diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/.env.example b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/.env.example
index b74e0a29..3ff84207 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/.env.example
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/.env.example
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-# Copy this file to .env and fill in your API key
+# Copy this file to .env and fill in your API keys
 OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key_here
+KERNEL_API_KEY=your_kernel_api_key_here
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/README.md b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/README.md
index e45b15d4..f0227f8f 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/README.md
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,24 @@
 # Kernel Python Sample App - OpenAI Computer Use
 
-This is a Kernel application that demonstrates using the Computer Use Agent (CUA) from OpenAI.
+This is a Kernel application that demonstrates using the Computer Use Agent (CUA) from OpenAI with Kernel's native browser control API.
 
-It generally follows the [OpenAI CUA Sample App Reference](https://github.com/openai/openai-cua-sample-app) and uses Playwright via Kernel for browser automation.
+It uses Kernel's computer control endpoints (screenshot, click, type, scroll, batch, etc.) instead of Playwright, and includes a `batch_computer_actions` tool that executes multiple actions in a single API call for lower latency.
 
-See the [docs](https://www.kernel.sh/docs/quickstart) for more information.
\ No newline at end of file
+## Local testing
+
+You can test against a remote Kernel browser without deploying:
+
+```bash
+cp .env.example .env
+# Fill in OPENAI_API_KEY and KERNEL_API_KEY in .env
+uv run test_local.py
+```
+
+## Deploy to Kernel
+
+```bash
+kernel deploy main.py --env-file .env
+kernel invoke python-openai-cua cua-task -p '{"task":"go to https://news.ycombinator.com and list top 5 articles"}'
+```
+
+See the [docs](https://www.kernel.sh/docs/quickstart) for more information.
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/agent/agent.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/agent/agent.py
index d7f4267f..4a6dc5d1 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/agent/agent.py
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/agent/agent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-from computers import Computer
+import json
+from typing import Callable
+from computers.kernel_computer import KernelComputer
 from utils import (
     create_response,
     show_image,
@@ -6,27 +8,75 @@
     sanitize_message,
     check_blocklisted_url,
 )
-import json
-from typing import Callable
 
+BATCH_FUNC_NAME = "batch_computer_actions"
 
-class Agent:
-    """
-    A sample agent class that can be used to interact with a computer.
+BATCH_INSTRUCTIONS = """You have two ways to perform actions:
+1. The standard computer tool — use for single actions when you need screenshot feedback after each step.
+2. batch_computer_actions — use to execute multiple actions at once when you can predict the outcome.
+
+ALWAYS prefer batch_computer_actions when performing predictable sequences like:
+- Clicking a text field, typing text, and pressing Enter
+- Typing a URL and pressing Enter
+- Any sequence where you don't need to see intermediate results"""
+
+BATCH_TOOL = {
+    "type": "function",
+    "name": BATCH_FUNC_NAME,
+    "description": (
+        "Execute multiple computer actions in sequence without waiting for "
+        "screenshots between them. Use this when you can predict the outcome of a "
+        "sequence of actions without needing intermediate visual feedback. After all "
+        "actions execute, a single screenshot is taken and returned.\n\n"
+        "PREFER this over individual computer actions when:\n"
+        "- Typing text followed by pressing Enter\n"
+        "- Clicking a field and then typing into it\n"
+        "- Any sequence where intermediate screenshots are not needed"
+    ),
+    "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+            "actions": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "description": "Ordered list of actions to execute",
+                "items": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                        "type": {
+                            "type": "string",
+                            "enum": ["click", "double_click", "type", "keypress", "scroll", "move", "drag", "wait"],
+                        },
+                        "x": {"type": "number"},
+                        "y": {"type": "number"},
+                        "text": {"type": "string"},
+                        "keys": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+                        "button": {"type": "string"},
+                        "scroll_x": {"type": "number"},
+                        "scroll_y": {"type": "number"},
+                    },
+                    "required": ["type"],
+                },
+            },
+        },
+        "required": ["actions"],
+    },
+    "strict": False,
+}
 
-    (See simple_cua_loop.py for a simple example without an agent.)
-    """
+
+class Agent:
+    """An agent that uses OpenAI CUA with Kernel's native computer control API."""
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         model="computer-use-preview",
-        computer: Computer = None,
+        computer: KernelComputer = None,
         tools: list[dict] = [],
         acknowledge_safety_check_callback: Callable = lambda message: False,
     ):
         self.model = model
         self.computer = computer
-        self.tools = tools
+        self.tools = list(tools)
         self.print_steps = True
         self.debug = False
         self.show_images = False
@@ -41,6 +91,7 @@ def __init__(
                     "display_height": dimensions[1],
                     "environment": computer.get_environment(),
                 },
+                BATCH_TOOL,
                 {
                     "type": "function",
                     "name": "back",
@@ -75,6 +126,28 @@ def debug_print(self, *args):
         if self.debug:
             pp(*args)
 
