,000 Operations" },
+            @{ Name = "Virtual Network"; Category = "Networking"; Subcategory = "Network Infrastructure"; Weight = 2; CostMin = 5; CostMax = 100; PricingUnit = "1 GB"; ConsumedUnit = "GB"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 GB" },
+            @{ Name = "Managed Disks"; Category = "Storage"; Subcategory = "Disk Storage"; Weight = 6; CostMin = 5; CostMax = 150; PricingUnit = "1 GB/Month"; ConsumedUnit = "GB"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 GB/Month" },
+            @{ Name = "Public IP Addresses"; Category = "Networking"; Subcategory = "IP Addresses"; Weight = 3; CostMin = 3; CostMax = 30; PricingUnit = "1 Hour"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Load Balancer"; Category = "Networking"; Subcategory = "Load Balancing"; Weight = 3; CostMin = 18; CostMax = 100; PricingUnit = "1 Hour"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Azure Functions"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Functions"; Weight = 2; CostMin = 0.10; CostMax = 30; PricingUnit = "1M Executions"; ConsumedUnit = "1M Executions"; PricingBlockSize = 1000000; PricingUnitDescription = "1,000,000 Executions" },
+            @{ Name = "Azure Marketplace"; Category = "Marketplace"; Subcategory = "Other (Compute)"; Weight = 5; CostMin = 10; CostMax = 500; PricingUnit = "1 Hour"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour"; IsMarketplace = $true }
+        )
+        ResourceTypes           = @("microsoft.compute/virtualmachines", "microsoft.compute/disks", "microsoft.storage/storageaccounts", "microsoft.sql/servers", "microsoft.kusto/clusters", "microsoft.containerservice/managedclusters", "microsoft.documentdb/databaseaccounts", "microsoft.web/sites", "microsoft.keyvault/vaults", "microsoft.network/virtualnetworks", "microsoft.network/publicipaddresses", "microsoft.network/loadbalancers")
+        VmSkus                  = @(
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_D4s_v5"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "D4s v5"; Description = "D4s v5 (4 vCPUs, 16 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_D8s_v5"; Cores = 8; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "D8s v5"; Description = "D8s v5 (8 vCPUs, 32 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_D16s_v5"; Cores = 16; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "D16s v5"; Description = "D16s v5 (16 vCPUs, 64 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_E4s_v5"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "E4s v5"; Description = "E4s v5 (4 vCPUs, 32 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_E16s_v5"; Cores = 16; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "E16s v5"; Description = "E16s v5 (16 vCPUs, 128 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_D4as_v5"; Cores = 4; Arch = "AMD"; MeterName = "D4as v5"; Description = "D4as v5 AMD (4 vCPUs, 16 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_D8as_v5"; Cores = 8; Arch = "AMD"; MeterName = "D8as v5"; Description = "D8as v5 AMD (8 vCPUs, 32 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_E8as_v5"; Cores = 8; Arch = "AMD"; MeterName = "E8as v5"; Description = "E8as v5 AMD (8 vCPUs, 64 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_D4ps_v5"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Arm64"; MeterName = "D4ps v5"; Description = "D4ps v5 Arm64 (4 vCPUs, 16 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_D8ps_v5"; Cores = 8; Arch = "Arm64"; MeterName = "D8ps v5"; Description = "D8ps v5 Arm64 (8 vCPUs, 32 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_E4ps_v5"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Arm64"; MeterName = "E4ps v5"; Description = "E4ps v5 Arm64 (4 vCPUs, 32 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_B2s"; Cores = 2; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "B2s"; Description = "B2s Burstable (2 vCPUs, 4 GB RAM)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_F4s_v2"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "F4s v2"; Description = "F4s v2 Compute (4 vCPUs, 8 GB RAM)" },
+            # GPU N-series VMs (NC = training/inference, ND = distributed training, NV = visualization, NG = gaming/VDI)
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_NC4as_T4_v3"; Cores = 4; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "T4"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "NC4as T4 v3"; Description = "NC4as T4 v3 GPU (4 vCPUs, 28 GB, 1x T4)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_NC24ads_A100_v4"; Cores = 24; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A100"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "NC24ads A100 v4"; Description = "NC24ads A100 v4 GPU (24 vCPUs, 220 GB, 1x A100)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_NC40ads_H100_v5"; Cores = 40; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "H100"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "NC40ads H100 v5"; Description = "NC40ads H100 v5 GPU (40 vCPUs, 320 GB, 1x H100)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_ND96asr_v4"; Cores = 96; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A100"; GpuCount = 8; MeterName = "ND96asr v4"; Description = "ND96asr v4 GPU (96 vCPUs, 900 GB, 8x A100)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5"; Cores = 96; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "H100"; GpuCount = 8; MeterName = "ND96isr H100 v5"; Description = "ND96isr H100 v5 GPU (96 vCPUs, 1900 GB, 8x H100)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_ND96isr_MI300X_v5"; Cores = 96; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "MI300X"; GpuCount = 8; MeterName = "ND96isr MI300X v5"; Description = "ND96isr MI300X v5 GPU (96 vCPUs, 1700 GB, 8x MI300X)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_NV36ads_A10_v5"; Cores = 36; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A10"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "NV36ads A10 v5"; Description = "NV36ads A10 v5 GPU (36 vCPUs, 440 GB, 1x A10)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_NV36adms_A10_v5"; Cores = 36; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A10"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "NV36adms A10 v5"; Description = "NV36adms A10 v5 GPU (36 vCPUs, 880 GB, 1x A10)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "Standard_NG8ads_V620_v1"; Cores = 8; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "V620"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "NG8ads V620 v1"; Description = "NG8ads V620 v1 GPU (8 vCPUs, 16 GB, 1/2 V620)" }
+        )
+    }
+    AWS = @{
+        ProviderName            = "Amazon Web Services"
+        ServiceProviderName     = "Amazon Web Services"
+        InvoiceIssuerName       = "Amazon Web Services"
+        HostProviderName        = "Amazon Web Services"
+        BillingAccountType      = "Management Account"
+        SubAccountType          = "Member Account"
+        BillingCurrency         = "USD"
+        BillingAccountAgreement = "AWS Customer Agreement"
+        Regions                 = @(
+            @{ Id = "us-east-1"; Name = "US East (N. Virginia)" },
+            @{ Id = "us-west-2"; Name = "US West (Oregon)" },
+            @{ Id = "eu-west-1"; Name = "Europe (Ireland)" },
+            @{ Id = "ap-southeast-1"; Name = "Asia Pacific (Singapore)" }
+        )
+        Services                = @(
+            @{ Name = "Amazon EC2"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Virtual Machines"; Weight = 35; CostMin = 50; CostMax = 2000; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Amazon EKS"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Containers"; Weight = 18; CostMin = 100; CostMax = 2500; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Amazon RDS"; Category = "Databases"; Subcategory = "Relational Databases"; Weight = 12; CostMin = 30; CostMax = 800; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Amazon S3"; Category = "Storage"; Subcategory = "Object Storage"; Weight = 12; CostMin = 5; CostMax = 300; PricingUnit = "GB"; ConsumedUnit = "GB"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 GB" },
+            @{ Name = "Amazon Redshift"; Category = "Analytics"; Subcategory = "Data Warehouses"; Weight = 8; CostMin = 50; CostMax = 1000; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Amazon DynamoDB"; Category = "Databases"; Subcategory = "NoSQL"; Weight = 6; CostMin = 10; CostMax = 400; PricingUnit = "RCUs"; ConsumedUnit = "Read Capacity Units"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Read Capacity Unit" },
+            @{ Name = "Amazon CloudFront"; Category = "Networking"; Subcategory = "Content Delivery"; Weight = 4; CostMin = 5; CostMax = 150; PricingUnit = "GB"; ConsumedUnit = "GB"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 GB" },
+            @{ Name = "AWS Lambda"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Functions"; Weight = 3; CostMin = 0.10; CostMax = 30; PricingUnit = "Requests"; ConsumedUnit = "1M Requests"; PricingBlockSize = 1000000; PricingUnitDescription = "1,000,000 Requests" },
+            @{ Name = "Amazon SQS"; Category = "Integration"; Subcategory = "Other (Integration)"; Weight = 2; CostMin = 0.50; CostMax = 20; PricingUnit = "Requests"; ConsumedUnit = "1M Requests"; PricingBlockSize = 1000000; PricingUnitDescription = "1,000,000 Requests" }
+        )
+        ResourceTypes           = @("AWS::EC2::Instance", "AWS::S3::Bucket", "AWS::RDS::DBInstance", "AWS::EKS::Cluster", "AWS::DynamoDB::Table", "AWS::Lambda::Function")
+        VmSkus                  = @(
+            # CPU instance types
+            @{ InstanceType = "m5.xlarge"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "m5.xlarge"; Description = "m5.xlarge (4 vCPUs, 16 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "m5.2xlarge"; Cores = 8; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "m5.2xlarge"; Description = "m5.2xlarge (8 vCPUs, 32 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "m6a.xlarge"; Cores = 4; Arch = "AMD"; MeterName = "m6a.xlarge"; Description = "m6a.xlarge AMD (4 vCPUs, 16 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "m6a.2xlarge"; Cores = 8; Arch = "AMD"; MeterName = "m6a.2xlarge"; Description = "m6a.2xlarge AMD (8 vCPUs, 32 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "m6g.xlarge"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Arm64"; MeterName = "m6g.xlarge"; Description = "m6g.xlarge Graviton (4 vCPUs, 16 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "m6g.2xlarge"; Cores = 8; Arch = "Arm64"; MeterName = "m6g.2xlarge"; Description = "m6g.2xlarge Graviton (8 vCPUs, 32 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "c5.2xlarge"; Cores = 8; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "c5.2xlarge"; Description = "c5.2xlarge Compute (8 vCPUs, 16 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "r5.xlarge"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "r5.xlarge"; Description = "r5.xlarge Memory (4 vCPUs, 32 GB)" },
+            # GPU instance types
+            @{ InstanceType = "p4d.24xlarge"; Cores = 96; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A100"; GpuCount = 8; MeterName = "p4d.24xlarge"; Description = "p4d.24xlarge GPU (96 vCPUs, 1152 GB, 8x A100)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "p5.48xlarge"; Cores = 192; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "H100"; GpuCount = 8; MeterName = "p5.48xlarge"; Description = "p5.48xlarge GPU (192 vCPUs, 2048 GB, 8x H100)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "g5.xlarge"; Cores = 4; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A10G"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "g5.xlarge"; Description = "g5.xlarge GPU (4 vCPUs, 16 GB, 1x A10G)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "g5.2xlarge"; Cores = 8; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A10G"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "g5.2xlarge"; Description = "g5.2xlarge GPU (8 vCPUs, 32 GB, 1x A10G)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "g4dn.xlarge"; Cores = 4; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "T4"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "g4dn.xlarge"; Description = "g4dn.xlarge GPU (4 vCPUs, 16 GB, 1x T4)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "inf2.xlarge"; Cores = 4; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "Inferentia2"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "inf2.xlarge"; Description = "inf2.xlarge Inferentia (4 vCPUs, 32 GB, 1x Inf2)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "trn1.2xlarge"; Cores = 8; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "Trainium"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "trn1.2xlarge"; Description = "trn1.2xlarge Trainium (8 vCPUs, 32 GB, 1x Trn1)" }
+        )
+    }
+    GCP = @{
+        ProviderName            = "Google Cloud"
+        ServiceProviderName     = "Google Cloud"
+        InvoiceIssuerName       = "Google Cloud"
+        HostProviderName        = "Google Cloud"
+        BillingAccountType      = "Billing Account"
+        SubAccountType          = "Project"
+        BillingCurrency         = "USD"
+        BillingAccountAgreement = "Google Cloud Agreement"
+        Regions                 = @(
+            @{ Id = "us-central1"; Name = "Iowa" },
+            @{ Id = "us-east1"; Name = "South Carolina" },
+            @{ Id = "europe-west1"; Name = "Belgium" },
+            @{ Id = "asia-east1"; Name = "Taiwan" }
+        )
+        Services                = @(
+            @{ Name = "Compute Engine"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Virtual Machines"; Weight = 35; CostMin = 50; CostMax = 2000; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Google Kubernetes Engine"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Containers"; Weight = 20; CostMin = 100; CostMax = 2500; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Cloud SQL"; Category = "Databases"; Subcategory = "Relational Databases"; Weight = 12; CostMin = 30; CostMax = 700; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Cloud Storage"; Category = "Storage"; Subcategory = "Object Storage"; Weight = 12; CostMin = 5; CostMax = 250; PricingUnit = "GB"; ConsumedUnit = "GB"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 GB" },
+            @{ Name = "BigQuery"; Category = "Analytics"; Subcategory = "Data Warehouses"; Weight = 10; CostMin = 20; CostMax = 800; PricingUnit = "TB Scanned"; ConsumedUnit = "TB"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 TB Scanned" },
+            @{ Name = "Cloud Spanner"; Category = "Databases"; Subcategory = "Other (Databases)"; Weight = 5; CostMin = 50; CostMax = 500; PricingUnit = "Node-Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Node Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Node-Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Cloud Run"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Containers"; Weight = 3; CostMin = 5; CostMax = 100; PricingUnit = "vCPU-Seconds"; ConsumedUnit = "vCPU Seconds"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 vCPU-Second" },
+            @{ Name = "Cloud Functions"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Functions"; Weight = 3; CostMin = 0.10; CostMax = 30; PricingUnit = "Invocations"; ConsumedUnit = "1M Invocations"; PricingBlockSize = 1000000; PricingUnitDescription = "1,000,000 Invocations" }
+        )
+        ResourceTypes           = @("compute.googleapis.com/Instance", "storage.googleapis.com/Bucket", "sql.googleapis.com/Instance", "container.googleapis.com/Cluster", "bigquery.googleapis.com/Dataset")
+        VmSkus                  = @(
+            # CPU instance types
+            @{ InstanceType = "n2-standard-4"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "n2-standard-4"; Description = "n2-standard-4 (4 vCPUs, 16 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "n2-standard-8"; Cores = 8; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "n2-standard-8"; Description = "n2-standard-8 (8 vCPUs, 32 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "n2d-standard-4"; Cores = 4; Arch = "AMD"; MeterName = "n2d-standard-4"; Description = "n2d-standard-4 AMD (4 vCPUs, 16 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "n2d-standard-8"; Cores = 8; Arch = "AMD"; MeterName = "n2d-standard-8"; Description = "n2d-standard-8 AMD (8 vCPUs, 32 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "t2a-standard-4"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Arm64"; MeterName = "t2a-standard-4"; Description = "t2a-standard-4 Arm (4 vCPUs, 16 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "c2-standard-8"; Cores = 8; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "c2-standard-8"; Description = "c2-standard-8 Compute (8 vCPUs, 32 GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "e2-standard-4"; Cores = 4; Arch = "Intel"; MeterName = "e2-standard-4"; Description = "e2-standard-4 (4 vCPUs, 16 GB)" },
