diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index e69de29bb..412ce88ec 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+var recipes = {};
+
+ function updateObjectWithKeyAndValue(object, key, value){
+   return Object.assign({}, object, { [key]: value });
+ }
+
+function destructivelyUpdateObjectWithKeyAndValue(object, key, value){
+  object[key] = value;
+  return object;
+}
+
+function deleteFromObjectByKey(object, key){
+  var copy = Object.assign({}, object);//create copy
+  delete copy[key];
+  return copy;
+}
+
+function destructivelyDeleteFromObjectByKey(object, key){
+  delete object[key];
+  return object;
+}