+    def _execute_computer_action(self, action_type, action_args):
+        if action_type == "click":
+            self.computer.click(**action_args)
+        elif action_type == "double_click":
+            self.computer.double_click(**action_args)
+        elif action_type == "type":
+            self.computer.type(**action_args)
+        elif action_type == "keypress":
+            self.computer.keypress(**action_args)
+        elif action_type == "scroll":
+            self.computer.scroll(**action_args)
+        elif action_type == "move":
+            self.computer.move(**action_args)
+        elif action_type == "drag":
+            self.computer.drag(**action_args)
+        elif action_type == "wait":
+            self.computer.wait(**action_args)
+        elif action_type == "screenshot":
+            pass
+        else:
+            print(f"Warning: unknown action type: {action_type}")
+
     def handle_item(self, item):
         """Handle each item; may cause a computer action + screenshot."""
         if item["type"] == "message":
@@ -86,14 +159,17 @@ def handle_item(self, item):
             if self.print_steps:
                 print(f"{name}({args})")
 
-            if hasattr(self.computer, name):  # if function exists on computer, call it
+            if name == BATCH_FUNC_NAME:
+                return self._handle_batch_call(item["call_id"], args)
+
+            if hasattr(self.computer, name):
                 method = getattr(self.computer, name)
                 method(**args)
             return [
                 {
                     "type": "function_call_output",
                     "call_id": item["call_id"],
-                    "output": "success",  # hard-coded output for demo
+                    "output": "success",
                 }
             ]
 
@@ -104,14 +180,12 @@ def handle_item(self, item):
             if self.print_steps:
                 print(f"{action_type}({action_args})")
 
-            method = getattr(self.computer, action_type)
-            method(**action_args)
+            self._execute_computer_action(action_type, action_args)
 
             screenshot_base64 = self.computer.screenshot()
             if self.show_images:
                 show_image(screenshot_base64)
 
-            # if user doesn't ack all safety checks exit with error
             pending_checks = item.get("pending_safety_checks", [])
             for check in pending_checks:
                 message = check["message"]
@@ -130,7 +204,6 @@ def handle_item(self, item):
                 },
             }
 
-            # additional URL safety checks for browser environments
             if self.computer.get_environment() == "browser":
                 current_url = self.computer.get_current_url()
                 check_blocklisted_url(current_url)
@@ -139,6 +212,21 @@ def handle_item(self, item):
             return [call_output]
         return []
 
+    def _handle_batch_call(self, call_id, args):
+        actions = args.get("actions", [])
+        self.computer.batch_actions(actions)
+        screenshot_base64 = self.computer.screenshot()
+        return [
+            {
+                "type": "function_call_output",
+                "call_id": call_id,
+                "output": json.dumps([
+                    {"type": "text", "text": "Actions executed successfully."},
+                    {"type": "image_url", "image_url": f"data:image/png;base64,{screenshot_base64}"},
+                ]),
+            }
+        ]
+
     def run_full_turn(
         self, input_items, print_steps=True, debug=False, show_images=False
     ):
@@ -147,7 +235,6 @@ def run_full_turn(
         self.show_images = show_images
         new_items = []
 
-        # keep looping until we get a final response
         while new_items[-1].get("role") != "assistant" if new_items else True:
             self.debug_print([sanitize_message(msg) for msg in input_items + new_items])
 
@@ -156,6 +243,7 @@ def run_full_turn(
                 input=input_items + new_items,
                 tools=self.tools,
                 truncation="auto",
+                instructions=BATCH_INSTRUCTIONS,
             )
             self.debug_print(response)
 
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/__init__.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/__init__.py
index 0e8c132d..843071d0 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
-from . import default
-from . import contrib
+from .kernel_computer import KernelComputer
 from .computer import Computer
-from .config import computers_config
 
 __all__ = [
-    "default",
-    "contrib",
+    "KernelComputer",
     "Computer",
-    "computers_config",
 ]
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/computer.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/computer.py
index 80986509..8b389459 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/computer.py
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/computer.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from typing import Protocol, List, Literal, Dict
+from typing import Protocol, List, Literal, Dict, Any
 
 
 class Computer(Protocol):
-    """Defines the 'shape' (methods/properties) our loop expects."""
+    """Defines the shape (methods/properties) the agent loop expects."""
 
     def get_environment(self) -> Literal["windows", "mac", "linux", "browser"]: ...
 
@@ -26,4 +26,12 @@ def keypress(self, keys: List[str]) -> None: ...
 
     def drag(self, path: List[Dict[str, int]]) -> None: ...
 