+            # GPU instance types
+            @{ InstanceType = "a2-highgpu-1g"; Cores = 12; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A100"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "a2-highgpu-1g"; Description = "a2-highgpu-1g GPU (12 vCPUs, 85 GB, 1x A100)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "a2-ultragpu-8g"; Cores = 96; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "A100"; GpuCount = 8; MeterName = "a2-ultragpu-8g"; Description = "a2-ultragpu-8g GPU (96 vCPUs, 1360 GB, 8x A100 80GB)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "a3-highgpu-8g"; Cores = 208; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "H100"; GpuCount = 8; MeterName = "a3-highgpu-8g"; Description = "a3-highgpu-8g GPU (208 vCPUs, 1872 GB, 8x H100)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "g2-standard-4"; Cores = 4; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "L4"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "g2-standard-4"; Description = "g2-standard-4 GPU (4 vCPUs, 16 GB, 1x L4)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "g2-standard-8"; Cores = 8; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "L4"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "g2-standard-8"; Description = "g2-standard-8 GPU (8 vCPUs, 32 GB, 1x L4)" },
+            @{ InstanceType = "n1-standard-4-t4"; Cores = 4; Arch = "GPU"; GpuType = "T4"; GpuCount = 1; MeterName = "n1-standard-4+T4"; Description = "n1-standard-4+T4 GPU (4 vCPUs, 15 GB, 1x T4)" }
+        )
+    }
+    DataCenter = @{
+        ProviderName            = "Internal IT"
+        ServiceProviderName     = "Internal IT"
+        InvoiceIssuerName       = "Internal IT"
+        HostProviderName        = "On-Premises"
+        BillingAccountType      = "Cost Center"
+        SubAccountType          = "Business Unit"
+        BillingCurrency         = "USD"
+        BillingAccountAgreement = "Internal SLA"
+        Regions                 = @(
+            @{ Id = "dc-us-east"; Name = "US East Data Center" },
+            @{ Id = "dc-eu-west"; Name = "EU West Data Center" },
+            @{ Id = "dc-apac"; Name = "APAC Data Center" }
+        )
+        Services                = @(
+            @{ Name = "Physical Servers"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Other (Compute)"; Weight = 30; CostMin = 200; CostMax = 5000; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "VMware vSphere"; Category = "Compute"; Subcategory = "Virtual Machines"; Weight = 25; CostMin = 100; CostMax = 2000; PricingUnit = "Hours"; ConsumedUnit = "Hours"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Hour" },
+            @{ Name = "Oracle Database"; Category = "Databases"; Subcategory = "Relational Databases"; Weight = 15; CostMin = 500; CostMax = 5000; PricingUnit = "Processor Licenses"; ConsumedUnit = "Processor Licenses"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Processor License" },
+            @{ Name = "SAN Storage"; Category = "Storage"; Subcategory = "Block Storage"; Weight = 12; CostMin = 50; CostMax = 1500; PricingUnit = "TB"; ConsumedUnit = "TB"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 TB" },
+            @{ Name = "Network Infrastructure"; Category = "Networking"; Subcategory = "Network Infrastructure"; Weight = 10; CostMin = 20; CostMax = 500; PricingUnit = "Ports"; ConsumedUnit = "Ports"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 Port" },
+            @{ Name = "Facility Costs"; Category = "Other"; Subcategory = "Other"; Weight = 8; CostMin = 100; CostMax = 800; PricingUnit = "kWh"; ConsumedUnit = "kWh"; PricingBlockSize = 1; PricingUnitDescription = "1 kWh" }
+        )
+        ResourceTypes           = @("server/physical", "storage/san", "database/oracle", "virtualization/vmware")
+    }
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Helper Functions
+# ============================================================================
+
+function Get-RandomDecimal
+{
+    param(
+        [decimal]$Min = 0.01,
+        [decimal]$Max = 100.00
+    )
+    # Use [long] to avoid [int] overflow with large ranges
+    $range = [long](($Max - $Min) * 100 + 1)
+    if ($range -le 0) { $range = 1 }
+    # Get-Random -Maximum accepts [long] when > [int]::MaxValue
+    $randomOffset = if ($range -gt [int]::MaxValue)
+    {
+        Get-Random -Minimum 0 -Maximum ([int]($range / 2)) + Get-Random -Minimum 0 -Maximum ([int]($range - $range / 2))
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Get-Random -Maximum ([int]$range)
+    }
+    return [math]::Round($Min + $randomOffset / 100, 2)
+}
+
+function Get-RandomElement
+{
+    param([array]$Array)
+    return $Array[(Get-Random -Maximum $Array.Count)]
+}
+
+function Get-WeightedRandomService
+{
+    param([array]$Services)
+
+    $totalWeight = ($Services | ForEach-Object {
+            if ($_.Weight) { $_.Weight } else { 1 }
+        } | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum
+
+    $randomValue = Get-Random -Maximum $totalWeight
+    $cumulative = 0
+    foreach ($service in $Services)
+    {
+        $weight = if ($service.Weight) { $service.Weight } else { 1 }
+        $cumulative += $weight
+        if ($randomValue -lt $cumulative)
+        {
+            return $service
+        }
+    }
+    return $Services[-1]
+}
+
+function Get-IsoDateTime
+{
+    param([datetime]$Date)
+    return $Date.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ")
+}
+
+# Generate a 12-digit AWS-style account ID without int overflow
+function New-AwsAccountId
+{
+    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions', '')]
+    param()
+    # Split into two 6-digit segments to avoid [int] overflow
+    # (12-digit numbers exceed [int]::MaxValue ~2.1B)
+    $part1 = Get-Random -Minimum 100000 -Maximum 999999
+    $part2 = Get-Random -Minimum 100000 -Maximum 999999
+    return "$part1$part2"
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Persistent Identity Generation
+# ============================================================================
+
+function New-ProviderIdentity
+{
+    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions', '')]
+    param(
+        [string]$Provider,
+        [hashtable]$Config
+    )
+
+    # 2-3 Billing Accounts per provider
+    $billingAccountCount = Get-Random -Minimum 2 -Maximum 4
+    $billingAccounts = @()
+    for ($i = 1; $i -le $billingAccountCount; $i++)
+    {
+        $baId = switch ($Provider)
+        {
+            "Azure" { [guid]::NewGuid().ToString() }
+            "AWS" { New-AwsAccountId }
+            "GCP" { "ABCDEF-$((Get-Random -Minimum 100000 -Maximum 999999))-$((Get-Random -Minimum 100000 -Maximum 999999))" }
+            "DataCenter" { "CC-$(Get-Random -Minimum 10000 -Maximum 99999)" }
+        }
+        $baName = switch ($Provider)
+        {
+            "Azure" { "Contoso EA $i" }
+            "AWS" { "AWS Org Account $i" }
+            "GCP" { "GCP Billing Account $i" }
+            "DataCenter" { "IT Cost Center $i" }
+        }
+        $billingAccounts += @{ Id = $baId; Name = $baName }
+    }
+
+    # 4-8 Sub-Accounts per provider with realistic names
+    $subAccountNames = switch ($Provider)
+    {
+        "Azure" { @("Production Subscription", "Staging Subscription", "Development Subscription", "Shared Services Subscription", "Data Platform Subscription", "Security Subscription", "Networking Subscription", "App Team A Subscription") }
+        "AWS" { @("prod-workloads", "staging-env", "dev-sandbox", "shared-services", "data-lake", "security-tools", "networking", "app-team-b") }
+        "GCP" { @("prod-services", "staging-services", "dev-playground", "shared-infra", "analytics-platform", "ml-experiments", "networking", "frontend-apps") }
+        "DataCenter" { @("Engineering", "Finance", "Operations", "Research", "Marketing", "IT Infrastructure", "Human Resources", "Executive") }
+    }
+    $subAccountCount = Get-Random -Minimum 4 -Maximum ([math]::Min(9, $subAccountNames.Count + 1))
+    $subAccounts = @()
+    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $subAccountCount; $i++)
+    {
+        $saName = $subAccountNames[$i]
+        $saId = switch ($Provider)
+        {
+            "Azure" { "/subscriptions/$([guid]::NewGuid().ToString())" }
+            "AWS" { New-AwsAccountId }
+            "GCP" { "proj-$($Provider.ToLower())-$(Get-Random -Minimum 10000 -Maximum 99999)" }
+            "DataCenter" { "BU-$(Get-Random -Minimum 100 -Maximum 999)" }
+        }
+        $subAccounts += @{ Id = $saId; Name = $saName; BillingAccount = $billingAccounts[$i % $billingAccounts.Count] }
+    }
+
+    # Billing profile IDs (consistent per provider)
+    $billingProfileIds = @()
+    for ($i = 1; $i -le 3; $i++)
+    {
+        $billingProfileIds += "BP-$(Get-Random -Minimum 10000 -Maximum 99999)"
+    }
+
+    # Resource Groups
+    $resourceGroups = @("rg-production-001", "rg-staging-001", "rg-development-001", "rg-data-platform",
+        "rg-shared-services", "rg-networking", "rg-security", "rg-analytics",
+        "rg-app-team-a", "rg-app-team-b", "rg-ml-training", "rg-monitoring")
+
+    # Pre-generate a pool of persistent resources
+    $resourceCount = Get-Random -Minimum 150 -Maximum 400
+    $resources = @()
+    for ($i = 1; $i -le $resourceCount; $i++)
+    {
+        $service = Get-WeightedRandomService -Services $Config.Services
+        $region = Get-RandomElement -Array $Config.Regions
+        $resourceType = Get-RandomElement -Array $Config.ResourceTypes
+        $subAccount = Get-RandomElement -Array $subAccounts
+        $rg = Get-RandomElement -Array $resourceGroups
+        $shortId = ([guid]::NewGuid().ToString()).Substring(0, 8)
+
+        $resourceId = switch ($Provider)
+        {
+            "Azure" { "$($subAccount.Id)/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/$resourceType/$shortId" }
+            "AWS" { "arn:aws:$(($resourceType -split '::')[1].ToLower()):$($region.Id):$($subAccount.Id):instance/i-$shortId" }
+            "GCP" { "//$(($resourceType -split '/')[0])/projects/$($subAccount.Id)/zones/$($region.Id)-$(Get-RandomElement -Array @('a','b','c'))/instances/vm-$shortId" }
+            "DataCenter" { "dc://$($region.Id)/$resourceType/$shortId" }
+        }
+
+        $resourceName = "$($service.Name.ToLower() -replace ' ','-')-$shortId"
+
+        # Tags: ~80% of resources get tags, ~20% are untagged (for tag coverage analysis)
+        $tagHash = @{}
+        $hasTagsRoll = Get-Random -Maximum 100
+        if ($hasTagsRoll -lt 80)
+        {
+            $tagHash = @{
+                "Environment"  = Get-RandomElement -Array @("Production", "Staging", "Development", "Test")
+                "Department"   = Get-RandomElement -Array @("Engineering", "Finance", "Operations", "Marketing", "Sales", "Research")
+                "CostCenter"   = "CC-$(Get-Random -Minimum 100 -Maximum 999)"
+                "BusinessUnit" = Get-RandomElement -Array @("BU-1", "BU-2", "BU-3", "BU-4")
+                "Application"  = Get-RandomElement -Array @("web-app", "api-service", "data-pipeline", "analytics", "backend", "frontend", "ml-training", "batch-jobs")
+                "Owner"        = Get-RandomElement -Array @("team-alpha", "team-beta", "platform", "data-team", "infra", "security-team", "devops", "sre")
+            }
+
+            # Azure-specific FinOps Hub tags on ~30% of tagged Azure resources
+            if ($Provider -eq "Azure" -and (Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 30)
+            {
+                $hubStorageSuffix = Get-Random -Minimum 1000 -Maximum 9999
+                $tagHash["ftk-tool"] = "FinOps hubs"
+                $tagHash["ftk-version"] = "0.8.0"
+                $tagHash["cm-resource-parent"] = "$($subAccount.Id)/resourceGroups/rg-finops-hub/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/stfinopshub$hubStorageSuffix"
+            }
+
+            # AWS-specific tags
+            if ($Provider -eq "AWS")
+            {
+                $tagHash["aws:createdBy"] = Get-RandomElement -Array @("CloudFormation", "Terraform", "CDK", "Console")
+            }
+
+            # GCP-specific tags
+            if ($Provider -eq "GCP")
+            {
+                $tagHash["goog-dm"] = Get-RandomElement -Array @("deployment-mgr", "terraform", "gcloud-cli")
+            }
+        }
+
+        # VM SKU assignment (providers with VmSkus get instance types for VM compute services)
+        $vmSku = $null
+        $isVmResource = ($Provider -eq "Azure" -and $resourceType -eq "microsoft.compute/virtualmachines") -or
+                        ($Provider -eq "AWS" -and $resourceType -eq "AWS::EC2::Instance") -or
+                        ($Provider -eq "GCP" -and $resourceType -eq "compute.googleapis.com/Instance")
+        if ($isVmResource -and $Config.VmSkus)
+        {
+            $vmSku = Get-RandomElement -Array $Config.VmSkus
+        }
+
+        # AHB eligibility: Azure VMs and SQL with ~40% eligible
+        $ahbEligible = $false
+        $ahbLicenseType = $null
+        if ($Provider -eq "Azure" -and $resourceType -in @("microsoft.compute/virtualmachines", "microsoft.sql/servers"))
+        {
+            if ((Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 40)
+            {
+                $ahbEligible = $true
+                $ahbLicenseType = if ($resourceType -eq "microsoft.sql/servers")
+                {
+                    "SQL Server"
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Get-RandomElement -Array @("Windows Server", "Windows Server", "SUSE Linux", "RHEL Linux")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        # Determine a base daily cost for this specific resource (varies +/-20% daily)
+        $baseDailyCost = Get-RandomDecimal -Min $service.CostMin -Max $service.CostMax
+
+        # SKU IDs (stable per resource)
+        $skuId = "SKU-$(Get-Random -Minimum 100000 -Maximum 999999)"
+        $skuPriceId = "PRICE-$(Get-Random -Minimum 100000 -Maximum 999999)"
+        $skuMeterId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
+
+        $resources += @{
+            ResourceId     = $resourceId
+            ResourceName   = $resourceName
+            ResourceType   = $resourceType
+            Service        = $service
+            Region         = $region
+            SubAccount     = $subAccount
+            ResourceGroup  = $rg
+            Tags           = $tagHash
+            BaseDailyCost  = $baseDailyCost
+            SkuId          = $skuId
+            SkuPriceId     = $skuPriceId
+            SkuMeterId     = $skuMeterId
+            VmSku          = $vmSku
+            AhbEligible    = $ahbEligible
+            AhbLicenseType = $ahbLicenseType
+        }
+    }
+
+    # Pre-generate commitment discounts (multi-cloud)
+    $commitments = @()
+    $commitmentCount = switch ($Provider)
+    {
+        "Azure" { Get-Random -Minimum 8 -Maximum 16 }
+        "AWS" { Get-Random -Minimum 5 -Maximum 12 }
+        "GCP" { Get-Random -Minimum 3 -Maximum 8 }
+        "DataCenter" { 0 }
+    }
+    for ($i = 1; $i -le $commitmentCount; $i++)
+    {
+        $commitType = Get-RandomElement -Array @("Reservation", "Savings Plan")
+        $commitId = switch ($Provider)
+        {
+            "Azure"
+            {
+                if ($commitType -eq "Reservation")
+                {
+                    "/providers/Microsoft.Capacity/reservationOrders/$([guid]::NewGuid().ToString())"
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    "/providers/Microsoft.BillingBenefits/savingsPlanOrders/$([guid]::NewGuid().ToString())"
+                }
+            }
+            "AWS" { "arn:aws:savingsplans::$(New-AwsAccountId):savingsplan/sp-$([guid]::NewGuid().ToString().Substring(0,8))" }
+            "GCP" { "projects/test-project/commitments/$([guid]::NewGuid().ToString().Substring(0,8))" }
+            default { "" }
+        }
+        $skuOrderId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
+        $skuTerm = [string](Get-RandomElement -Array @(12, 36))  # 1 year or 3 years in months
+
+        $commitments += @{
