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OpenWrt Raspberry Pi 3

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1. Overview

The OpenWrt Project is a Linux operating system targeting embedded devices. Instead of trying to create a single, static firmware, OpenWrt provides a fully writable filesystem with package management.

2. Environment

Host: Ubuntu 20.04 x86_64

$ sudo apt install -y sed make binutils gcc g++ bash patch gzip bzip2 perl tar cpio python unzip rsync wget libncurses-dev

3. Build with OpenWrt

Host: Ubuntu 20.04 x86_64

Target: Raspberry Pi3

3.1. To build Image

A. Git clone openwrt

$ git clone https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt.git openwrtX_pi3

$ cd openwrtX_pi3

$ ./scripts/feeds update -a
$ ./scripts/feeds install -a

B. menuconfig

這邊選擇輕量化，省略 drivers

$ cd openwrtX_pi3
$ make menuconfig

  • Target System (Broadcom BCM27xx) --->

  • Subtarget (BCM2710 boards (64 bit)) --->

  • Target Profile (Raspberry Pi 3B/3B+/CM3 (64bit)) --->

  • Target Images --->

    ​ *** Root filesystem archives ***

    • [*] tar.gz

      ​ *** Image Options ***

    • (64) Kernel partition size (in MiB)

    • (1024) Root filesystem partition size (in MiB)

  • Global build settings --->

    • [*] Select all target specific packages by default
    • -*- Select all kernel module packages by default

  • [*] Build the OpenWrt Image Builder

  • [*] Include package repositories (NEW)

  • [*] Build the OpenWrt SDK

  • Package the OpenWrt-based Toolchain

  • [*] Image configuration --->

  • Base system --->

  • Kernel modules --->

  • Libraries --->

  • Network --->

    • SSH --->

      • -*- openssh-client............................................ OpenSSH client

      • <*> openssh-client-utils............................ OpenSSH client utilities

      • -*- openssh-keygen............................................ OpenSSH keygen

      • <*> openssh-server............................................ OpenSSH server

      • [*] Include libfido2 support in openssh-server (NEW)

C. Build

$ make

3.2. To Generate Toolchain

make 後，可在 staging_dir/ 得到 Toolchain

$ cd openwrtX_pi3

$ tree -L 1 staging_dir/
staging_dir/
├── host
├── hostpkg
├── packages
├── target-aarch64_cortex-a53_musl
└── toolchain-aarch64_cortex-a53_gcc-12.3.0_musl

5 directories, 0 files

$ ll staging_dir/toolchain-aarch64_cortex-a53_gcc-12.3.0_musl/bin/*-gcc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lanka lanka      30  一  29 23:01 aarch64-openwrt-linux-gcc -> aarch64-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc*
-rwxr-xr-x 2 lanka lanka 1523080  一  29 23:01 aarch64-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc*

4. Burn Your Image into SD CARD

注意！網路上的教學中，都沒有提到要燒那個檔案；這些文章可能都是抄來的，沒有實際燒過！

flowchart LR
	SD[SD CARD]
	Image --> |dd|SD
	Image --> |balenaEtcher|SD
Loading

A. use dd

B. use balenaEtcher-Portable-1.5.49

個人比較喜歡用 Etcher，執行時請使用系統管理者啟動

選擇 openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz

$ cd bin/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2710
$ tree -L 1./
.
├── config.buildinfo
├── feeds.buildinfo
├── openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3-ext4-factory.img.gz
├── openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz
├── openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3.manifest
├── openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3-rootfs.tar.gz
├── openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3-squashfs-factory.img.gz
├── openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz
├── openwrt-imagebuilder-bcm27xx-bcm2710.Linux-x86_64.tar.xz
├── openwrt-sdk-bcm27xx-bcm2710_gcc-12.3.0_musl.Linux-x86_64.tar.xz
├── openwrt-toolchain-bcm27xx-bcm2710_gcc-12.3.0_musl.Linux-x86_64.tar.xz
├── packages
├── profiles.json
├── sha256sums
└── version.buildinfo

1 directory, 14 files

$ ls *-sysupgrade.img.gz
openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz  openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2710-rpi-3-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz

5. Boot from SD Card

$ udhcpc -i br-lan

$ uname -a
Linux OpenWrt 6.1.74 #0 SMP Mon Jan 29 09:28:41 2024 aarch64 GNU/Linux

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 6.1.74 (lanka@msi-vbx) (aarch64-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 12.3.0 r24937-920414ca88) 12.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.40.0) #0 SMP Mon Jan 29 09:28:41 2024

$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME=Buildroot
VERSION=-svn8
ID=buildroot
VERSION_ID=2022.02
PRETTY_NAME="Buildroot 2022.02"

$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="OpenWrt"
VERSION="SNAPSHOT"
ID="openwrt"
ID_LIKE="lede openwrt"
PRETTY_NAME="OpenWrt SNAPSHOT"
VERSION_ID="snapshot"
HOME_URL="https://openwrt.org/"
BUG_URL="https://bugs.openwrt.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://forum.openwrt.org/"
BUILD_ID="r24937-920414ca88"
OPENWRT_BOARD="bcm27xx/bcm2710"
OPENWRT_ARCH="aarch64_cortex-a53"
OPENWRT_TAINTS=""
OPENWRT_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER="OpenWrt"
OPENWRT_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER_URL="https://openwrt.org/"
OPENWRT_DEVICE_PRODUCT="Generic"
OPENWRT_DEVICE_REVISION="v0"
OPENWRT_RELEASE="OpenWrt SNAPSHOT r24937-920414ca88"

$ ls -al /bin/sh
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             7 Jan 29 09:28 /bin/sh -> busybox

6. Build helloworld on Host

$ cd openwrtX_pi3
$ cd staging_dir/toolchain-aarch64_cortex-a53_gcc-12.3.0_musl
$ export STAGING_DIR=`pwd`
$ export PATH=$STAGING_DIR/bin:$PATH

$ aarch64-openwrt-linux-gcc helloworld.c -o helloworld
# 避免動態連結 --static
$ aarch64-openwrt-linux-gcc --static helloworld.c -o helloworld

$ file helloworld
helloworld: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-musl-aarch64.so.1, with debug_info, not stripped

A. Qemu user mode

# run with qemu
$ sudo apt install qemu-user qemu-user-static

$ qemu-aarch64 helloworld
#or
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$STAGING_DIR/lib qemu-aarch64 $STAGING_DIR/lib/ld-musl-aarch64.so.1 /tmp/helloworld
Hello world !!!

7. Run helloworld on Pi

# Please scp helloworld from Ubuntu -> Pi 
$ helloworld
Hello world !!!

Appendix

I. Study

I.1. Build & Customise OpenWrt for Raspberry Pi

I.2. OpenWrt DIY — 多设备固件云编译

I.3. openwrt-pi4

II. Debug

III. Glossary

IV. Tool Usage

Author

Created and designed by Lanka Hsu.

License

CrossCompilationX is available under the BSD-3-Clause license. See the LICENSE file for more info.