-    def get_current_url() -> str: ...
+    def batch_actions(self, actions: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> None: ...
+
+    def goto(self, url: str) -> None: ...
+
+    def back(self) -> None: ...
+
+    def forward(self) -> None: ...
+
+    def get_current_url(self) -> str: ...
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/config.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/config.py
index 4bf314c4..28a9b7ee 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/config.py
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/config.py
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-from .default import *
-from .contrib import *
+from .kernel_computer import KernelComputer
 
 computers_config = {
-    "local-playwright": LocalPlaywrightBrowser,
-    "kernel": KernelPlaywrightBrowser,
+    "kernel": KernelComputer,
 }
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/__init__.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e168f70..00000000
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-from .local_playwright import LocalPlaywrightBrowser
-from .kernel import KernelPlaywrightBrowser
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/kernel.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/kernel.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5fbb7e5b..00000000
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/kernel.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-from playwright.sync_api import Browser, Page
-from ..shared.base_playwright import BasePlaywrightComputer
-
-class KernelPlaywrightBrowser(BasePlaywrightComputer):
-    """
-    Connects to a remote Chromium instance using a provided CDP URL.
-    Expects a dict as input: {'cdp_ws_url': ..., 'width': ..., 'height': ...}
-    Width and height are optional, defaulting to 1024x768.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, config: dict):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.cdp_ws_url = config.get("cdp_ws_url")
-        if not self.cdp_ws_url:
-            raise ValueError("cdp_ws_url must be provided in config dict")
-        self.width = config.get("width", 1024)
-        self.height = config.get("height", 768)
-        self.dimensions = (self.width, self.height)
-
-    def get_dimensions(self):
-        return self.dimensions
-
-    def _get_browser_and_page(self) -> tuple[Browser, Page]:
-        # Connect to the remote browser using the CDP URL
-        browser = self._playwright.chromium.connect_over_cdp(self.cdp_ws_url)
-        context = browser.contexts[0] if browser.contexts else browser.new_context()
-        page = context.pages[0] if context.pages else context.new_page()
-        page.set_viewport_size({"width": self.width, "height": self.height})
-        page.on("close", self._handle_page_close)
-        # Optionally, navigate to a default page
-        # page.goto("about:blank")
-        return browser, page
-
-    def _handle_new_page(self, page: Page):
-        """Handle the creation of a new page."""
-        print("New page created")
-        self._page = page
-        page.on("close", self._handle_page_close)
-
-    def _handle_page_close(self, page: Page):
-        """Handle the closure of a page."""
-        print("Page closed")
-        if hasattr(self, "_browser") and self._page == page:
-            if self._browser.contexts[0].pages:
-                self._page = self._browser.contexts[0].pages[-1]
-            else:
-                print("Warning: All pages have been closed.")
-                self._page = None
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/local_playwright.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/local_playwright.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6810f34b..00000000
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/default/local_playwright.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-from playwright.sync_api import Browser, Page
-from ..shared.base_playwright import BasePlaywrightComputer
-
-
-class LocalPlaywrightBrowser(BasePlaywrightComputer):
-    """Launches a local Chromium instance using Playwright."""
-
-    def __init__(self, headless: bool = False):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.headless = headless
-
-    def _get_browser_and_page(self) -> tuple[Browser, Page]:
-        width, height = self.get_dimensions()
-        launch_args = [
-            f"--window-size={width},{height}",
-            "--disable-extensions",
-            "--disable-file-system",
-        ]
-        browser = self._playwright.chromium.launch(
-            chromium_sandbox=True,
-            headless=self.headless,
-            args=launch_args,
-            env={"DISPLAY": ":0"},
-        )
-
-        context = browser.contexts[0] if browser.contexts else browser.new_context()
-
-
-        # Add event listeners for page creation and closure
-        context.on("page", self._handle_new_page)
-
-        page = context.pages[0] if context.pages else context.new_page()
-        page.set_viewport_size({"width": width, "height": height})
-        page.on("close", self._handle_page_close)
-
-        # page.goto("about:blank")
-
-        return browser, page
-
-    def _handle_new_page(self, page: Page):
-        """Handle the creation of a new page."""
-        print("New page created")
-        self._page = page
-        page.on("close", self._handle_page_close)
-
-    def _handle_page_close(self, page: Page):
-        """Handle the closure of a page."""
-        print("Page closed")
-        if self._page == page:
-            if self._browser.contexts[0].pages:
-                self._page = self._browser.contexts[0].pages[-1]
-            else:
-                print("Warning: All pages have been closed.")
-                self._page = None
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/kernel_computer.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/kernel_computer.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c2e1936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/kernel_computer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+import base64
+import json