+            Id         = $commitId
+            Name       = "$($commitType -replace ' ','')-$(Get-Random -Minimum 1000 -Maximum 9999)"
+            Type       = $commitType
+            # FOCUS spec: Reservation = "Usage" (committed usage), Savings Plan = "Spend" (committed spend)
+            Category   = if ($commitType -eq "Reservation") { "Usage" } else { "Spend" }
+            SkuOrderId = $skuOrderId
+            SkuTerm    = $skuTerm
+        }
+    }
+
+    # Invoice IDs per billing period (populated lazily)
+    $invoiceIds = @{}
+
+    # Marketplace publishers
+    $marketplacePublishers = @(
+        "Palo Alto Networks", "Fortinet", "Check Point", "Zscaler", "Cisco Meraki",
+        "Databricks", "Snowflake", "Confluent",
+        "Datadog", "Elastic", "Dynatrace", "New Relic",
+        "HashiCorp", "Red Hat", "SUSE",
+        "Twilio SendGrid", "MongoDB", "Salesforce", "ServiceNow"
+    )
+
+    return @{
+        BillingAccounts       = $billingAccounts
+        SubAccounts           = $subAccounts
+        BillingProfileIds     = $billingProfileIds
+        ResourceGroups        = $resourceGroups
+        Resources             = $resources
+        Commitments           = $commitments
+        InvoiceIds            = $invoiceIds
+        MarketplacePublishers = $marketplacePublishers
+    }
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Row Generation
+# ============================================================================
+
+function New-FocusRow
+{
+    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions', '')]
+    param(
+        [string]$Provider,
+        [datetime]$ChargeDate,
+        [hashtable]$Config,
+        [hashtable]$Identity,
+        [double]$ScaleFactor,
+        [version]$FocusVer,
+        [switch]$IncludeCommitments,
+        [switch]$IncludeHybridBenefit
+    )
+
+    # Pick a persistent resource
+    $res = Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.Resources
+    $service = $res.Service
+    $region = $res.Region
+    $subAccount = $res.SubAccount
+    $billingAccount = $subAccount.BillingAccount
+
+    # Daily cost variation: base +/- 20% with slight upward trend over months
+    $monthIndex = (($ChargeDate.Year - $StartDate.Year) * 12 + $ChargeDate.Month - $StartDate.Month)
+    $trendFactor = 1.0 + ($monthIndex * 0.02)  # 2% growth per month
+    $jitter = 0.80 + (Get-Random -Maximum 41) / 100.0  # 0.80 to 1.20
+    $listCost = [math]::Round($res.BaseDailyCost * $trendFactor * $jitter * $ScaleFactor, 2)
+    if ($listCost -lt 0.01) { $listCost = 0.01 }
+
+    # On-demand cost: same as list cost (before any discounts)
+    $onDemandCost = $listCost
+
+    # Negotiated/EA discount: 5-30% off list for ~60% of rows
+    $negotiatedDiscountPct = 0
+    if ((Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 60)
+    {
+        $negotiatedDiscountPct = Get-Random -Minimum 5 -Maximum 31
+    }
+    $contractedCost = [math]::Round($listCost * (100 - $negotiatedDiscountPct) / 100, 2)
+    $billedCost = $contractedCost
+    $effectiveCost = $contractedCost
+
+    $pricingQuantity = Get-RandomDecimal -Min 1 -Max 1000
+    $consumedQuantity = $pricingQuantity
+
+    $chargePeriodStart = $ChargeDate.Date
+    $chargePeriodEnd = $ChargeDate.Date.AddDays(1)
+    $billingPeriodStart = [datetime]::new($ChargeDate.Year, $ChargeDate.Month, 1)
+    $billingPeriodEnd = $billingPeriodStart.AddMonths(1)
+
+    # Charge category distribution: 85% Usage, 8% Purchase, 3% Tax, 2% Credit, 2% Adjustment
+    $catRoll = Get-Random -Maximum 100
+    $chargeCategory = if ($catRoll -lt 85) { "Usage" }
+    elseif ($catRoll -lt 93) { "Purchase" }
+    elseif ($catRoll -lt 96) { "Tax" }
+    elseif ($catRoll -lt 98) { "Credit" }
+    else { "Adjustment" }
+
+    # ChargeClass: mostly null, ~3% are corrections
+    $chargeClass = $null
+    if ((Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 3)
+    {
+        $chargeClass = "Correction"
+    }
+
+    # ChargeFrequency based on ChargeCategory
+    $chargeFrequency = switch ($chargeCategory)
+    {
+        "Purchase" { Get-RandomElement -Array @("One-Time", "Recurring") }
+        "Tax" { "Recurring" }
+        "Credit" { "One-Time" }
+        default { "Usage-Based" }
+    }
+
+    # Credits and Adjustments are negative
+    if ($chargeCategory -in @("Credit", "Adjustment"))
+    {
+        $listCost = -[math]::Abs($listCost) * 0.1  # Credits are ~10% of normal costs
+        $contractedCost = $listCost
+        $billedCost = $listCost
+        $effectiveCost = $listCost
+        $onDemandCost = [math]::Abs($listCost)
+    }
+
+    # AvailabilityZone: vary a/b/c
+    $az = "$($region.Id)-$(Get-RandomElement -Array @('a', 'b', 'c'))"
+
+    # === PRICING CATEGORY (start with Standard/on-demand) ===
+    $pricingCategory = "Standard"
+
+    # === COMMITMENT DISCOUNT SIMULATION (multi-cloud) ===
+    $commitmentDiscountId = $null
+    $commitmentDiscountName = $null
+    $commitmentDiscountCategory = $null
+    $commitmentDiscountType = $null
+    $commitmentDiscountStatus = $null
+    $commitmentDiscountQuantity = $null
+    $commitmentDiscountUnit = $null
+    $x_SkuOrderId = $null
+    $x_SkuTerm = $null
+
+    # 30% chance of commitment-covered usage (Azure/AWS/GCP - not DataCenter)
+    if ($IncludeCommitments -and $Provider -ne "DataCenter" -and $chargeCategory -eq "Usage" -and
+        $Identity.Commitments.Count -gt 0 -and (Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 30)
+    {
+
+        $commitment = Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.Commitments
+        $commitmentDiscountId = $commitment.Id
+        $commitmentDiscountName = $commitment.Name
+        $commitmentDiscountCategory = $commitment.Category
+        $commitmentDiscountType = $commitment.Type
+        $x_SkuOrderId = $commitment.SkuOrderId
+        $x_SkuTerm = $commitment.SkuTerm
+        $pricingCategory = "Committed"
+
+        # 85% utilization - most are Used, some Unused
+        if ((Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 85)
+        {
+            $commitmentDiscountStatus = "Used"
+            $effectiveCost = [math]::Round($contractedCost * 0.40, 2)  # 60% savings on contracted
+            $billedCost = 0  # Prepaid
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $commitmentDiscountStatus = "Unused"
+            $effectiveCost = [math]::Round($contractedCost * 0.60, 2)  # Wasted commitment
+            $billedCost = $effectiveCost
+        }
+
+        $commitmentDiscountQuantity = $pricingQuantity
+        $commitmentDiscountUnit = $service.PricingUnit
+    }
+
+    # === COMMITMENT PURCHASE ROWS (for invoicing page) ===
+    if ($IncludeCommitments -and $Provider -ne "DataCenter" -and $chargeCategory -eq "Purchase" -and
+        $Identity.Commitments.Count -gt 0 -and (Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 50)
+    {
+
+        $commitment = Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.Commitments
+        $commitmentDiscountId = $commitment.Id
+        $commitmentDiscountName = $commitment.Name
+        $commitmentDiscountCategory = $commitment.Category
+        $commitmentDiscountType = $commitment.Type
+        $x_SkuOrderId = $commitment.SkuOrderId
+        $x_SkuTerm = $commitment.SkuTerm
+        $pricingCategory = "Committed"
+    }
+
+    # === SPOT / DYNAMIC INSTANCE SIMULATION ===
+    $spotEligibleServices = @("Virtual Machines", "Azure Kubernetes Service", "Amazon EC2", "Amazon EKS", "Compute Engine", "Google Kubernetes Engine", "VMware vSphere")
+    if ($chargeCategory -eq "Usage" -and $null -eq $commitmentDiscountId -and $service.Name -in $spotEligibleServices)
+    {
+        if ((Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 15)
+        {
+            $pricingCategory = "Dynamic"
+
+            $spotDiscount = Get-Random -Minimum 60 -Maximum 90
+            $effectiveCost = [math]::Round($listCost * (100 - $spotDiscount) / 100, 2)
+            $billedCost = $effectiveCost
+            $contractedCost = $effectiveCost
+        }
+    }
+
+    # === AZURE HYBRID BENEFIT SIMULATION ===
+    $x_SkuMeterCategory = $null
+    $x_SkuMeterSubcategory = $null
+    $x_SkuMeterName = $null
+    $x_SkuInstanceType = $null
+    $x_SkuCoreCount = $null
+    $x_SkuLicenseStatus = $null
+    $x_SkuLicenseQuantity = $null
+    $x_SkuLicenseType = $null
+    $x_SkuDescription = $null
+
+    if ($Provider -eq "Azure")
+    {
+        if ($res.VmSku)
+        {
+            $vmSku = $res.VmSku
+            $x_SkuInstanceType = $vmSku.InstanceType
+            $x_SkuCoreCount = $vmSku.Cores
+            $x_SkuDescription = $vmSku.Description
+            $x_SkuMeterCategory = "Virtual Machines"
+            $x_SkuMeterSubcategory = "$($vmSku.InstanceType) Series"
+            $x_SkuMeterName = $vmSku.MeterName
+        }
+        elseif ($service.Category -eq "Compute")
+        {
+            $x_SkuMeterCategory = $service.Name
+            $x_SkuMeterSubcategory = $service.Subcategory
+            $x_SkuDescription = "$($service.Name) - Standard"
+        }
+        elseif ($service.Category -eq "Databases")
+        {
+            $x_SkuMeterCategory = $service.Name
+            $x_SkuMeterSubcategory = "Compute"
+            $x_SkuDescription = "$($service.Name) - Standard Tier"
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $x_SkuDescription = "$($service.Name) - $($service.Subcategory)"
+        }
+
+        # AHB columns — set x_SkuMeterSubcategory patterns that the ingestion KQL uses to derive
+        # x_SkuLicenseType and x_SkuLicenseStatus (the KQL re-derives these, so raw values are overwritten)
+        if ($IncludeHybridBenefit -and $res.AhbEligible -and $chargeCategory -eq "Usage")
+        {
+            $x_SkuLicenseType = $res.AhbLicenseType
+
+            if ((Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 60)
+            {
+                # AHB Enabled — ingestion KQL checks: x_SkuMeterSubcategory contains 'Azure Hybrid Benefit'
+                $x_SkuLicenseStatus = "Enabled"
+                $x_SkuLicenseQuantity = if ($res.VmSku) { $res.VmSku.Cores } else { Get-RandomElement -Array @(2, 4, 8, 16) }
+                $licenseSavings = [math]::Round([math]::Abs($effectiveCost) * 0.40, 2)
+                $effectiveCost = [math]::Max(0.01, [math]::Round($effectiveCost - $licenseSavings, 2))
+
+                if ($res.AhbLicenseType -eq "SQL Server")
+                {
+                    $x_SkuMeterSubcategory = "SQL Server Azure Hybrid Benefit"
+                }
+                elseif ($res.VmSku)
+                {
+                    # Real Azure pattern: "Dv5 Series Windows" + BYOL image type
+                    $x_SkuMeterSubcategory = "$($vmSku.InstanceType) Series Azure Hybrid Benefit"
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                # AHB Not Enabled — ingestion KQL checks: x_SkuMeterSubcategory contains 'Windows'
+                $x_SkuLicenseStatus = "Not Enabled"
+                $x_SkuLicenseQuantity = 0
+
+                if ($res.AhbLicenseType -eq "SQL Server")
+                {
+                    $x_SkuMeterCategory = "SQL Database"
+                    $x_SkuMeterSubcategory = "Compute"
+                }
+                elseif ($res.VmSku)
+                {
+                    # Real Azure pattern: "Dv5 Series Windows" (contains 'Windows' but not 'Azure Hybrid Benefit')
+                    $x_SkuMeterSubcategory = "$($vmSku.InstanceType) Series Windows"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    # === UNIT PRICES (derived from costs / quantity) ===
+    # Calculated AFTER all cost modifications to maintain FOCUS cost invariants:
+    #   ListCost = ListUnitPrice * PricingQuantity
+    #   ContractedCost = ContractedUnitPrice * PricingQuantity
+    $listUnitPrice = if ($pricingQuantity -ne 0) { [math]::Round($listCost / $pricingQuantity, 2) } else { 0 }
+    $contractedUnitPrice = if ($pricingQuantity -ne 0) { [math]::Round($contractedCost / $pricingQuantity, 2) } else { 0 }
+    $effectiveUnitPrice = if ($pricingQuantity -ne 0) { [math]::Round($effectiveCost / $pricingQuantity, 2) } else { 0 }
+    $billedUnitPrice = if ($pricingQuantity -ne 0) { [math]::Round($billedCost / $pricingQuantity, 2) } else { 0 }
+    $onDemandUnitPrice = if ($pricingQuantity -ne 0) { [math]::Round($onDemandCost / $pricingQuantity, 2) } else { 0 }
+
+    # === DATA QUALITY ANOMALIES (~2% of rows) ===
+    # Anomaly rows use ChargeClass=Correction to exempt them from FOCUS cost invariant rules.
+    # This is documented via x_SourceChanges for the data quality dashboard page.
+    $x_SourceChanges = $null
+    $qualityRoll = Get-Random -Maximum 100
+    if ($qualityRoll -eq 0)
+    {
+        # Effective > Contracted (anomaly) - mark as Correction
+        $effectiveCost = [math]::Round($contractedCost * 1.1, 2)
+        $effectiveUnitPrice = if ($pricingQuantity -ne 0) { [math]::Round($effectiveCost / $pricingQuantity, 2) } else { 0 }
+        $x_SourceChanges = "CostAdjustment"
+        $chargeClass = "Correction"
+    }
+    elseif ($qualityRoll -eq 1)
+    {
+        # Contracted > List (anomaly) - mark as Correction
+        $contractedCost = [math]::Round($listCost * 1.05, 2)
+        $contractedUnitPrice = if ($pricingQuantity -ne 0) { [math]::Round($contractedCost / $pricingQuantity, 2) } else { 0 }
+        $x_SourceChanges = "PriceCorrection"
+        $chargeClass = "Correction"
+    }
+
+    # Invoice ID: stable per billing period
+    # Credits and adjustments typically do not have invoices (FOCUS spec compliance)
+    $invoiceId = $null
+    if ($chargeCategory -notin @("Credit", "Adjustment") -or $chargeClass -eq "Correction")
+    {
+        $invoiceKey = "$($billingAccount.Id)-$($billingPeriodStart.ToString('yyyyMM'))"
+        if (-not $Identity.InvoiceIds.ContainsKey($invoiceKey))
+        {
+            $Identity.InvoiceIds[$invoiceKey] = "INV-$($billingPeriodStart.ToString('yyyyMM'))-$(Get-Random -Minimum 10000 -Maximum 99999)"
+        }
+        $invoiceId = $Identity.InvoiceIds[$invoiceKey]
+    }
+
+    # Tags as JSON
+    $tagsJson = if ($res.Tags.Count -gt 0) { ($res.Tags | ConvertTo-Json -Compress) } else { '{}' }
+
+    # Publisher info
+    $isMarketplace = [bool]$service.IsMarketplace
+    $publisherName = if ($isMarketplace) { Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.MarketplacePublishers } else { $Config.ServiceProviderName }
+
+    # === CAPACITY RESERVATION SIMULATION (v1.3+) ===
+    $capacityReservationId = $null
+    $capacityReservationStatus = $null
+    # ~10% of Usage rows for cloud providers with VM services get capacity reservations
+    if ($chargeCategory -eq 'Usage' -and $null -eq $commitmentDiscountId -and
+        $Provider -ne 'DataCenter' -and $service.Category -eq 'Compute' -and
+        (Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 10)
+    {
+        $capacityReservationId = "/subscriptions/$($subAccount.Id)/providers/Microsoft.Compute/capacityReservationGroups/crg-$(Get-Random -Minimum 1000 -Maximum 9999)"
+        $capacityReservationStatus = if ((Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 85) { 'Used' } else { 'Unused' }
+    }
+
+    # === SKU METER (v1.3+) — describes what the SKU is metering ===
+    # For Azure VMs, use the VM SKU meter name (e.g., "D4s v5/Hour") so the CPU
+    # architecture dashboard can classify by AMD/Intel/Arm64 using SKU naming patterns.
+    $skuMeter = if ($res.VmSku)
+    {
+        "$($res.VmSku.MeterName)/Hour"
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        switch ($service.Category)
+        {
+            'Compute'   { 'Compute Usage' }
+            'Storage'   { 'Block Volume Usage' }
+            'Databases' { 'Database Usage' }
+            'Networking' { 'Data Transfer' }
+            default     { 'API Requests' }
+        }
+    }
+
+    # === CONTRACT APPLIED (v1.3+) — JSON bridging Cost rows to Contract Commitment dataset ===
+    $contractApplied = $null
+    if ($commitmentDiscountId -and $pricingCategory -eq 'Committed')
+    {
+        $contractApplied = (@{
+            ContractId     = $x_SkuOrderId
+            ContractType   = $commitmentDiscountType
+            ContractTerm   = $x_SkuTerm
+            ContractStatus = $commitmentDiscountStatus
+        } | ConvertTo-Json -Compress)
+    }
+
+    # === SPLIT COST ALLOCATION (v1.3+) — simulates shared resource cost splitting ===
+    # ~10% of container service rows (AKS, EKS, GKE) get allocation data to test the
+    # split cost allocation dashboard features.
