Add 06-morphology.md

Author: localhost433

notes/courses/LING-UA-1/06-morphology.md

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+---
+title: 06 - Morphology
+date: 2025-05-28
+---
+
+# Morphology
+
+## What is morphology?
+Study of morphemes, smallest meaningful units in language.
+
+### Morpheme vs. Phoneme
+Phonemes are contrastive units of sounds, do not carry any meaning on their own.
+
+### Morpheme vs. Syllable
+A syllable is a prosodic unit based on sounds, not meaning.
+
+### Morpheme vs. Word
+Both have meanings.
+- A word is a freestanding unit of meaning
+  - can be simple, made up of a single morpheme
+  - can be complex, made up of more than one morpheme.
+- Morphemes are meaningful units that can, but don't have to, stand on their own.
+
+### Meaning of morphemes
+- Meaning of morpheme must be constant.
+- Some morphemes sharing the same form may have multiple meanings.
+
+### Form of morphemes
+Sometimes, morphemes come in different forms, which is referred to as **allomorphs**.
+- Form of a morpheme may change based on phonotactic rules.
+- Other times, the different forms are remnants of older varieties of the language.
+  - Despite the different realization, they are considered the same morpheme because the meaning is constant.
+
+## Type of morphemes
+Not all morphemes are created equal.
+
+### Language specific
+What's bound in one language can be free in another.
+
+In English, most bound morphemes are affixes. Affixes are classified by where they attached to a word
+- **Prefixes** attach to the beginning of a word
+- **Suffixes** attach to the end of a word
+- **Infixes** go in the middle of a word
+- **Circumfixes** go around the word (on both sides)
+
+### Roots vs. Stems
+- Morphologically complex words consist of a **root** and one or more affixes.
+- Some roots can stand along as a word.
+- Other roots cannot stand alone as a word (so-called bound roots)
+- When a root morpheme is combined with an affixm it forms a **stem**. Other affixes can be added to a stem to form a more complex stem.
+
+## Morphological Analysis
+Perform morphological analysis to identify morphemes.
+Identify **recurring forms** with **recurring meanings**.
+
+## Different types of words
+Content words (open class words):
+- Nouns
+- Verbs
+- Adjectives
+- Adverbs
+
+Function words (close class words):
+- Conjunctions
+- Prepositions
+- Articles
+- Pronoun

notes/courses/LING-UA-1/index.json

@@ -23,5 +23,10 @@
         "slug": "05-phonology",
         "title": "05 - Phonology",
         "date": "2025-05-27"
+    },
+    {
+        "slug": "06-morphology",
+        "title": "06 - Morphology",
+        "date": "2025-05-28"
     }
 ]