+import time
+from typing import List, Dict, Any
+
+from kernel import Kernel
+
+# CUA model key names -> X11 keysym names for the Kernel computer API
+KEYSYM_MAP = {
+    "ENTER": "Return",
+    "Enter": "Return",
+    "RETURN": "Return",
+    "BACKSPACE": "BackSpace",
+    "Backspace": "BackSpace",
+    "DELETE": "Delete",
+    "TAB": "Tab",
+    "ESCAPE": "Escape",
+    "Escape": "Escape",
+    "ESC": "Escape",
+    "SPACE": "space",
+    "Space": "space",
+    "UP": "Up",
+    "DOWN": "Down",
+    "LEFT": "Left",
+    "RIGHT": "Right",
+    "HOME": "Home",
+    "END": "End",
+    "PAGEUP": "Prior",
+    "PAGE_UP": "Prior",
+    "PageUp": "Prior",
+    "PAGEDOWN": "Next",
+    "PAGE_DOWN": "Next",
+    "PageDown": "Next",
+    "CAPS_LOCK": "Caps_Lock",
+    "CapsLock": "Caps_Lock",
+    "CTRL": "Control_L",
+    "Ctrl": "Control_L",
+    "CONTROL": "Control_L",
+    "Control": "Control_L",
+    "ALT": "Alt_L",
+    "Alt": "Alt_L",
+    "SHIFT": "Shift_L",
+    "Shift": "Shift_L",
+    "META": "Super_L",
+    "Meta": "Super_L",
+    "SUPER": "Super_L",
+    "Super": "Super_L",
+    "CMD": "Super_L",
+    "COMMAND": "Super_L",
+    "F1": "F1", "F2": "F2", "F3": "F3", "F4": "F4",
+    "F5": "F5", "F6": "F6", "F7": "F7", "F8": "F8",
+    "F9": "F9", "F10": "F10", "F11": "F11", "F12": "F12",
+    "INSERT": "Insert",
+    "Insert": "Insert",
+    "PRINT": "Print",
+    "SCROLLLOCK": "Scroll_Lock",
+    "PAUSE": "Pause",
+    "NUMLOCK": "Num_Lock",
+}
+
+
+def _translate_keys(keys: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+    return [KEYSYM_MAP.get(k, k) for k in keys]
+
+
+def _normalize_button(button) -> str:
+    if button is None:
+        return "left"
+    if isinstance(button, int):
+        return {1: "left", 2: "middle", 3: "right"}.get(button, "left")
+    return str(button)
+
+
+def _translate_cua_action(action: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    action_type = action.get("type", "")
+    if action_type == "click":
+        return {
+            "type": "click_mouse",
+            "click_mouse": {
+                "x": action.get("x", 0),
+                "y": action.get("y", 0),
+                "button": _normalize_button(action.get("button")),
+            },
+        }
+    elif action_type == "double_click":
+        return {
+            "type": "click_mouse",
+            "click_mouse": {
+                "x": action.get("x", 0),
+                "y": action.get("y", 0),
+                "num_clicks": 2,
+            },
+        }
+    elif action_type == "type":
+        return {"type": "type_text", "type_text": {"text": action.get("text", "")}}
+    elif action_type == "keypress":
+        return {"type": "press_key", "press_key": {"keys": _translate_keys(action.get("keys", []))}}
+    elif action_type == "scroll":
+        return {
+            "type": "scroll",
+            "scroll": {
+                "x": action.get("x", 0),
+                "y": action.get("y", 0),
+                "delta_x": action.get("scroll_x", 0),
+                "delta_y": action.get("scroll_y", 0),
+            },
+        }
+    elif action_type == "move":
+        return {"type": "move_mouse", "move_mouse": {"x": action.get("x", 0), "y": action.get("y", 0)}}
+    elif action_type == "drag":
+        path = [[p["x"], p["y"]] for p in action.get("path", [])]
+        return {"type": "drag_mouse", "drag_mouse": {"path": path}}
+    elif action_type == "wait":
+        return {"type": "sleep", "sleep": {"duration_ms": action.get("ms", 1000)}}
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown CUA action type: {action_type}")
+
+
+class KernelComputer:
+    """Wraps Kernel's native computer control API for browser automation."""
+
+    def __init__(self, client: Kernel, session_id: str):
+        self.client = client
+        self.session_id = session_id
+
+    def get_environment(self):
+        return "browser"
+
+    def get_dimensions(self):
+        return (1024, 768)
+
+    def screenshot(self) -> str:
+        resp = self.client.browsers.computer.capture_screenshot(self.session_id)
+        return base64.b64encode(resp.read()).decode("utf-8")
+
+    def click(self, x: int, y: int, button="left") -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.computer.click_mouse(self.session_id, x=x, y=y, button=_normalize_button(button))
+
+    def double_click(self, x: int, y: int) -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.computer.click_mouse(self.session_id, x=x, y=y, num_clicks=2)
+
+    def type(self, text: str) -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.computer.type_text(self.session_id, text=text)
+
+    def keypress(self, keys: List[str]) -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.computer.press_key(self.session_id, keys=_translate_keys(keys))
+
+    def scroll(self, x: int, y: int, scroll_x: int, scroll_y: int) -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.computer.scroll(self.session_id, x=x, y=y, delta_x=scroll_x, delta_y=scroll_y)
+
+    def move(self, x: int, y: int) -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.computer.move_mouse(self.session_id, x=x, y=y)
+
+    def drag(self, path: List[Dict[str, int]]) -> None:
+        p = [[pt["x"], pt["y"]] for pt in path]
+        self.client.browsers.computer.drag_mouse(self.session_id, path=p)
+
+    def wait(self, ms: int = 1000) -> None:
+        time.sleep(ms / 1000)
+
+    def batch_actions(self, actions: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
+        translated = [_translate_cua_action(a) for a in actions]
+        self.client.browsers.computer.batch(self.session_id, actions=translated)
+
+    def goto(self, url: str) -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.playwright.execute(
+            self.session_id, code=f"await page.goto({json.dumps(url)})"
+        )
+
+    def back(self) -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.playwright.execute(self.session_id, code="await page.goBack()")
+
+    def forward(self) -> None:
+        self.client.browsers.playwright.execute(self.session_id, code="await page.goForward()")
+
+    def get_current_url(self) -> str:
+        result = self.client.browsers.playwright.execute(self.session_id, code="return page.url()")
+        return result.result if result.result else ""
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/shared/__init__.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/shared/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29b..00000000
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/shared/base_playwright.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/shared/base_playwright.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c38e24f..00000000
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/computers/shared/base_playwright.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-import time
-import base64
-from typing import List, Dict, Literal
-from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright, Browser, Page
-from utils import check_blocklisted_url
-
-# Optional: key mapping if your model uses "CUA" style keys
-CUA_KEY_TO_PLAYWRIGHT_KEY = {
-    "/": "Divide",
-    "\\": "Backslash",
-    "alt": "Alt",
-    "arrowdown": "ArrowDown",
-    "arrowleft": "ArrowLeft",
-    "arrowright": "ArrowRight",
-    "arrowup": "ArrowUp",
-    "backspace": "Backspace",
-    "capslock": "CapsLock",
-    "cmd": "Meta",
-    "ctrl": "Control",
-    "delete": "Delete",
-    "end": "End",
-    "enter": "Enter",
-    "esc": "Escape",
-    "home": "Home",
-    "insert": "Insert",
-    "option": "Alt",
-    "pagedown": "PageDown",
-    "pageup": "PageUp",
-    "shift": "Shift",
-    "space": " ",
-    "super": "Meta",
-    "tab": "Tab",
-    "win": "Meta",
-}
-
-
-class BasePlaywrightComputer:
-    """
-    Abstract base for Playwright-based computers:
-
-      - Subclasses override `_get_browser_and_page()` to do local or remote connection,
-        returning (Browser, Page).
-      - This base class handles context creation (`__enter__`/`__exit__`),
-        plus standard "Computer" actions like click, scroll, etc.
-      - We also have extra browser actions: `goto(url)` and `back()`.
-    """
-
-    def get_environment(self):
-        return "browser"
-
-    def get_dimensions(self):
-        return (1024, 768)
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self._playwright = None
-        self._browser: Browser | None = None
-        self._page: Page | None = None
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        # Start Playwright and call the subclass hook for getting browser/page
-        self._playwright = sync_playwright().start()
-        self._browser, self._page = self._get_browser_and_page()
-
-        # Set up network interception to flag URLs matching domains in BLOCKED_DOMAINS
-        def handle_route(route, request):
-
-            url = request.url
-            if check_blocklisted_url(url):
-                print(f"Flagging blocked domain: {url}")
-                route.abort()
-            else:
-                route.continue_()
-
-        self._page.route("**/*", handle_route)
-
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-        if self._browser:
-            self._browser.close()
-        if self._playwright:
-            self._playwright.stop()
-
-    def get_current_url(self) -> str:
-        return self._page.url
-
-    # --- Common "Computer" actions ---
-    def screenshot(self) -> str:
-        """Capture only the viewport (not full_page)."""
-        png_bytes = self._page.screenshot(full_page=False)
-        return base64.b64encode(png_bytes).decode("utf-8")
-
-    def click(self, x: int, y: int, button: str = "left") -> None:
-        match button:
-            case "back":
-                self.back()
-            case "forward":
-                self.forward()
-            case "wheel":
-                self._page.mouse.wheel(x, y)
-            case _:
-                button_mapping = {"left": "left", "right": "right"}
-                button_type = button_mapping.get(button, "left")
-                self._page.mouse.click(x, y, button=button_type)
-
-    def double_click(self, x: int, y: int) -> None:
-        self._page.mouse.dblclick(x, y)
-
-    def scroll(self, x: int, y: int, scroll_x: int, scroll_y: int) -> None:
-        self._page.mouse.move(x, y)
-        self._page.evaluate(f"window.scrollBy({scroll_x}, {scroll_y})")
-
-    def type(self, text: str) -> None:
-        self._page.keyboard.type(text)
-
-    def wait(self, ms: int = 1000) -> None:
-        time.sleep(ms / 1000)
-
-    def move(self, x: int, y: int) -> None:
-        self._page.mouse.move(x, y)
-
-    def keypress(self, keys: List[str]) -> None:
-        mapped_keys = [CUA_KEY_TO_PLAYWRIGHT_KEY.get(key.lower(), key) for key in keys]
-        for key in mapped_keys:
-            self._page.keyboard.down(key)
-        for key in reversed(mapped_keys):
-            self._page.keyboard.up(key)
-
-    def drag(self, path: List[Dict[str, int]]) -> None:
-        if not path:
-            return
-        self._page.mouse.move(path[0]["x"], path[0]["y"])
-        self._page.mouse.down()
-        for point in path[1:]:
-            self._page.mouse.move(point["x"], point["y"])
-        self._page.mouse.up()
-
-    # --- Extra browser-oriented actions ---
-    def goto(self, url: str) -> None:
-        try:
-            return self._page.goto(url)
-        except Exception as e:
-            print(f"Error navigating to {url}: {e}")
-
-    def back(self) -> None:
-        return self._page.go_back()
-
-    def forward(self) -> None:
-        return self._page.go_forward()
-
-    # --- Subclass hook ---
-    def _get_browser_and_page(self) -> tuple[Browser, Page]:
-        """Subclasses must implement, returning (Browser, Page)."""
-        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/main.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/main.py
index 6ab17b17..77c6964b 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/main.py
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/main.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 import kernel
 from agent import Agent
-from computers.default import KernelPlaywrightBrowser
+from computers.kernel_computer import KernelComputer
 from kernel import Kernel
 