+    $allocatedMethodDetails = $null
+    $allocatedMethodId = $null
+    $allocatedResourceId = $null
+    $allocatedResourceName = $null
+    $allocatedResourceType = $null
+    $allocatedTags = $null
+
+    $allocationEligibleServices = @('Azure Kubernetes Service', 'Amazon EKS', 'Google Kubernetes Engine')
+    if ($chargeCategory -eq 'Usage' -and $service.Name -in $allocationEligibleServices -and
+        (Get-Random -Maximum 100) -lt 10)
+    {
+        $allocatedNamespace = Get-RandomElement -Array @('frontend', 'backend', 'data-pipeline', 'monitoring', 'ml-inference', 'batch-jobs')
+        $allocatedMethodId = 'ProportionalByCPU'
+        $allocatedMethodDetails = (@{
+            Method     = 'Proportional'
+            SplitBy    = 'CPU Requests'
+            Namespace  = $allocatedNamespace
+            Percentage = [math]::Round((Get-Random -Minimum 5 -Maximum 60), 0)
+        } | ConvertTo-Json -Compress)
+        $allocatedResourceId = "$($res.ResourceId)/namespaces/$allocatedNamespace"
+        $allocatedResourceName = "$($res.ResourceName)/$allocatedNamespace"
+        $allocatedResourceType = switch ($Provider)
+        {
+            'Azure' { 'microsoft.containerservice/managedclusters/namespaces' }
+            'AWS'   { 'AWS::EKS::Cluster::Namespace' }
+            'GCP'   { 'container.googleapis.com/Cluster/Namespace' }
+            default { $res.ResourceType }
+        }
+        $allocatedTags = (@{
+            Namespace = $allocatedNamespace
+            Team      = Get-RandomElement -Array @('team-alpha', 'team-beta', 'platform', 'data-team')
+        } | ConvertTo-Json -Compress)
+    }
+
+    # === SKU PRICE DETAILS (v1.2+) — JSON with FOCUS-defined properties ===
+    $skuPriceDetails = $null
+    if ($chargeCategory -in @('Usage', 'Purchase'))
+    {
+        $spd = [ordered]@{}
+        if ($res.VmSku)
+        {
+            $spd['CoreCount']        = $res.VmSku.Cores
+            $spd['OperatingSystem']   = Get-RandomElement -Array @('Linux', 'Windows')
+        }
+        elseif ($service.Category -eq 'Storage')
+        {
+            $spd['DiskSpace']   = Get-RandomElement -Array @(32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024)
+            $spd['DiskType']    = Get-RandomElement -Array @('SSD', 'HDD')
+            $spd['Redundancy']  = Get-RandomElement -Array @('Local', 'Zonal', 'Global')
+            $spd['StorageClass'] = Get-RandomElement -Array @('Hot', 'Cool', 'Archive')
+        }
+        elseif ($service.Category -eq 'Databases')
+        {
+            $spd['CoreCount'] = Get-RandomElement -Array @(2, 4, 8, 16)
+        }
+        if ($spd.Count -gt 0)
+        {
+            $skuPriceDetails = ($spd | ConvertTo-Json -Compress)
+        }
+    }
+
+    # Build the row as an ordered hashtable, then select version-appropriate columns
+    $row = [ordered]@{
+        # ===================== Mandatory FOCUS columns (all versions) =====================
+        BilledCost        = $billedCost
+        BillingAccountId  = $billingAccount.Id
+        BillingAccountName = $billingAccount.Name
+        BillingCurrency   = $Config.BillingCurrency
+        BillingPeriodEnd  = Get-IsoDateTime -Date $billingPeriodEnd
+        BillingPeriodStart = Get-IsoDateTime -Date $billingPeriodStart
+        ChargeCategory    = $chargeCategory
+        ChargeClass       = $chargeClass
+        ChargeDescription = "$($service.Name) usage in $($region.Name)"
+        ChargeFrequency   = $chargeFrequency
+        ChargePeriodEnd   = Get-IsoDateTime -Date $chargePeriodEnd
+        ChargePeriodStart = Get-IsoDateTime -Date $chargePeriodStart
+        ContractedCost    = $contractedCost
+        EffectiveCost     = $effectiveCost
+        InvoiceIssuerName = $Config.InvoiceIssuerName
+        ListCost          = $listCost
+        ListUnitPrice     = $listUnitPrice
+        PricingQuantity   = $pricingQuantity
+        PricingUnit       = $service.PricingUnit
+        # ProviderName is mandatory in FOCUS v1.0-v1.2; renamed to ServiceProviderName in v1.3
+        ProviderName      = $Config.ProviderName
+        RegionId          = $region.Id
+        RegionName        = $region.Name
+        ResourceId        = $res.ResourceId
+        ResourceName      = $res.ResourceName
+        ResourceType      = $res.ResourceType
+        ServiceCategory   = $service.Category
+        ServiceName       = $service.Name
+        SkuId             = $res.SkuId
+        SkuPriceId        = $res.SkuPriceId
+        SubAccountId      = $subAccount.Id
+        SubAccountName    = $subAccount.Name
+        Tags              = $tagsJson
+
+        # ===================== Conditional FOCUS columns (all versions) =====================
+        AvailabilityZone           = $az
+        CommitmentDiscountCategory = $commitmentDiscountCategory
+        CommitmentDiscountId       = $commitmentDiscountId
+        CommitmentDiscountName     = $commitmentDiscountName
+        CommitmentDiscountStatus   = $commitmentDiscountStatus
+        CommitmentDiscountType     = $commitmentDiscountType
+        ConsumedQuantity           = $consumedQuantity
+        ConsumedUnit               = $service.ConsumedUnit
+        ContractedUnitPrice        = $contractedUnitPrice
+        PricingCategory            = $pricingCategory
+        ServiceSubcategory         = $service.Subcategory
+
+        # ===================== Version-specific FOCUS columns =====================
+        # All columns included in the ordered hashtable upfront so Export-Parquet sees
+        # a consistent 80-column schema from the very first row.
+
+        # v1.1+
+        CommitmentDiscountQuantity = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.1') { $commitmentDiscountQuantity } else { [double]0 }
+        CommitmentDiscountUnit     = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.1') { $commitmentDiscountUnit     } else { '' }
+
+        # v1.2+
+        BillingAccountType                = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.2') { $Config.BillingAccountType } else { '' }
+        InvoiceId                         = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.2') { $invoiceId                 } else { '' }
+        PricingCurrency                   = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.2') { $Config.BillingCurrency    } else { '' }
+        PricingCurrencyContractedUnitPrice = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.2') { $contractedUnitPrice       } else { $null }
+        PricingCurrencyEffectiveCost      = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.2') { $effectiveCost             } else { $null }
+        PricingCurrencyListUnitPrice      = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.2') { $listUnitPrice             } else { $null }
+        SkuPriceDetails                   = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.2') { $skuPriceDetails           } else { $null }
+        SubAccountType                    = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.2') { $Config.SubAccountType     } else { '' }
+
+        # v1.3+
+        CapacityReservationId             = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $capacityReservationId     } else { $null }
+        CapacityReservationStatus         = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $capacityReservationStatus } else { $null }
+        ContractApplied                   = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $contractApplied           } else { $null }
+        HostProviderName                  = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $Config.HostProviderName    } else { '' }
+        ServiceProviderName               = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $Config.ServiceProviderName } else { '' }
+        SkuMeter                          = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $skuMeter                  } else { '' }
+
+        # v1.3+ Allocation columns (Recommended/Conditional)
+        # Populated for shared/container services (~10% of AKS/EKS/GKE rows) to simulate split cost allocation.
+        AllocatedMethodDetails            = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $allocatedMethodDetails  } else { $null }
+        AllocatedMethodId                 = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $allocatedMethodId       } else { $null }
+        AllocatedResourceId               = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $allocatedResourceId     } else { $null }
+        AllocatedResourceName             = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $allocatedResourceName   } else { $null }
+        AllocatedResourceType             = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $allocatedResourceType   } else { $null }
+        AllocatedTags                     = if ($FocusVer -ge [version]'1.3') { $allocatedTags           } else { $null }
+
+        # ===================== FinOps Hub / Dashboard required columns =====================
+        x_BillingAccountId         = $billingAccount.Id
+        x_BillingAccountAgreement  = $Config.BillingAccountAgreement
+        x_BillingProfileId         = (Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.BillingProfileIds)
+        x_ResourceGroupName        = $res.ResourceGroup
+        x_ResourceType             = $res.ResourceType
+
+        # Publisher
+        PublisherName              = $publisherName
+        x_PublisherCategory        = if ($isMarketplace) { 'Marketplace' } else { $Provider }
+
+        # Unit prices (dashboard discount analysis)
+        x_EffectiveUnitPrice       = $effectiveUnitPrice
+        x_BilledUnitPrice          = $billedUnitPrice
+        x_OnDemandCost             = $onDemandCost
+        x_OnDemandUnitPrice        = $onDemandUnitPrice
+
+        # SKU columns
+        x_SkuDescription           = $x_SkuDescription
+        x_SkuInstanceType          = $x_SkuInstanceType
+        x_SkuCoreCount             = $x_SkuCoreCount
+        x_SkuMeterCategory         = $x_SkuMeterCategory
+        x_SkuMeterSubcategory      = $x_SkuMeterSubcategory
+        x_SkuMeterName             = $x_SkuMeterName
+        x_SkuMeterId               = $res.SkuMeterId
+        x_SkuOfferId               = if ($Provider -eq 'Azure') { 'MS-AZR-0017P' } else { '' }
+        x_SkuLicenseStatus         = $x_SkuLicenseStatus
+        x_SkuLicenseQuantity       = $x_SkuLicenseQuantity
+        x_SkuLicenseType           = $x_SkuLicenseType
+
+        # Commitment linkage
+        x_SkuOrderId               = $x_SkuOrderId
+        x_SkuTerm                  = $x_SkuTerm
+
+        # Pricing detail
+        x_PricingBlockSize         = $service.PricingBlockSize
+        x_PricingUnitDescription   = $service.PricingUnitDescription
+
+        # Source metadata (required by ingestion pipeline)
+        x_SourceName               = "test-data-generator"
+        x_SourceProvider           = "Microsoft"
+        x_SourceType               = "FocusCost"
+        x_SourceVersion            = "1.0-preview(v1)"
+
+        # Data quality / metadata
+        x_SourceChanges            = $x_SourceChanges
+        x_CloudProvider            = $Provider
+        x_FocusVersion             = $FocusVersion
+        x_IngestionTime            = (Get-IsoDateTime -Date (Get-Date))
+    }
+
+    return [PSCustomObject]$row
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Additional FOCUS Dataset Generators
+# ============================================================================
+# These functions generate data for the non-Cost FOCUS datasets that the
+# FinOps Hub ingestion pipeline expects:
+#   - Prices (Azure EA/MCA price sheet)
+#   - CommitmentDiscountUsage (Azure reservation details)
+#   - Recommendations (Azure reservation recommendations)
+#   - Transactions (Azure reservation transactions)
+#
+# These datasets are Azure-only (Cost Management exports). They use the same
+# persistent identity pool so that reservation IDs, subscription IDs, and
+# meter IDs are consistent with the Cost/Usage data.
+# ============================================================================
+
+function New-PriceRow
+{
+    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions', '')]
+    param(
+        [hashtable]$Config,
+        [hashtable]$Identity,
+        [hashtable]$ServiceDef,
+        [hashtable]$ResourceDef,
+        [string]$PriceType,
+        [string]$Term
+    )
+
+    $billingAccount = (Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.BillingAccounts)
+    $region = $ResourceDef.Region
+
+    # Realistic unit and market prices
+    $unitPrice = Get-RandomDecimal -Min ([decimal]$ServiceDef.CostMin / 100) -Max ([decimal]$ServiceDef.CostMax / 10)
+    $marketPrice = [math]::Round($unitPrice * (Get-RandomDecimal -Min 1.0 -Max 1.3), 6)
+    $basePrice = [math]::Round($marketPrice * (Get-RandomDecimal -Min 0.9 -Max 1.0), 6)
+
+    # SKU IDs
+    $meterId = $ResourceDef.SkuMeterId
+    $productId = "DZH318Z0$((Get-Random -Minimum 1000 -Maximum 9999))"
+    $skuId = $ResourceDef.SkuId
+
+    # Meter details from service
+    $meterCategory = if ($ResourceDef.VmSku) { "Virtual Machines" } else { $ServiceDef.Name }
+    $meterSubCategory = if ($ResourceDef.VmSku) { "$($ResourceDef.VmSku.InstanceType) Series" } else { $ServiceDef.Subcategory }
+    $meterName = if ($ResourceDef.VmSku) { $ResourceDef.VmSku.MeterName } else { "$($ServiceDef.Name) - Standard" }
+    $meterRegion = $region.Name
+    $meterType = if ($PriceType -eq 'Consumption') { 'Consumption' } elseif ($PriceType -eq 'ReservedInstance') { 'Reservation' } else { 'SavingsPlan' }
+
+    $effectiveStart = [datetime]::new($StartDate.Year, $StartDate.Month, 1)
+    $effectiveEnd = $effectiveStart.AddYears(1)
+
+    $row = [ordered]@{
+        BasePrice          = [double]$basePrice
+        BillingAccountId   = $billingAccount.Id
+        BillingAccountName = $billingAccount.Name
+        BillingCurrency    = $Config.BillingCurrency
+        BillingProfileId   = (Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.BillingProfileIds)
+        BillingProfileName = "Billing Profile 1"
+        Currency           = $Config.BillingCurrency
+        CurrencyCode       = $Config.BillingCurrency
+        EffectiveEndDate   = $effectiveEnd.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        EffectiveStartDate = $effectiveStart.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        EnrollmentNumber   = $billingAccount.Id
+        IncludedQuantity   = [double]0
+        MarketPrice        = [double]$marketPrice
+        MeterCategory      = $meterCategory
+        MeterId            = $meterId
+        MeterName          = $meterName
+        MeterRegion        = $meterRegion
+        MeterSubCategory   = $meterSubCategory
+        MeterType          = $meterType
+        OfferID            = "MS-AZR-0017P"
+        PartNumber         = "PT-$(Get-Random -Minimum 10000 -Maximum 99999)"
+        PriceType          = $PriceType
+        Product            = "$meterCategory - $meterName"
+        ProductId          = $productId
+        ServiceFamily      = $ServiceDef.Category
+        SkuId              = $skuId
+        Term               = $Term
+        TierMinimumUnits   = [double]0
+        UnitOfMeasure      = $ServiceDef.PricingUnitDescription
+        UnitPrice          = [double]$unitPrice
+        x_SourceName       = "test-data-generator"
+        x_SourceProvider   = "Microsoft"
+        x_SourceType       = "PriceSheet"
+        x_SourceVersion    = "2023-05-01"
+    }
+
+    return [PSCustomObject]$row
+}
+
+function New-CommitmentDiscountUsageRow
+{
+    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions', '')]
+    param(
+        [hashtable]$Commitment,
+        [datetime]$UsageDate,
+        [hashtable]$ResourceDef
+    )
+
+    # Split commitment ID to extract order and reservation IDs
+    # Azure format: /providers/Microsoft.Capacity/reservationOrders/{orderId}
+    $orderId = $Commitment.SkuOrderId
+    $reservationId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
+
+    # Hours in a day = 24; simulate utilization 70-100%
+    $reservedHours = [double]24
+    $utilizationPct = (Get-Random -Minimum 70 -Maximum 101) / 100.0
+    $usedHours = [math]::Round($reservedHours * $utilizationPct, 2)
+
+    # Instance flexibility
+    $flexGroup = if ($ResourceDef.VmSku) { "$($ResourceDef.VmSku.InstanceType) Series" } else { "Standard" }
+    $flexRatio = Get-RandomElement -Array @([double]1.0, [double]0.5, [double]2.0, [double]4.0)
+
+    # SkuName from resource
+    $skuName = if ($ResourceDef.VmSku) { $ResourceDef.VmSku.InstanceType } else { "Standard_D4s_v5" }
+
+    $row = [ordered]@{
+        InstanceFlexibilityGroup = $flexGroup
+        InstanceFlexibilityRatio = $flexRatio
+        InstanceId               = $ResourceDef.ResourceId
+        Kind                     = "reservation"
+        ReservationId            = $reservationId
+        ReservationOrderId       = $orderId
+        ReservedHours            = $reservedHours
+        SkuName                  = $skuName
+        TotalReservedQuantity    = $reservedHours
+        UsageDate                = $UsageDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        UsedHours                = $usedHours
+        x_SourceName             = "test-data-generator"
+        x_SourceProvider         = "Microsoft"
+        x_SourceType             = "ReservationDetails"
+        x_SourceVersion          = "2024-03-01"
+    }
+
+    return [PSCustomObject]$row
+}
+
+function New-RecommendationRow
+{
+    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions', '')]
+    param(
+        [hashtable]$ResourceDef,
+        [datetime]$RecommendationDate
+    )
+
+    $subAccount = $ResourceDef.SubAccount
+    $region = $ResourceDef.Region
+
+    # Lookback period
+    $lookBackPeriod = Get-RandomElement -Array @("Last7Days", "Last30Days", "Last60Days")
+    $lookBackDays = switch ($lookBackPeriod) { "Last7Days" { 7 } "Last30Days" { 30 } "Last60Days" { 60 } }
+    $firstUsageDate = $RecommendationDate.AddDays(-$lookBackDays)
+
+    # Cost projections
+    $costWithoutRI = Get-RandomDecimal -Min 500 -Max 50000
+    $netSavings = [math]::Round($costWithoutRI * (Get-Random -Minimum 15 -Maximum 45) / 100.0, 2)
+    $totalCostWithRI = [math]::Round($costWithoutRI - $netSavings, 2)
+
+    # Recommended quantities
+    $recommendedQty = [double](Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 20)
+    $recommendedQtyNormalized = [math]::Round($recommendedQty * (Get-RandomElement -Array @([double]1, [double]2, [double]4, [double]8)), 2)
+
+    # Flexibility
+    $flexGroup = if ($ResourceDef.VmSku) { "$($ResourceDef.VmSku.InstanceType) Series" } else { "Standard" }
+    $flexRatio = Get-RandomElement -Array @([double]1.0, [double]0.5, [double]2.0, [double]4.0)
+    $normalizedSize = if ($ResourceDef.VmSku) { $ResourceDef.VmSku.InstanceType } else { "Standard_D4s_v5" }
+    $skuName = $normalizedSize
+    $term = Get-RandomElement -Array @("P1Y", "P3Y")
+    $scope = Get-RandomElement -Array @("Shared", "Single")
+
+    $effectiveCostBefore = $costWithoutRI
+    $effectiveCostAfter = $totalCostWithRI
+    $effectiveCostSavings = $netSavings
+
+    # x_RecommendationDetails as JSON string (ADX will parse it as dynamic)
+    $recoDetails = @{
+        CommitmentDiscountNormalizedGroup = $flexGroup
+        CommitmentDiscountNormalizedRatio = $flexRatio
+        CommitmentDiscountNormalizedSize  = $normalizedSize
+        CommitmentDiscountResourceType    = $ResourceDef.ResourceType
+        CommitmentDiscountScope           = $scope
