ASN.1 does not impose a limit of integer and floating point size, and does have decimal float as well as binary float (although both are the same type in ASN.1).
Some ASN.1 formats do support ad-hoc data without a schema (e.g. DER) while some don't (e.g. OER and PER).
Some types do not seem to be mentioned, such as OID and relative OID (both are in ASN.1), and the character sets supported for text, and bit string (also in ASN.1).
I made up ASN.1X, which adds some additional types such as: key/value list (with any types for keys and values), TRON string, rational numbers, reference to another node within the file, placeholder for out-of-band-data, and a few others as well.