 """
@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ async def cua_task(
     ctx: kernel.KernelContext,
     payload: CuaInput,
 ) -> CuaOutput:
-    # A function that processes a user task using the kernel browser and agent
-
     if not payload or not payload.get("task"):
         raise ValueError("task is required")
 
@@ -52,55 +50,49 @@ async def cua_task(
         client.browsers.create, invocation_id=ctx.invocation_id, stealth=True
     )
     print("Kernel browser live view url: ", kernel_browser.browser_live_view_url)
-    cdp_ws_url = kernel_browser.cdp_ws_url
 
     def run_agent():
-        with KernelPlaywrightBrowser({"cdp_ws_url": cdp_ws_url}) as computer:
-            # Navigate to DuckDuckGo as starting page (less likely to trigger captchas than Google)
-            computer.goto("https://duckduckgo.com")
-
-            # messages to provide to the agent
-            items = [
-                {
-                    "role": "system",
-                    "content": f"- Current date and time: {datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat()} ({datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%A')})",
-                },
-                {"role": "user", "content": payload["task"]},
-            ]
-
-            # setup the agent
-            agent = Agent(
-                computer=computer,
-                tools=[],  # can provide additional tools to the agent
-                acknowledge_safety_check_callback=lambda message: (
-                    print(f"> agent : safety check message (skipping): {message}")
-                    or True
-                ),  # safety check function , now defaults to true
-            )
-
-            # run the agent
-            response_items = agent.run_full_turn(
-                items,
-                debug=True,
-                show_images=False,
-            )
-
-            if not response_items or "content" not in response_items[-1]:
-                raise ValueError("No response from agent")
-            # The content may be a list of blocks, get the first text block
-            content = response_items[-1]["content"]
-            if (
-                isinstance(content, list)
-                and content
-                and isinstance(content[0], dict)
-                and "text" in content[0]
-            ):
-                result = content[0]["text"]
-            elif isinstance(content, str):
-                result = content
-            else:
-                result = str(content)
-            return {"result": result}
+        computer = KernelComputer(client, kernel_browser.session_id)
+        computer.goto("https://duckduckgo.com")
+
+        items = [
+            {
+                "role": "system",
+                "content": f"- Current date and time: {datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat()} ({datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%A')})",
+            },
+            {"role": "user", "content": payload["task"]},
+        ]
+
+        agent = Agent(
+            computer=computer,
+            tools=[],
+            acknowledge_safety_check_callback=lambda message: (
+                print(f"> agent : safety check message (skipping): {message}")
+                or True
+            ),
+        )
+
+        response_items = agent.run_full_turn(
+            items,
+            debug=True,
+            show_images=False,
+        )
+
+        if not response_items or "content" not in response_items[-1]:
+            raise ValueError("No response from agent")
+        content = response_items[-1]["content"]
+        if (
+            isinstance(content, list)
+            and content
+            and isinstance(content[0], dict)
+            and "text" in content[0]
+        ):
+            result = content[0]["text"]
+        elif isinstance(content, str):
+            result = content
+        else:
+            result = str(content)
+        return {"result": result}
 