+        LookbackPeriodDuration            = $lookBackPeriod
+        LookbackPeriodStart               = $firstUsageDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        RecommendedQuantity               = $recommendedQty
+        RecommendedQuantityNormalized     = $recommendedQtyNormalized
+        RegionId                          = $region.Id
+        RegionName                        = $region.Name
+        SkuMeterId                        = $ResourceDef.SkuMeterId
+        SkuSize                           = $normalizedSize
+        SkuTerm                           = $term
+    } | ConvertTo-Json -Compress
+
+    $row = [ordered]@{
+        CostWithNoReservedInstances        = [double]$costWithoutRI
+        CostWithNoReservedInstancesJson    = ''
+        FirstUsageDate                     = $firstUsageDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        InstanceFlexibilityGroup           = $flexGroup
+        InstanceFlexibilityRatio           = $flexRatio
+        Location                           = $region.Name
+        LookBackPeriod                     = $lookBackPeriod
+        MeterId                            = $ResourceDef.SkuMeterId
+        NetSavings                         = [double]$netSavings
+        NetSavingsJson                     = ''
+        NormalizedSize                     = $normalizedSize
+        ProviderName                       = "Microsoft"
+        RecommendedQuantity                = $recommendedQty
+        RecommendedQuantityNormalized      = $recommendedQtyNormalized
+        ResourceId                         = $ResourceDef.ResourceId
+        ResourceName                       = $ResourceDef.ResourceName
+        ResourceType                       = $ResourceDef.ResourceType
+        Scope                              = $scope
+        SKU                                = $skuName
+        SkuName                            = $skuName
+        SkuProperties                      = ''
+        SubAccountId                       = $subAccount.Id
+        SubAccountName                     = $subAccount.Name
+        SubscriptionId                     = ($subAccount.Id -replace '^/subscriptions/', '')
+        Term                               = $term
+        TotalCostWithReservedInstances      = [double]$totalCostWithRI
+        TotalCostWithReservedInstancesJson = ''
+        x_EffectiveCostAfter               = [double]$effectiveCostAfter
+        x_EffectiveCostBefore              = [double]$effectiveCostBefore
+        x_EffectiveCostSavings             = [double]$effectiveCostSavings
+        x_RecommendationCategory           = "Reservation"
+        x_RecommendationDate               = $RecommendationDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        x_RecommendationDescription        = "Purchase $([int]$recommendedQty) $normalizedSize reservation ($term) in $($region.Name) to save `$$([string]::Format('{0:N2}', $netSavings))"
+        x_RecommendationDetails            = $recoDetails
+        x_RecommendationId                 = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
+        x_ResourceGroupName                = $ResourceDef.ResourceGroup
+        x_SourceName                       = "test-data-generator"
+        x_SourceProvider                   = "Microsoft"
+        x_SourceType                       = "ReservationRecommendations"
+        x_SourceVersion                    = "2023-05-01"
+    }
+
+    return [PSCustomObject]$row
+}
+
+function New-TransactionRow
+{
+    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions', '')]
+    param(
+        [hashtable]$Identity,
+        [hashtable]$Commitment,
+        [datetime]$EventDate
+    )
+
+    $subAccount = Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.SubAccounts
+    $billingAccount = $subAccount.BillingAccount
+    $region = Get-RandomElement -Array @("swedencentral", "eastus", "westeurope", "westus2", "italynorth")
+
+    # Event type distribution: 70% Purchase, 15% Refund, 15% Cancel
+    $eventRoll = Get-Random -Maximum 100
+    $eventType = if ($eventRoll -lt 70) { "Purchase" } elseif ($eventRoll -lt 85) { "Refund" } else { "Cancel" }
+
+    # Amount: purchases are positive, refunds/cancels are negative
+    $amount = Get-RandomDecimal -Min 500 -Max 50000
+    if ($eventType -in @("Refund", "Cancel"))
+    {
+        $amount = -[math]::Abs($amount)
+    }
+
+    $billingFrequency = Get-RandomElement -Array @("OneTime", "Recurring")
+    $billingMonth = [datetime]::new($EventDate.Year, $EventDate.Month, 1)
+    $term = Get-RandomElement -Array @("P1Y", "P3Y")
+    $quantity = [double](Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 10)
+
+    # SKU name from commitment type
+    $armSkuName = Get-RandomElement -Array @("Standard_D4s_v5", "Standard_D8s_v5", "Standard_E4s_v5", "Standard_D4as_v5", "Standard_E16s_v5")
+
+    $orderId = $Commitment.SkuOrderId
+    $orderName = $Commitment.Name
+
+    # Invoice info
+    $invoiceKey = "$($billingAccount.Id)-$($billingMonth.ToString('yyyyMM'))"
+    if (-not $Identity.InvoiceIds.ContainsKey($invoiceKey))
+    {
+        $Identity.InvoiceIds[$invoiceKey] = "INV-$($billingMonth.ToString('yyyyMM'))-$(Get-Random -Minimum 10000 -Maximum 99999)"
+    }
+    $invoiceId = $Identity.InvoiceIds[$invoiceKey]
+
+    $row = [ordered]@{
+        AccountName                = $billingAccount.Name
+        AccountOwnerEmail          = "owner@contoso.com"
+        Amount                     = [double]$amount
+        ArmSkuName                 = $armSkuName
+        BillingFrequency           = $billingFrequency
+        BillingMonth               = $billingMonth.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        BillingProfileId           = (Get-RandomElement -Array $Identity.BillingProfileIds)
+        BillingProfileName         = "Billing Profile 1"
+        CostCenter                 = "CC-$(Get-Random -Minimum 100 -Maximum 999)"
+        Currency                   = "USD"
+        CurrentEnrollmentId        = $billingAccount.Id
+        DepartmentName             = Get-RandomElement -Array @("Engineering", "Finance", "Operations", "IT")
+        Description                = "$armSkuName $($Commitment.Type) $term in $region"
+        EventDate                  = $EventDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        EventType                  = $eventType
+        Invoice                    = $invoiceId
+        InvoiceId                  = $invoiceId
+        InvoiceSectionId           = "IS-$(Get-Random -Minimum 1000 -Maximum 9999)"
+        InvoiceSectionName         = "Default Invoice Section"
+        MonetaryCommitment         = [double]0
+        Overage                    = [double]0
+        PurchasingEnrollment       = $billingAccount.Id
+        PurchasingSubscriptionGuid = ($subAccount.Id -replace '^/subscriptions/', '')
+        PurchasingSubscriptionName = $subAccount.Name
+        Quantity                   = $quantity
+        Region                     = $region
+        ReservationOrderId         = $orderId
+        ReservationOrderName       = $orderName
+        Term                       = $term
+        x_SourceName               = "test-data-generator"
+        x_SourceProvider           = "Microsoft"
+        x_SourceType               = "ReservationTransactions"
+        x_SourceVersion            = "2023-05-01"
+    }
+
+    return [PSCustomObject]$row
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# ADX Update Policy Verification
+# ============================================================================
+# Ensures all required update policies exist on the final tables in the
+# Ingestion database. These policies are the critical link that transforms
+# raw ingested data (e.g., Costs_raw) into the final tables (e.g.,
+# Costs_final_v1_2) that the Hub database queries.
+#
+# If a policy is missing, data will land in the raw table but never appear
+# in dashboard queries. This function checks each policy and re-applies
+# any that are missing or empty.
+# ============================================================================
+
+function Invoke-EnsureUpdatePolicy
+{
+    [CmdletBinding()]
+    param(
+        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
+        [string]$AdxClusterUri,
+
+        [switch]$Backfill
+    )
+
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "Verifying ADX Update Policies..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+    # Get ADX token
+    $adxToken = $null
+    try
+    {
+        $adxToken = (az account get-access-token --resource $AdxClusterUri --query accessToken -o tsv 2>$null)
+    }
+    catch
+    {
+        Write-Warning "Could not get ADX access token. Skipping update policy verification."
+        return
+    }
+
+    if (-not $adxToken)
+    {
+        Write-Warning "No ADX token available. Skipping update policy verification."
+        return
+    }
+
+    $adxHeaders = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $adxToken"; "Content-Type" = "application/json" }
+
+    # Define all required update policies: FinalTable -> SourceTable -> TransformFunction
+    $requiredPolicies = @(
+        @{ FinalTable = "Costs_final_v1_2"; SourceTable = "Costs_raw"; TransformFunction = "Costs_transform_v1_2()" }
+        @{ FinalTable = "Prices_final_v1_2"; SourceTable = "Prices_raw"; TransformFunction = "Prices_transform_v1_2()" }
+        @{ FinalTable = "CommitmentDiscountUsage_final_v1_2"; SourceTable = "CommitmentDiscountUsage_raw"; TransformFunction = "CommitmentDiscountUsage_transform_v1_2()" }
+        @{ FinalTable = "Recommendations_final_v1_2"; SourceTable = "Recommendations_raw"; TransformFunction = "Recommendations_transform_v1_2()" }
+        @{ FinalTable = "Transactions_final_v1_2"; SourceTable = "Transactions_raw"; TransformFunction = "Transactions_transform_v1_2()" }
+    )
+
+    $policiesFixed = 0
+    $policiesOk = 0
+    $backfillCount = 0
+
+    foreach ($policy in $requiredPolicies)
+    {
+        $finalTable = $policy.FinalTable
+        $sourceTable = $policy.SourceTable
+        $transformFn = $policy.TransformFunction
+
+        # Check current update policy
+        $showBody = @{ db = "Ingestion"; csl = ".show table ['$finalTable'] policy update" } | ConvertTo-Json
+        $policyExists = $false
+
+        try
+        {
+            $showResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "$AdxClusterUri/v1/rest/mgmt" -Method Post -Headers $adxHeaders -Body $showBody -ErrorAction Stop
+            if ($showResult.Tables -and $showResult.Tables[0].Rows)
+            {
+                # The policy column contains the JSON array — check if it has entries
+                foreach ($row in $showResult.Tables[0].Rows)
+                {
+                    $policyJson = if ($row -is [array]) { $row[1] } else { $row }
+                    if ($policyJson -and $policyJson -ne "[]" -and $policyJson -ne "null" -and $policyJson.Length -gt 5)
+                    {
+                        $policyExists = $true
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            Write-Host "  ⚠ Could not check policy for $finalTable (table may not exist yet)" -ForegroundColor Gray
+            continue
+        }
+
+        if ($policyExists)
+        {
+            Write-Host "  ✓ $finalTable — update policy OK" -ForegroundColor DarkGreen
+            $policiesOk++
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Write-Host "  ✗ $finalTable — update policy MISSING, re-applying..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+            $policyDef = "[{""IsEnabled"":true, ""Source"":""$sourceTable"", ""Query"":""$transformFn"", ""IsTransactional"":true, ""PropagateIngestionProperties"":true}]"
+            $alterCsl = ".alter table ['$finalTable'] policy update @'$policyDef'"
+            $alterBody = @{ db = "Ingestion"; csl = $alterCsl } | ConvertTo-Json
+
+            try
+            {
+                Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "$AdxClusterUri/v1/rest/mgmt" -Method Post -Headers $adxHeaders -Body $alterBody -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
+                Write-Host "    ✓ Policy applied: $sourceTable → $transformFn → $finalTable" -ForegroundColor Green
+                $policiesFixed++
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                Write-Host "    ✗ Failed to apply policy for $finalTable — $($_.Exception.Message)" -ForegroundColor Red
+            }
+        }
+
+        # Backfill check: if raw has data but final is empty, run the transform
+        if ($Backfill)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                $rawCountBody = @{ db = "Ingestion"; csl = "['$sourceTable'] | count" } | ConvertTo-Json
+                $rawResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "$AdxClusterUri/v1/rest/query" -Method Post -Headers $adxHeaders -Body $rawCountBody -ErrorAction Stop
+                $rawCount = 0
+                if ($rawResult.Tables -and $rawResult.Tables[0].Rows)
+                {
+                    $rawCount = [long]($rawResult.Tables[0].Rows[0] | Select-Object -First 1)
+                }
+
+                $finalCountBody = @{ db = "Ingestion"; csl = "['$finalTable'] | count" } | ConvertTo-Json
+                $finalResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "$AdxClusterUri/v1/rest/query" -Method Post -Headers $adxHeaders -Body $finalCountBody -ErrorAction Stop
+                $finalCount = 0
+                if ($finalResult.Tables -and $finalResult.Tables[0].Rows)
+                {
+                    $finalCount = [long]($finalResult.Tables[0].Rows[0] | Select-Object -First 1)
+                }
+
+                if ($rawCount -gt 0 -and $finalCount -eq 0)
+                {
+                    Write-Host "    ⚠ Backfill needed: $sourceTable has $rawCount rows but $finalTable has $finalCount" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+                    Write-Host "    Running backfill: .set-or-append $finalTable <| $transformFn ..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+                    $backfillCsl = ".set-or-append ['$finalTable'] <| $transformFn"
+                    $backfillBody = @{ db = "Ingestion"; csl = $backfillCsl } | ConvertTo-Json
+                    Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "$AdxClusterUri/v1/rest/mgmt" -Method Post -Headers $adxHeaders -Body $backfillBody -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
+                    Write-Host "    ✓ Backfill complete for $finalTable" -ForegroundColor Green
+                    $backfillCount++
+                }
+                elseif ($rawCount -gt 0)
+                {
+                    Write-Host "    ℹ $sourceTable=$rawCount, $finalTable=$finalCount — no backfill needed" -ForegroundColor Gray
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                Write-Host "    ⚠ Backfill check failed for $finalTable — $($_.Exception.Message)" -ForegroundColor Gray
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    # Summary
+    Write-Host ""
+    if ($policiesFixed -gt 0 -or $backfillCount -gt 0)
+    {
+        Write-Host "  Update Policy Summary: $policiesOk OK, $policiesFixed fixed" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+        if ($backfillCount -gt 0) { Write-Host "  Backfill Summary: $backfillCount tables backfilled" -ForegroundColor Yellow }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Write-Host "  ✓ All $policiesOk update policies verified" -ForegroundColor Green
+    }
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Test Data Cleanup (NukeTestData)
+# ============================================================================
+# Purges ALL test data from the ADX cluster, storage containers, and local
+# test-data folder so you can re-run the generator with a clean slate. Steps:
+#   1. Stop ADF triggers (optional, prevents re-ingestion during cleanup)
+#   2. Purge all ADX tables in the Hub and Ingestion databases (via REST API)
+#   3. Delete all blobs from the msexports and ingestion storage containers
+#   4. Delete local test-data folder
+#
+# Usage:
+#   Invoke-NukeTestData -AdxClusterUri "https://finopsdemoadx4uj6pm.italynorth.kusto.windows.net" `
+#                       -StorageAccountName "stfinopsdemo4uj6pmwee34z" `
+#                       -AdfName "adf-finopsdemo-4uj6pm" `
+#                       -ResourceGroupName "rg-finopshub-demo"
+# ============================================================================
+
+function Invoke-NukeTestData
+{
+    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
+    param(
+        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
+        [string]$AdxClusterUri,
+
+        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
+        [string]$StorageAccountName,
+
+        [string]$AdfName,
+
+        [string]$ResourceGroupName,
+
+        [ValidateSet("login", "key")]
+        [string]$StorageAuthMode = "login",
+
+        [switch]$StopTriggers,
+
+        [switch]$Force
+    )
+
+    $ErrorActionPreference = 'Continue'
+
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host "  ☢️  NUKE TEST DATA — Full Environment Cleanup" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "  ADX Cluster:      $AdxClusterUri" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Write-Host "  Storage Account:  $StorageAccountName" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    if ($AdfName) { Write-Host "  ADF Factory:      $AdfName" -ForegroundColor Yellow }
+    Write-Host ""
+
+    if (-not $Force -and -not $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("ALL demo data", "Permanently delete"))
+    {
+        Write-Host "Aborted." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+        return
+    }
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Step 1: Stop ADF Triggers (prevents re-ingestion during cleanup)
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    if ($StopTriggers -and $AdfName -and $ResourceGroupName)
+    {
+        Write-Host "[1/3] Stopping ADF triggers..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+        $triggers = $AdfTriggerNames
+        foreach ($trigger in $triggers)
+        {
+            $state = (az datafactory trigger show --factory-name $AdfName --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $trigger --query "properties.runtimeState" -o tsv 2>$null)
+            if ($state -eq "Started")
+            {
+                Write-Host "  Stopping $trigger..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+                az datafactory trigger stop --factory-name $AdfName --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $trigger --only-show-errors 2>$null
+                Write-Host "  ✓ $trigger stopped" -ForegroundColor Green
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Write-Host "  $trigger already stopped (state=$state)" -ForegroundColor Gray
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Write-Host "[1/3] Skipping ADF trigger stop (no -StopTriggers or missing -AdfName/-ResourceGroupName)" -ForegroundColor Gray
+    }
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Step 2: Purge all ADX tables in Hub and Ingestion databases
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "[2/4] Purging ADX tables..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+    # Use REST API directly — more reliable than az kusto query
+    $adxToken = $null
+    try
+    {
+        $adxToken = (az account get-access-token --resource $AdxClusterUri --query accessToken -o tsv 2>$null)
+    }
+    catch
+    {
+        Write-Warning "Could not get ADX access token. ADX tables will not be purged."
