diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index e69de29bb..6fe0c97c1 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+var recipes = {};
+
+function updateObjectWithKeyAndValue(object, key, value) {
+  return Object.assign({}, object, {[key]: value});
+}
+
+function destructivelyUpdateObjectWithKeyAndValue(object, key, value){
+  object[key] = value;
+  return object;
+}
+
+function deleteFromObjectByKey(object, key) {
+  var clone = Object.assign({}, object);
+  delete clone[key];
+  return clone;
+}
+
+function destructivelyDeleteFromObjectByKey(object, key) {
+  delete object[key];
+  return object;
+}