     try:
         return await asyncio.to_thread(run_agent)
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/pyproject.toml b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/pyproject.toml
index 3ea73870..47e45577 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/pyproject.toml
@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 dependencies = [
     "httpx>=0.28.1",
-    "pillow>=12.0.0",
-    "kernel>=0.23.0",
-    "playwright>=1.56.0",
-    "pydantic>=2.12.5",
+    "kernel>=0.38.0",
     "python-dotenv>=1.2.1",
     "requests>=2.32.5",
 ]
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/test_local.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/test_local.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7897cd35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/test_local.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""
+Local test script that creates a remote Kernel browser and runs the CUA agent.
+No Kernel app deployment needed.
+
+Usage:
+    KERNEL_API_KEY=... OPENAI_API_KEY=... uv run test_local.py
+"""
+
+import datetime
+import os
+import json
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv(override=True)
+
+from kernel import Kernel
+from agent import Agent
+from computers.kernel_computer import KernelComputer
+
+
+def main():
+    if not os.getenv("KERNEL_API_KEY"):
+        raise ValueError("KERNEL_API_KEY is not set")
+    if not os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"):
+        raise ValueError("OPENAI_API_KEY is not set")
+
+    client = Kernel(api_key=os.getenv("KERNEL_API_KEY"))
+    browser = client.browsers.create(timeout_seconds=300)
+    print(f"> Browser session: {browser.session_id}")
+    print(f"> Live view: {browser.browser_live_view_url}")
+
+    computer = KernelComputer(client, browser.session_id)
+
+    try:
+        computer.goto("https://duckduckgo.com")
+
+        items = [
+            {
+                "role": "system",
+                "content": f"- Current date and time: {datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat()} ({datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%A')})",
+            },
+            {
+                "role": "user",
+                "content": "go to ebay.com and look up oberheim ob-x prices and give me a report",
+            },
+        ]
+
+        agent = Agent(
+            computer=computer,
+            tools=[],
+            acknowledge_safety_check_callback=lambda message: (
+                print(f"> safety check: {message}") or True
+            ),
+        )
+
+        response_items = agent.run_full_turn(
+            items,
+            debug=True,
+            show_images=False,
+        )
+
+        print(json.dumps(response_items, indent=2, default=str))
+    finally:
+        client.browsers.delete_by_id(browser.session_id)
+        print("> Browser session deleted")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/utils.py b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/utils.py
index b17ee811..fe795ad2 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/utils.py
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/utils.py
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 import requests
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 import json
-import base64
-from PIL import Image
-from io import BytesIO
-import io
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 load_dotenv(override=True)
@@ -21,19 +17,19 @@
 
 
 def pp(obj):
-    print(json.dumps(obj, indent=4))
+    print(json.dumps(obj, indent=4, default=str))
 
 
 def show_image(base_64_image):
-    image_data = base64.b64decode(base_64_image)
-    image = Image.open(BytesIO(image_data))
-    image.show()
-
-
-def calculate_image_dimensions(base_64_image):
-    image_data = base64.b64decode(base_64_image)
-    image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
-    return image.size
+    import base64
+    from io import BytesIO
+    try:
+        from PIL import Image
+        image_data = base64.b64decode(base_64_image)
+        image = Image.open(BytesIO(image_data))
+        image.show()
+    except ImportError:
+        print("[show_image] PIL not installed, skipping image display")
 
 
 def sanitize_message(msg: dict) -> dict:
@@ -68,7 +64,10 @@ def create_response(**kwargs):
 