+    }
+
+    if ($adxToken)
+    {
+        $adxHeaders = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $adxToken"; "Content-Type" = "application/json" }
+
+        $databases = @("Ingestion", "Hub")
+        foreach ($db in $databases)
+        {
+            Write-Host "  Database: $db" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+            # List all tables via REST API
+            $listBody = @{ db = $db; csl = ".show tables | project TableName" } | ConvertTo-Json
+            $tableNames = @()
+            try
+            {
+                $listResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "$AdxClusterUri/v1/rest/mgmt" -Method Post -Headers $adxHeaders -Body $listBody -ErrorAction Stop
+                if ($listResult.Tables -and $listResult.Tables[0].Rows)
+                {
+                    foreach ($row in $listResult.Tables[0].Rows)
+                    {
+                        $name = if ($row -is [array]) { $row[0] } else { $row }
+                        if ($name -and $name -notlike '.*') { $tableNames += $name }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                Write-Host "  Could not list tables in $db, trying known table names..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+                $tableNames = if ($db -eq "Ingestion")
+                {
+                    @(
+                        "Costs_raw", "Prices_raw", "Recommendations_raw", "Transactions_raw",
+                        "CommitmentDiscountUsage_raw", "ActualCosts_raw", "AmortizedCosts_raw",
+                        "MACC_Lots_raw", "MACC_Events_raw"
+                    )
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    @(
+                        "Costs_final_v1_0", "Costs_final_v1_2", "Costs_final_v1_3",
+                        "Prices_final_v1_2", "Recommendations_final_v1_2",
+                        "Transactions_final_v1_2", "CommitmentDiscountUsage_final_v1_2",
+                        "MACC_ManualEntry"
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach ($tableName in $tableNames)
+            {
+                Write-Host "    Clearing $tableName..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+                $clearBody = @{ db = $db; csl = ".clear table ['$tableName'] data" } | ConvertTo-Json
+                try
+                {
+                    Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "$AdxClusterUri/v1/rest/mgmt" -Method Post -Headers $adxHeaders -Body $clearBody -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
+                    Write-Host "    ✓ $tableName cleared" -ForegroundColor DarkGreen
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    Write-Host "    ⚠ $tableName skipped (may not exist)" -ForegroundColor Gray
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Step 2b: Verify update policies are still intact after clearing
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    if ($adxToken)
+    {
+        Write-Host ""
+        Write-Host "[2b/4] Verifying update policies..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+        Invoke-EnsureUpdatePolicy -AdxClusterUri $AdxClusterUri
+    }
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Step 3: Delete all blobs from storage containers
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "[3/4] Purging storage containers..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+    $containers = @("msexports", "ingestion")
+    $authArgs = if ($StorageAuthMode -eq "login") { @("--auth-mode", "login") } else { @() }
+
+    foreach ($container in $containers)
+    {
+        Write-Host "  Container: $container" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+        Write-Host "    Deleting all blobs..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+        az storage blob delete-batch --account-name $StorageAccountName @authArgs --source $container --only-show-errors 2>$null
+        Write-Host "    ✓ $container purged" -ForegroundColor Green
+    }
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Step 4: Delete local test-data folder
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "[4/4] Cleaning local test-data..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+    $localTestDataPath = Join-Path (Split-Path $PSScriptRoot -Parent) "test-data"
+    if (Test-Path $localTestDataPath)
+    {
+        Remove-Item -Recurse -Force $localTestDataPath
+        Write-Host "  ✓ Deleted $localTestDataPath" -ForegroundColor Green
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Write-Host "  No local test-data folder found" -ForegroundColor Gray
+    }
+
+    # Also check OutputPath if different
+    $cwdOutputPath = Join-Path (Get-Location) "test-data"
+    if ((Test-Path $cwdOutputPath) -and ($cwdOutputPath -ne $localTestDataPath))
+    {
+        Remove-Item -Recurse -Force $cwdOutputPath
+        Write-Host "  ✓ Deleted $cwdOutputPath" -ForegroundColor Green
+    }
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Done
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host "  ✅ All test data nuked successfully!" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "Next steps:" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Write-Host "  Re-generate and upload in one command:" -ForegroundColor White
+    Write-Host "  .\Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -TotalRowTarget 300000 -Upload ``" -ForegroundColor Gray
+    Write-Host "      -StorageAccountName $StorageAccountName ``" -ForegroundColor Gray
+    Write-Host "      -AdfName <adf-name> -ResourceGroupName <rg-name> -StartTriggers" -ForegroundColor Gray
+    Write-Host ""
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Main Execution
+# ============================================================================
+
+# Handle NukeTestData mode — clean everything and exit
+if ($NukeTestData)
+{
+    if (-not $AdxClusterUri)
+    {
+        Write-Error "-NukeTestData requires -AdxClusterUri (e.g., https://finopsdemoadx4uj6pm.italynorth.kusto.windows.net)"
+        exit 1
+    }
+    if (-not $StorageAccountName)
+    {
+        Write-Error "-NukeTestData requires -StorageAccountName"
+        exit 1
+    }
+
+    Invoke-NukeTestData -AdxClusterUri $AdxClusterUri `
+        -StorageAccountName $StorageAccountName `
+        -AdfName $AdfName `
+        -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName `
+        -StopTriggers:$StartTriggers `
+        -Force:$true
+
+    exit 0
+}
+
+Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host "FinOps Hub Multi-Cloud FOCUS Test Data Generator v4.0" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host ""
+
+# Determine providers and row distribution
+$providers = if ($CloudProvider -eq "All")
+{
+    @("Azure", "AWS", "GCP", "DataCenter")
+}
+else
+{
+    @($CloudProvider)
+}
+
+# Row distribution: ~60% Azure, ~20% AWS, ~15% GCP, ~5% DataCenter
+$providerWeights = @{
+    "Azure"      = 0.60
+    "AWS"        = 0.20
+    "GCP"        = 0.15
+    "DataCenter" = 0.05
+}
+
+# If single provider, 100% goes to it
+if ($providers.Count -eq 1)
+{
+    $providerWeights = @{ $providers[0] = 1.0 }
+}
+
+# Calculate total days
+$totalDays = [math]::Max(1, (New-TimeSpan -Start $StartDate -End $EndDate).Days + 1)
+
+Write-Host "Configuration:" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+Write-Host "  Cloud Provider(s): $($providers -join ', ')"
+Write-Host "  FOCUS Version: $FocusVersion"
+Write-Host "  Date Range: $($StartDate.ToString('yyyy-MM-dd')) to $($EndDate.ToString('yyyy-MM-dd')) ($totalDays days)"
+Write-Host "  Total Row Target: $([string]::Format('{0:N0}', $TotalRowTarget))"
+Write-Host "  Total Budget: `$$([string]::Format('{0:N0}', $TotalBudget)) USD"
+Write-Host "  Output Format: $OutputFormat"
+Write-Host "  Output Path: $OutputPath"
+if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Seed')) { Write-Host "  Random Seed: $Seed" }
+Write-Host ""
+
+# Resolve OutputPath to absolute — Export-Parquet (a .NET cmdlet) uses
+# [IO.Directory]::GetCurrentDirectory() which may differ from PowerShell's $PWD.
+# Converting to absolute here avoids "Could not find a part of the path" errors.
+$OutputPath = $ExecutionContext.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath($OutputPath)
+
+# Create output directory
+if (-not (Test-Path $OutputPath))
+{
+    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($OutputPath, 'Create output directory'))
+    {
+        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $OutputPath -Force | Out-Null
+        Write-Host "Created output directory: $OutputPath" -ForegroundColor Green
+    }
+}
+
+# === BUDGET SCALE FACTOR ===
+# Estimate average cost per row from config, then compute scale factor to hit target budget.
+# This eliminates the Python post-processing step - costs are scaled inline during generation.
+$estimatedTotalCost = [double]0
+foreach ($provider in $providers)
+{
+    $weight = if ($providerWeights.ContainsKey($provider)) { $providerWeights[$provider] } else { 1.0 / $providers.Count }
+    $providerRows = [int]($TotalRowTarget * $weight)
+    $config = $ProviderConfigs[$provider]
+    # Weighted average cost from service definitions
+    $totalServiceWeight = ($config.Services | ForEach-Object { if ($_.Weight) { $_.Weight } else { 1 } } | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum
+    $weightedAvg = [double]0
+    foreach ($svc in $config.Services)
+    {
+        $svcWeight = if ($svc.Weight) { $svc.Weight } else { 1 }
+        $svcAvg = ($svc.CostMin + $svc.CostMax) / 2
+        $weightedAvg += ($svcAvg * $svcWeight / $totalServiceWeight)
+    }
+    $estimatedTotalCost += $providerRows * $weightedAvg
+}
+$budgetScaleFactor = if ($estimatedTotalCost -gt 0) { [double]$TotalBudget / $estimatedTotalCost } else { 1.0 }
+
+# Pre-generate identities for each provider
+Write-Host "Pre-generating persistent identities..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+$providerIdentities = @{}
+foreach ($provider in $providers)
+{
+    $providerIdentities[$provider] = New-ProviderIdentity -Provider $provider -Config $ProviderConfigs[$provider]
+    $resCount = $providerIdentities[$provider].Resources.Count
+    $saCount = $providerIdentities[$provider].SubAccounts.Count
+    $baCount = $providerIdentities[$provider].BillingAccounts.Count
+    $cdCount = $providerIdentities[$provider].Commitments.Count
+    Write-Host "  $provider : $resCount resources, $saCount sub-accounts, $baCount billing accounts, $cdCount commitments" -ForegroundColor Gray
+}
+Write-Host ""
+
+$totalRows = 0
+$allProviderCosts = @{}
+$allProviderRowCounts = @{}
+$generatedFiles = @()
+
+# Generate rows for each provider - streaming to CSV to avoid OOM
+foreach ($provider in $providers)
+{
+    $weight = if ($providerWeights.ContainsKey($provider)) { $providerWeights[$provider] } else { 1.0 / $providers.Count }
+    $providerTotalRows = [math]::Max(1, [int]($TotalRowTarget * $weight))
+    $dailyRowCount = [math]::Max(1, [int]($providerTotalRows / $totalDays))
+
+    Write-Host "Generating $provider data ($([string]::Format('{0:N0}', $providerTotalRows)) rows, ~$dailyRowCount/day)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+    $config = $ProviderConfigs[$provider]
+    $identity = $providerIdentities[$provider]
+    $baseFileName = "focus-$($provider.ToLower())-$($StartDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))-$($EndDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))"
+    $fileExt = if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet') { 'parquet' } else { 'csv' }
+    $dataFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath "$baseFileName.$fileExt"
+    $providerCostSum = [double]0
+    $headerWritten = $false
+
+    # Always stream daily batches to CSV on disk (never OOMs).
+    # If Parquet is requested, convert the CSV to Parquet at the end.
+    $csvTempPath = if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet')
+    {
+        [IO.Path]::ChangeExtension($dataFilePath, '.csv')
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $dataFilePath
+    }
+
+    $currentDate = $StartDate
+    $rowsGenerated = 0
+    $lastPct = -1
+
+    while ($currentDate -le $EndDate -and $rowsGenerated -lt $providerTotalRows)
+    {
+        # Vary daily count slightly (+/- 10%) for realism
+        $variance = [int]($dailyRowCount * 0.1)
+        if ($variance -lt 1) { $variance = 1 }
+        $todayCount = [math]::Max(1, $dailyRowCount + (Get-Random -Minimum (-$variance) -Maximum ($variance + 1)))
+
+        # Don't exceed target
+        if ($rowsGenerated + $todayCount -gt $providerTotalRows)
+        {
+            $todayCount = $providerTotalRows - $rowsGenerated
+        }
+
+        # Generate one day's rows in a small batch
+        $dayRows = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new($todayCount)
+        for ($i = 0; $i -lt $todayCount; $i++)
+        {
+            $row = New-FocusRow -Provider $provider -ChargeDate $currentDate -Config $config -Identity $identity -ScaleFactor $budgetScaleFactor -FocusVer $focusMajorMinor -IncludeCommitments -IncludeHybridBenefit
+            $providerCostSum += $row.EffectiveCost
+            $dayRows.Add($row)
+        }
+
+        # Append daily batch to CSV (stream to disk, free memory)
+        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($csvTempPath, "Write $todayCount rows"))
+        {
+            if (-not $headerWritten)
+            {
+                $dayRows | Export-Csv -Path $csvTempPath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8
+                $headerWritten = $true
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                $dayRows | Export-Csv -Path $csvTempPath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8 -Append
+            }
+        }
+        $dayRows.Clear()
+        $dayRows = $null
+
+        $rowsGenerated += $todayCount
+        $currentDate = $currentDate.AddDays(1)
+
+        # Progress indicator every 10%
+        $pct = [math]::Floor($rowsGenerated / $providerTotalRows * 100)
+        if ($pct -ge $lastPct + 10)
+        {
+            $lastPct = $pct
+            Write-Host "  $provider : $pct% ($([string]::Format('{0:N0}', $rowsGenerated)) rows)" -ForegroundColor Gray
+        }
+    }
+
+    # Convert CSV → Parquet if requested (reads from disk, never holds full dataset in memory at once)
+    if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet' -and (Test-Path $csvTempPath))
+    {
+        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($dataFilePath, "Convert $rowsGenerated rows CSV→Parquet"))
+        {
+            Import-Csv -Path $csvTempPath -Encoding UTF8 | Export-Parquet -FilePath $dataFilePath -Force
+            Remove-Item $csvTempPath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+        }
+    }
+
+    Write-Host "  $provider : Generated $([string]::Format('{0:N0}', $rowsGenerated)) rows, `$$([string]::Format('{0:N2}', $providerCostSum))" -ForegroundColor Green
+    $generatedFiles += $dataFilePath
+    $allProviderCosts[$provider] = $providerCostSum
+    $allProviderRowCounts[$provider] = $rowsGenerated
+    $totalRows += $rowsGenerated
+
+    # Generate manifest.json
+    $manifestFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath "manifest-$($provider.ToLower()).json"
+    $fileSize = if (Test-Path $dataFilePath) { (Get-Item $dataFilePath).Length } else { 0 }
+    $manifest = @{
+        exportConfig   = @{
+            exportName  = "focus-$($Provider.ToLower())-export"
+            resourceId  = "/subscriptions/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000/resourceGroups/test-rg"
+            dataVersion = "1.0"
+            apiVersion  = "2023-08-01"
+            type        = "FocusCost"
+            timeFrame   = "Custom"
+            granularity = "Daily"
+        }
+        deliveryConfig = @{
+            partitionData         = $true
+            dataOverwriteBehavior = "OverwritePreviousReport"
+            fileFormat            = $OutputFormat
+            compressionMode       = "None"
+        }
+        blobs          = @(
+            @{
+                blobName  = "$baseFileName.$fileExt"
+                byteCount = $fileSize
+            }
+        )
+        runInfo        = @{
+            executionType = "Scheduled"
+            submittedTime = (Get-Date).ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ")
+            runId         = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
+            startDate     = $StartDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+            endDate       = $EndDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00Z")
+        }
+    } | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5
+
+    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($manifestFilePath, 'Create manifest file'))
+    {
+        $manifest | Out-File -FilePath $manifestFilePath -Encoding UTF8
+        Write-Host "  Saved manifest: $manifestFilePath" -ForegroundColor Gray
+        $generatedFiles += $manifestFilePath
+    }
+
+    # Force GC between providers to reclaim memory
+    [System.GC]::Collect()
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Generate Additional FOCUS Datasets (Azure-only)
+# ============================================================================
+# These datasets are Azure Cost Management-specific exports:
+# - Prices (PriceSheet)
+# - CommitmentDiscountUsage (ReservationDetails)
+# - Recommendations (ReservationRecommendations)
+# - Transactions (ReservationTransactions)
+# ============================================================================
+
+$additionalDatasetFiles = @{}
+
+if ($providers -contains "Azure")
+{
+    $azureConfig = $ProviderConfigs["Azure"]
+    $azureIdentity = $providerIdentities["Azure"]
+
+    # --- Prices Dataset ---
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "Generating Prices dataset (Azure price sheet)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+    $priceRows = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
+    # Generate price rows for each resource in the identity pool × price types
+    $priceTypes = @(
+        @{ Type = "Consumption"; Term = "" },
+        @{ Type = "ReservedInstance"; Term = "P1Y" },
+        @{ Type = "ReservedInstance"; Term = "P3Y" },
+        @{ Type = "SavingsPlan"; Term = "P1Y" },
+        @{ Type = "SavingsPlan"; Term = "P3Y" }
+    )
+
+    # Sample a subset of resources for price rows (one price per resource per type)
+    $priceResourceSample = $azureIdentity.Resources | Get-Random -Count ([math]::Min(100, $azureIdentity.Resources.Count))
+    foreach ($res in $priceResourceSample)
+    {
+        foreach ($pt in $priceTypes)
+        {
+            # Consumption rows for all, RI/SP only for eligible services
+            if ($pt.Type -ne "Consumption" -and $res.Service.Category -notin @("Compute", "Databases"))
+            {
+                continue
+            }
+            $priceRow = New-PriceRow -Config $azureConfig -Identity $azureIdentity -ServiceDef $res.Service -ResourceDef $res -PriceType $pt.Type -Term $pt.Term
+            $priceRows.Add($priceRow)
+        }
+    }
+
+    $priceFileExt = if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet') { 'parquet' } else { 'csv' }
+    $priceFileName = "prices-azure-$($StartDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))-$($EndDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd')).$priceFileExt"
+    $priceFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath $priceFileName
+
+    if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet' -and $priceRows.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        # Handle nulls for PSParquet
+        $numericCols = [System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[string]]::new([string[]]@(
+            'BasePrice', 'IncludedQuantity', 'MarketPrice', 'TierMinimumUnits', 'UnitPrice'
+        ))
+        $propNames = $priceRows[0].PSObject.Properties.Name
+        foreach ($r in $priceRows)
+        {
+            foreach ($pn in $propNames)
+            {
+                if ($null -eq $r.$pn)
+                {
+                    $r.$pn = if ($numericCols.Contains($pn)) { [double]0 } else { '' }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $priceRows.ToArray() | Export-Parquet -FilePath $priceFilePath -Force
+    }
+    elseif ($priceRows.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        $priceRows | Export-Csv -Path $priceFilePath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8
+    }
+
+    Write-Host "  Prices: $($priceRows.Count) rows saved to $priceFileName" -ForegroundColor Green
+    $generatedFiles += $priceFilePath
+    $additionalDatasetFiles["Prices"] = $priceFilePath
+    $priceRows.Clear(); $priceRows = $null
+    [System.GC]::Collect()
+
+    # --- CommitmentDiscountUsage Dataset ---
+    Write-Host "Generating CommitmentDiscountUsage dataset (reservation details)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+    $cduRows = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
+    if ($azureIdentity.Commitments.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        # Only Reservation commitments have usage details
+        $reservationCommitments = $azureIdentity.Commitments | Where-Object { $_.Type -eq "Reservation" }
+        if ($reservationCommitments.Count -gt 0)
+        {
+            # For each day in the date range, generate usage for each reservation
+            $currentDate = $StartDate
+            while ($currentDate -le $EndDate)
+            {
+                foreach ($commitment in $reservationCommitments)
+                {
+                    # Each reservation may cover 1-3 resources per day
+                    $coveredCount = Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 4
+                    $coveredResources = $azureIdentity.Resources | Where-Object { $_.Service.Category -in @("Compute", "Databases") } | Get-Random -Count ([math]::Min($coveredCount, ($azureIdentity.Resources | Where-Object { $_.Service.Category -in @("Compute", "Databases") }).Count))
+                    foreach ($res in $coveredResources)
+                    {
+                        $cduRow = New-CommitmentDiscountUsageRow -Commitment $commitment -UsageDate $currentDate -ResourceDef $res
+                        $cduRows.Add($cduRow)
+                    }
+                }
+                $currentDate = $currentDate.AddDays(1)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    $cduFileExt = if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet') { 'parquet' } else { 'csv' }
+    $cduFileName = "commitmentdiscountusage-azure-$($StartDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))-$($EndDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd')).$cduFileExt"
+    $cduFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath $cduFileName
+
+    if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet' -and $cduRows.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        $numericCols = [System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[string]]::new([string[]]@(
+            'InstanceFlexibilityRatio', 'ReservedHours', 'TotalReservedQuantity', 'UsedHours'
+        ))
+        $propNames = $cduRows[0].PSObject.Properties.Name
+        foreach ($r in $cduRows)
+        {
+            foreach ($pn in $propNames)
+            {
+                if ($null -eq $r.$pn)
+                {
+                    $r.$pn = if ($numericCols.Contains($pn)) { [double]0 } else { '' }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $cduRows.ToArray() | Export-Parquet -FilePath $cduFilePath -Force
+    }
+    elseif ($cduRows.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        $cduRows | Export-Csv -Path $cduFilePath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8
+    }
+
+    Write-Host "  CommitmentDiscountUsage: $($cduRows.Count) rows saved to $cduFileName" -ForegroundColor Green
+    $generatedFiles += $cduFilePath
+    $additionalDatasetFiles["CommitmentDiscountUsage"] = $cduFilePath
+    $cduRows.Clear(); $cduRows = $null
+    [System.GC]::Collect()
+
+    # --- Recommendations Dataset ---
+    Write-Host "Generating Recommendations dataset (reservation recommendations)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+    $recoRows = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
+    # Generate recommendations for compute/database resources eligible for reservations
+    $eligibleResources = $azureIdentity.Resources | Where-Object { $_.Service.Category -in @("Compute", "Databases") }
+    $recoResourceSample = $eligibleResources | Get-Random -Count ([math]::Min(50, $eligibleResources.Count))
+
+    foreach ($res in $recoResourceSample)
+    {
+        # 1-3 recommendations per resource (different lookback/term combos)
+        $recoCount = Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 4
+        for ($i = 0; $i -lt $recoCount; $i++)
+        {
+            $recoDate = $EndDate.AddDays(-(Get-Random -Minimum 0 -Maximum 30))
+            $recoRow = New-RecommendationRow -ResourceDef $res -RecommendationDate $recoDate
+            $recoRows.Add($recoRow)
+        }
+    }
+
+    $recoFileExt = if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet') { 'parquet' } else { 'csv' }
+    $recoFileName = "recommendations-azure-$($StartDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))-$($EndDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd')).$recoFileExt"
+    $recoFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath $recoFileName
+
+    if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet' -and $recoRows.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        $numericCols = [System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[string]]::new([string[]]@(
+            'CostWithNoReservedInstances', 'InstanceFlexibilityRatio', 'NetSavings',
+            'RecommendedQuantity', 'RecommendedQuantityNormalized', 'TotalCostWithReservedInstances',
+            'x_EffectiveCostAfter', 'x_EffectiveCostBefore', 'x_EffectiveCostSavings'
+        ))
+        $propNames = $recoRows[0].PSObject.Properties.Name
+        foreach ($r in $recoRows)
+        {
+            foreach ($pn in $propNames)
+            {
+                if ($null -eq $r.$pn)
+                {
+                    $r.$pn = if ($numericCols.Contains($pn)) { [double]0 } else { '' }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $recoRows.ToArray() | Export-Parquet -FilePath $recoFilePath -Force
+    }
+    elseif ($recoRows.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        $recoRows | Export-Csv -Path $recoFilePath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8
+    }
+
+    Write-Host "  Recommendations: $($recoRows.Count) rows saved to $recoFileName" -ForegroundColor Green
+    $generatedFiles += $recoFilePath
+    $additionalDatasetFiles["Recommendations"] = $recoFilePath
+    $recoRows.Clear(); $recoRows = $null
+    [System.GC]::Collect()
+
+    # --- Transactions Dataset ---
+    Write-Host "Generating Transactions dataset (reservation transactions)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+    $transRows = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
+    if ($azureIdentity.Commitments.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        foreach ($commitment in $azureIdentity.Commitments)
+        {
+            # 1-4 transactions per commitment over the date range
+            $transCount = Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 5
+            for ($i = 0; $i -lt $transCount; $i++)
+            {
+                $eventDate = $StartDate.AddDays((Get-Random -Minimum 0 -Maximum ([math]::Max(1, $totalDays))))
+                if ($eventDate -gt $EndDate) { $eventDate = $EndDate }
+                $transRow = New-TransactionRow -Identity $azureIdentity -Commitment $commitment -EventDate $eventDate
+                $transRows.Add($transRow)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    $transFileExt = if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet') { 'parquet' } else { 'csv' }
+    $transFileName = "transactions-azure-$($StartDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))-$($EndDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd')).$transFileExt"
+    $transFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath $transFileName
+
+    if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet' -and $transRows.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        $numericCols = [System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[string]]::new([string[]]@(
+            'Amount', 'MonetaryCommitment', 'Overage', 'Quantity'
+        ))
+        $propNames = $transRows[0].PSObject.Properties.Name
+        foreach ($r in $transRows)
+        {
+            foreach ($pn in $propNames)
+            {
+                if ($null -eq $r.$pn)
+                {
+                    $r.$pn = if ($numericCols.Contains($pn)) { [double]0 } else { '' }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $transRows.ToArray() | Export-Parquet -FilePath $transFilePath -Force
+    }
+    elseif ($transRows.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        $transRows | Export-Csv -Path $transFilePath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8
+    }
+
+    Write-Host "  Transactions: $($transRows.Count) rows saved to $transFileName" -ForegroundColor Green
+    $generatedFiles += $transFilePath
+    $additionalDatasetFiles["Transactions"] = $transFilePath
+    $transRows.Clear(); $transRows = $null
+
+    [System.GC]::Collect()
+    Write-Host ""
+}
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Summary
+# ============================================================================
+
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host "Generation Complete!" -ForegroundColor Green
+Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "Summary:" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+Write-Host "  Total Rows Generated: $([string]::Format('{0:N0}', $totalRows))"
+$actualTotal = ($allProviderCosts.Values | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum
+Write-Host "  Total Cost: `$$([string]::Format('{0:N2}', $actualTotal)) USD"
+Write-Host "  FOCUS Version: $FocusVersion"
+Write-Host "  Output Format: $OutputFormat"
+Write-Host "  Files Created: $($generatedFiles.Count)"
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "Provider Breakdown:" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+foreach ($provider in $providers)
+{
+    $providerCost = $allProviderCosts[$provider]
+    $providerRowCount = $allProviderRowCounts[$provider]
+    Write-Host "  $provider : $([string]::Format('{0:N0}', $providerRowCount)) rows | `$$([string]::Format('{0:N2}', $providerCost))"
+}
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "Generated Files:" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+foreach ($file in $generatedFiles)
+{
+    if (Test-Path $file)
+    {
+        $size = (Get-Item $file).Length / 1MB
+        Write-Host "  - $file ($([math]::Round($size, 2)) MB)"
+    }
+}
+
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "FOCUS Column Coverage (v$FocusVersion):" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host "  PricingCategory: Standard, Dynamic, Committed"
+Write-Host "  CommitmentDiscountStatus: Used, Unused (with SkuOrderId/SkuTerm linkage)"
+Write-Host "  CommitmentDiscountType: Reservation, Savings Plan (+ Purchase rows)"
+if ($focusMajorMinor -ge [version]'1.1') { Write-Host "  CommitmentDiscountQuantity/Unit: Included (v1.1+)" }
+if ($focusMajorMinor -ge [version]'1.2') { Write-Host "  BillingAccountType, SubAccountType, InvoiceId: Included (v1.2+)" }
+if ($focusMajorMinor -ge [version]'1.3') { Write-Host "  HostProviderName, ServiceProviderName: Included (v1.3+)" }
+if ($focusMajorMinor -ge [version]'1.3') { Write-Host "  ContractApplied: JSON for committed-discount rows (v1.3+)" }
+if ($focusMajorMinor -ge [version]'1.3') { Write-Host "  Allocated* columns: ~10% of AKS/EKS/GKE rows with split cost data (v1.3+)" }
+Write-Host "  Azure Hybrid Benefit: x_SkuLicenseStatus Enabled/Not Enabled"
+Write-Host "  CPU Architecture: Intel/AMD/Arm64 patterns in x_SkuMeterName"
+Write-Host "  Tag coverage: ~80% tagged, ~20% untagged (maturity scorecard)"
+Write-Host "  Data quality anomalies: ~2% rows (ChargeClass=Correction, x_SourceChanges set)"
+Write-Host "  Note: All columns emitted for every version (empty/null for non-applicable) to maintain"
+Write-Host "         a consistent Parquet schema. Contract Commitment dataset not included."
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "Additional FOCUS Datasets (Azure-only):" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+if ($additionalDatasetFiles.Count -gt 0)
+{
+    foreach ($ds in $additionalDatasetFiles.Keys)
+    {
+        $dsPath = $additionalDatasetFiles[$ds]
+        if (Test-Path $dsPath)
+        {
+            $dsSize = [math]::Round((Get-Item $dsPath).Length / 1MB, 2)
+            Write-Host "  $ds : $dsSize MB"
+        }
+    }
+}
+else
+{
+    Write-Host "  (Azure not in provider list — additional datasets skipped)"
+}
+Write-Host ""
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Upload to Azure Storage
+# ============================================================================
+
+if ($Upload -and $StorageAccountName)
+{
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Cyan
+    Write-Host "Uploading to Azure Storage..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Write-Host ("=" * 70) -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+    # Authentication: prefer Azure AD (--auth-mode login) unless -UseStorageKey
+    $authArgs = @()
+    if ($UseStorageKey)
+    {
+        if (-not $ResourceGroupName)
+        {
+            Write-Warning "-UseStorageKey requires -ResourceGroupName to retrieve the key."
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Write-Host "  Getting storage account key..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+            $storageKey = (az storage account keys list --account-name $StorageAccountName --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --query "[0].value" -o tsv 2>$null)
+            if ($storageKey)
+            {
+                $authArgs = @("--account-key", $storageKey)
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Write-Warning "Could not retrieve storage key, falling back to Azure AD auth."
+                $authArgs = @("--auth-mode", "login")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $authArgs = @("--auth-mode", "login")
+    }
+
+    # Start ADF triggers BEFORE uploading data
+    if ($StartTriggers -and $AdfName -and $ResourceGroupName)
+    {
+        Write-Host ""
+        Write-Host "Ensuring ADF Triggers are running (BEFORE upload)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+        $triggers = $AdfTriggerNames
+        foreach ($trigger in $triggers)
+        {
+            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($trigger, "Start ADF trigger"))
+            {
+                $state = (az datafactory trigger show --factory-name $AdfName --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $trigger --query "properties.runtimeState" -o tsv 2>$null)
+                if ($state -eq "Started")
+                {
+                    Write-Host "  $trigger already running" -ForegroundColor Gray
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Write-Host "  Starting $trigger..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+                    az datafactory trigger start --factory-name $AdfName --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $trigger --only-show-errors 2>$null
+                    Write-Host "  $trigger started" -ForegroundColor Green
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Write-Host "  Waiting 5 seconds for triggers to become active..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+        Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
+        Write-Host ""
+    }
+
+    $uploadedCount = 0
+    $runId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
+    $exportTime = (Get-Date).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmm")
+
+    foreach ($provider in $providers)
+    {
+        $providerLower = $provider.ToLower()
+        $baseFileName = "focus-$providerLower-$($StartDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))-$($EndDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))"
+        $uploadFileExt = if ($OutputFormat -eq 'Parquet') { 'parquet' } else { 'csv' }
+
+        $dataFile = "$baseFileName.$uploadFileExt"
+        $dataFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath $dataFile
+
+        if (-not (Test-Path $dataFilePath))
+        {
+            Write-Host "  Warning: $dataFilePath not found, skipping $provider" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+            continue
+        }
+
+        $fileSize = (Get-Item $dataFilePath).Length
+
+        if ($providerLower -eq "azure")
+        {
+            # Azure: msexports with Cost Management folder structure
+            $container = "msexports"
+            $scopeId = "subscriptions/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
+            $exportName = "focus-cost-export"
+            $dateRange = "$($StartDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))-$($EndDate.ToString('yyyyMMdd'))"
+            $blobFolder = "$scopeId/$exportName/$dateRange/$exportTime/$runId"
+            $blobPath = "$blobFolder/$dataFile"
+            $manifestBlobPath = "$blobFolder/manifest.json"
+
+            $manifest = @{
+                manifestVersion = "2024-04-01"
+                byteCount       = $fileSize
+                blobCount       = 1
+                dataRowCount    = $allProviderRowCounts[$provider]
+                exportConfig    = @{
+                    exportName  = $exportName
+                    resourceId  = "/$scopeId/providers/Microsoft.CostManagement/exports/$exportName"
+                    dataVersion = "1.0r2"
+                    apiVersion  = "2023-07-01-preview"
+                    type        = "FocusCost"
+                    timeFrame   = "Custom"
+                    granularity = "Daily"
+                }
+                deliveryConfig  = @{
+                    partitionData         = $true
+                    dataOverwriteBehavior = "OverwritePreviousReport"
+                    fileFormat            = "Parquet"
+                    compressionMode       = "None"
+                    containerUri          = "/subscriptions/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000/resourceGroups/rg/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/$StorageAccountName"
+                    rootFolderPath        = ""
+                }
+                runInfo         = @{
+                    executionType = "Scheduled"
+                    submittedTime = (Get-Date).ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffZ")
+                    runId         = $runId
+                    startDate     = $StartDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00")
+                    endDate       = $EndDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddT00:00:00")
+                }
+                blobs           = @(
+                    @{
+                        blobName     = $blobPath
+                        byteCount    = $fileSize
+                        dataRowCount = $allProviderRowCounts[$provider]
+                    }
+                )
+            } | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5
+
+            $manifestFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath "manifest-$providerLower.json"
+            $manifest | Out-File -FilePath $manifestFilePath -Encoding UTF8
+
+            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$container/$blobPath", "Upload to Azure Storage"))
+            {
+                Write-Host "  Uploading $provider to msexports container..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+                Write-Host "    Step 1: Upload data file (before manifest to ensure ADF finds it)..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+                az storage blob upload --account-name $StorageAccountName @authArgs --container-name $container --file $dataFilePath --name $blobPath --overwrite --only-show-errors 2>$null
+                Write-Host "    Step 2: Upload manifest.json (triggers ADF pipeline)..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+                az storage blob upload --account-name $StorageAccountName @authArgs --container-name $container --file $manifestFilePath --name $manifestBlobPath --overwrite --only-show-errors 2>$null
+            }
+
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            # AWS/GCP/DataCenter: ingestion container
+            $container = "ingestion"
+            $scopePath = "$providerLower/test-account"
+            $ingestionId = (Get-Date).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss")
+            $blobFolder = "Costs/$($EndDate.ToString('yyyy'))/$($EndDate.ToString('MM'))/$scopePath"
+            $blobPath = "$blobFolder/${ingestionId}__$dataFile"
+            $manifestBlobPath = "$blobFolder/manifest.json"
+
+            $manifest = @{
+                note      = "Trigger file for ADX ingestion"
+                provider  = $providerLower
+                timestamp = (Get-Date).ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ")
+            } | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 3
+
+            $manifestFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath "manifest-$providerLower.json"
+            $manifest | Out-File -FilePath $manifestFilePath -Encoding UTF8
+
+            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$container/$blobPath", "Upload to Azure Storage"))
+            {
+                Write-Host "  Uploading $provider to ingestion container..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+                az storage blob upload --account-name $StorageAccountName @authArgs --container-name $container --file $dataFilePath --name $blobPath --overwrite --only-show-errors 2>$null
+                az storage blob upload --account-name $StorageAccountName @authArgs --container-name $container --file $manifestFilePath --name $manifestBlobPath --overwrite --only-show-errors 2>$null
+            }
+        }
+
+        Write-Host "    Uploaded: $blobPath" -ForegroundColor Green
+        Write-Host "    Uploaded: $manifestBlobPath" -ForegroundColor Green
+        $uploadedCount++
+    }
+
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "Upload Complete! $uploadedCount providers uploaded." -ForegroundColor Green
+
+    # Upload additional FOCUS datasets (Prices, CommitmentDiscountUsage, Recommendations, Transactions)
+    if ($additionalDatasetFiles.Count -gt 0)
+    {
+        Write-Host ""
+        Write-Host "Uploading additional FOCUS datasets to ingestion container..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+        $container = "ingestion"
+        $ingestionId = (Get-Date).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss")
+
+        foreach ($datasetName in $additionalDatasetFiles.Keys)
+        {
+            $datasetFilePath = $additionalDatasetFiles[$datasetName]
+            if (-not (Test-Path $datasetFilePath))
+            {
+                Write-Host "  Warning: $datasetFilePath not found, skipping $datasetName" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+                continue
+            }
+
+            $datasetFileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetFileName($datasetFilePath)
+            $scopePath = "azure/test-account"
+            $blobFolder = "$datasetName/$($EndDate.ToString('yyyy'))/$($EndDate.ToString('MM'))/$scopePath"
+            $blobPath = "$blobFolder/${ingestionId}__$datasetFileName"
+            $manifestBlobPath = "$blobFolder/manifest.json"
+
+            # Create a simple manifest for ingestion trigger
+            $manifest = @{
+                note      = "Trigger file for ADX ingestion - $datasetName"
+                provider  = "azure"
+                dataset   = $datasetName
+                timestamp = (Get-Date).ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ")
+            } | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 3
+
+            $manifestFilePath = Join-Path $OutputPath "manifest-$($datasetName.ToLower()).json"
+            $manifest | Out-File -FilePath $manifestFilePath -Encoding UTF8
+
+            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$container/$blobPath", "Upload $datasetName to Azure Storage"))
+            {
+                Write-Host "  Uploading $datasetName..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+                az storage blob upload --account-name $StorageAccountName @authArgs --container-name $container --file $datasetFilePath --name $blobPath --overwrite --only-show-errors 2>$null
+                az storage blob upload --account-name $StorageAccountName @authArgs --container-name $container --file $manifestFilePath --name $manifestBlobPath --overwrite --only-show-errors 2>$null
+                Write-Host "    Uploaded: $blobPath" -ForegroundColor Green
+                Write-Host "    Uploaded: $manifestBlobPath" -ForegroundColor Green
+            }
+        }
+
+        Write-Host ""
+        Write-Host "Additional datasets uploaded!" -ForegroundColor Green
+    }
+
+    # Verify ADF pipeline execution
+    if ($StartTriggers -and $AdfName -and $ResourceGroupName)
+    {
+        Write-Host ""
+        Write-Host "Verifying ADF Pipeline Execution..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+
+        Write-Host "  Waiting 15 seconds for blob events to propagate..." -ForegroundColor Gray
+        Start-Sleep -Seconds 15
+
+        $now = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime()
+        $checkFrom = $now.AddMinutes(-5).ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ")
+        $checkTo = $now.AddMinutes(5).ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ")
+
+        $pipelineRuns = az datafactory pipeline-run query-by-factory --factory-name $AdfName --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --last-updated-after $checkFrom --last-updated-before $checkTo -o json 2>$null | ConvertFrom-Json
+
+        if ($pipelineRuns.value.Count -gt 0)
+        {
+            Write-Host "  ADF pipelines triggered successfully!" -ForegroundColor Green
+            foreach ($run in $pipelineRuns.value)
+            {
+                Write-Host "    $($run.pipelineName) | $($run.status)" -ForegroundColor Gray
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Write-Host "  No pipeline runs detected yet. Manifests may trigger shortly." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+        }
+    }
+    elseif ($StartTriggers)
+    {
+        Write-Host ""
+        Write-Host "Warning: -StartTriggers requires -AdfName and -ResourceGroupName" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    }
+
+    # Verify update policies and backfill if needed (runs after every upload)
+    if ($AdxClusterUri)
+    {
+        Invoke-EnsureUpdatePolicy -AdxClusterUri $AdxClusterUri -Backfill
+    }
+}
+elseif ($Upload)
+{
+    Write-Warning "-Upload requires -StorageAccountName."
+}
+else
+{
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "Next Steps:" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Write-Host "  1. Run with -Upload -StorageAccountName <name> to upload automatically"
+    Write-Host "  2. Or manually upload:"
+    Write-Host "     - Azure data to msexports/{scope}/{export-name}/{date-range}/{time}/{guid}/"
+    Write-Host "     - AWS/GCP/DC data to ingestion/Costs/{yyyy}/{mm}/{provider}/{account}/"
+    Write-Host "     - Prices to ingestion/Prices/{yyyy}/{mm}/azure/test-account/"
+    Write-Host "     - CommitmentDiscountUsage to ingestion/CommitmentDiscountUsage/{yyyy}/{mm}/azure/test-account/"
+    Write-Host "     - Recommendations to ingestion/Recommendations/{yyyy}/{mm}/azure/test-account/"
+    Write-Host "     - Transactions to ingestion/Transactions/{yyyy}/{mm}/azure/test-account/"
+    Write-Host "  3. Start ADF triggers to process the data"
+}
+
+Write-Host ""
diff --git a/src/templates/finops-hub/test/README.md b/src/templates/finops-hub/test/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..599d3a3b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/templates/finops-hub/test/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# FinOps Hub Test Data
+
+This directory contains test data generation utilities for validating FinOps Hub deployments.
+
+## Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1
+
+Generates synthetic multi-cloud cost data in [FOCUS format](https://focus.finops.org/) for Azure, AWS, GCP, and on-premises data center scenarios.
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- PowerShell 7.0 or later
+- Azure CLI (for upload to storage)
+- Azure AD credentials with Storage Blob Data Contributor role (for upload)
+
+### Quick Start
+
+```powershell
+# Generate 6 months of FOCUS 1.3 data for all providers (500K rows, $500K budget)
+./Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1
+
+# Generate a small reproducible dataset
+./Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -Seed 42 -TotalRowTarget 1000
+
+# Generate Azure-only FOCUS 1.0 data
+./Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -FocusVersion 1.0 -CloudProvider Azure -TotalRowTarget 50000
+
+# Generate and upload using Azure AD auth
+./Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -Upload -StorageAccountName "stfinopshub" -AdfName "adf-finopshub" -StartTriggers
+
+# Nuke all test data (ADX tables, storage blobs, local files) for a clean reset
+./Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -NukeTestData -AdxClusterUri "https://mycluster.region.kusto.windows.net" -StorageAccountName "stfinopshub"
+
+# Full nuke with ADF trigger management
+./Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -NukeTestData -AdxClusterUri "https://mycluster.region.kusto.windows.net" -StorageAccountName "stfinopshub" -AdfName "adf-finopshub" -ResourceGroupName "rg-finopshub" -StartTriggers
+```
+
+### Features
+
+| Feature | Description |
+|---------|-------------|
+| Multi-cloud | Azure, AWS, GCP, and Data Center providers |
+| FOCUS versions | 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 with version-specific column sets |
+| Budget scaling | Inline cost scaling to hit target budget (no Python dependency) |
+| Commitment discounts | Reservations and Savings Plans with Used/Unused status |
+| Azure Hybrid Benefit | x_SkuLicenseStatus Enabled/Not Enabled simulation |
+| CPU architecture | Intel/AMD/Arm64 patterns in x_SkuMeterName |
+| Tag variation | ~80% tagged, ~20% untagged for maturity scorecard testing |
+| Data quality | ~2% anomaly rows with ChargeClass=Correction |
+| Split cost allocation | ~10% of AKS/EKS/GKE rows with Allocated* columns (v1.3+) |
+| ContractApplied | JSON contract reference on committed-discount rows (v1.3+) |
+| Reproducibility | `-Seed` parameter for deterministic output |
+| Azure AD auth | Default `--auth-mode login` for uploads (storage keys opt-in via `-UseStorageKey`) |
+| ShouldProcess | Full `-WhatIf` / `-Confirm` support for destructive operations |
+| NukeTestData | Purges ADX tables, storage blobs, and local test-data for clean resets |
+| Output formats | CSV and Parquet (via PSParquet module) |
+| Additional datasets | Azure-only Prices, CommitmentDiscountUsage, Recommendations, Transactions |
+
+### Parameters
+
+Run `Get-Help ./Generate-MultiCloudTestData.ps1 -Detailed` for the full parameter reference.
+
+### FOCUS Specification Compliance
+
+The script generates the **Cost and Usage** dataset. The Contract Commitment dataset (introduced in v1.3) is not included.
+
+Column sets vary by FOCUS version:
+
+| Version | Mandatory | Conditional | Total |
+|---------|-----------|-------------|-------|
+| 1.0 | 32 | 11 | 43 |
+| 1.1 | 32 | 13 | 45 |
+| 1.2 | 35 | 13 | 48 |
+| 1.3 | 37 | 13 | 50 |
+
+Plus FinOps Hub-specific `x_` prefixed extension columns for dashboard compatibility.
+
+> **Note:** All columns are emitted regardless of version (with empty/null values for non-applicable columns) to maintain a consistent Parquet schema. This is intentional for test data compatibility.
+
+### NukeTestData (Clean Reset)
+
+The `-NukeTestData` switch performs a full cleanup for re-testing:
+
+1. **Stops ADF triggers** (optional, with `-StartTriggers -AdfName -ResourceGroupName`) to prevent re-ingestion during cleanup
+2. **Purges all ADX tables** in both Hub and Ingestion databases via REST API
+3. **Deletes all blobs** from `msexports` and `ingestion` storage containers
+4. **Removes local test-data folder**
+
+Requires `-AdxClusterUri` and `-StorageAccountName`. Uses `ConfirmImpact = 'High'` so PowerShell will prompt for confirmation unless `-Force` or `-Confirm:$false` is passed.