 def check_blocklisted_url(url: str) -> None:
     """Raise ValueError if the given URL (including subdomains) is in the blocklist."""
-    hostname = urlparse(url).hostname or ""
+    try:
+        hostname = urlparse(url).hostname or ""
+    except Exception:
+        return
     if any(
         hostname == blocked or hostname.endswith(f".{blocked}")
         for blocked in BLOCKED_DOMAINS
diff --git a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/uv.lock b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/uv.lock
index 5ab5090c..42620637 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/uv.lock
+++ b/pkg/templates/python/openai-computer-use/uv.lock
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 version = 1
-revision = 2
+revision = 3
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 
 [[package]]
@@ -115,53 +115,6 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/12/b3/231ffd4ab1fc9d679809f356cebee130ac7daa00d6d6f3206dd4fd137e9e/distro-1.9.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7bffd925d65168f85027d8da9af6bddab658135b840670a223589bc0c8ef02b2", size = 20277, upload-time = "2023-12-24T09:54:30.421Z" },
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "greenlet"
-version = "3.3.0"
-source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c7/e5/40dbda2736893e3e53d25838e0f19a2b417dfc122b9989c91918db30b5d3/greenlet-3.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a82bb225a4e9e4d653dd2fb7b8b2d36e4fb25bc0165422a11e48b88e9e6f78fb", size = 190651, upload-time = "2025-12-04T14:49:44.05Z" }
-wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1f/cb/48e964c452ca2b92175a9b2dca037a553036cb053ba69e284650ce755f13/greenlet-3.3.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:e29f3018580e8412d6aaf5641bb7745d38c85228dacf51a73bd4e26ddf2a6a8e", size = 274908, upload-time = "2025-12-04T14:23:26.435Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/28/da/38d7bff4d0277b594ec557f479d65272a893f1f2a716cad91efeb8680953/greenlet-3.3.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_24_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:a687205fb22794e838f947e2194c0566d3812966b41c78709554aa883183fb62", size = 577113, upload-time = "2025-12-04T14:50:05.493Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/f2/89c5eb0faddc3ff014f1c04467d67dee0d1d334ab81fadbf3744847f8a8a/greenlet-3.3.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_24_ppc64le.manylinux_2_28_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:4243050a88ba61842186cb9e63c7dfa677ec146160b0efd73b855a3d9c7fcf32", size = 590338, upload-time = "2025-12-04T14:57:41.136Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/80/d7/db0a5085035d05134f8c089643da2b44cc9b80647c39e93129c5ef170d8f/greenlet-3.3.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_24_s390x.manylinux_2_28_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:670d0f94cd302d81796e37299bcd04b95d62403883b24225c6b5271466612f45", size = 601098, upload-time = "2025-12-04T15:07:11.898Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dc/a6/e959a127b630a58e23529972dbc868c107f9d583b5a9f878fb858c46bc1a/greenlet-3.3.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_24_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6cb3a8ec3db4a3b0eb8a3c25436c2d49e3505821802074969db017b87bc6a948", size = 590206, upload-time = "2025-12-04T14:26:01.254Z" },
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 [[package]]
@@ -444,27 +291,21 @@ wheels = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "pyee"
-version = "13.0.0"
+name = "python-dotenv"
+version = "1.2.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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-    { name = "typing-extensions" },
-]
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/1b/a298b06749107c305e1fe0f814c6c74aea7b2f1e10989cb30f544a1b3253/python_dotenv-1.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b81ee9561e9ca4004139c6cbba3a238c32b03e4894671e181b671e8cb8425d61", size = 21230, upload-time = "2025-10-26T15:12:09.109Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "python-cua"
+name = "python-openai-cua"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = { virtual = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "httpx" },
     { name = "kernel" },
-    { name = "pillow" },
-    { name = "playwright" },
-    { name = "pydantic" },
     { name = "python-dotenv" },
     { name = "requests" },
 ]
@@ -472,23 +313,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
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-    { name = "kernel", specifier = ">=0.23.0" },
-    { name = "pillow", specifier = ">=12.0.0" },
-    { name = "playwright", specifier = ">=1.56.0" },
-    { name = "pydantic", specifier = ">=2.12.5" },
+    { name = "kernel", specifier = ">=0.38.0" },
     { name = "python-dotenv", specifier = ">=1.2.1" },
     { name = "requests", specifier = ">=2.32.5" },
 ]
 
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-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "requests"
 version = "2.32.5"
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/.env.example b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/.env.example
index b74e0a29..3ff84207 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/.env.example
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/.env.example
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-# Copy this file to .env and fill in your API key
+# Copy this file to .env and fill in your API keys
 OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_api_key_here
+KERNEL_API_KEY=your_kernel_api_key_here
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/README.md b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/README.md
index 6ac98411..36f408a9 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/README.md
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,25 @@
 # Kernel TypeScript Sample App - OpenAI Computer Use
 
-This is a Kernel application that demonstrates using the Computer Use Agent (CUA) from OpenAI.
+This is a Kernel application that demonstrates using the Computer Use Agent (CUA) from OpenAI with Kernel's native browser control API.
 
-It generally follows the [OpenAI CUA Sample App Reference](https://github.com/openai/openai-cua-sample-app) and uses Playwright via Kernel for browser automation.
-Also makes use of the latest OpenAI SDK format, and has local equivalent to Kernel methods for local testing before deploying on Kernel.
+It uses Kernel's computer control endpoints (screenshot, click, type, scroll, batch, etc.) instead of Playwright, and includes a `batch_computer_actions` tool that executes multiple actions in a single API call for lower latency.
 
-See the [docs](https://www.kernel.sh/docs/quickstart) for information.
+## Local testing
+
+You can test against a remote Kernel browser without deploying:
+
+```bash
+cp .env.example .env
+# Fill in OPENAI_API_KEY and KERNEL_API_KEY in .env
+pnpm install
+pnpm run test:local
+```
+
+## Deploy to Kernel
+
+```bash
+kernel deploy index.ts --env-file .env
+kernel invoke ts-openai-cua cua-task -p '{"task":"Go to https://news.ycombinator.com and get the top 5 articles"}'
+```
+
+See the [docs](https://www.kernel.sh/docs/quickstart) for more information.
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/index.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/index.ts
index 30c26477..014105fc 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/index.ts
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { Kernel, type KernelContext } from '@onkernel/sdk';
 import 'dotenv/config';
 import type { ResponseItem, ResponseOutputMessage } from 'openai/resources/responses/responses';
 import { Agent } from './lib/agent';
-import computers from './lib/computers';
+import { KernelComputer } from './lib/kernel-computer';
 
 interface CuaInput {
   task: string;
@@ -42,10 +42,9 @@ app.action<CuaInput, CuaOutput>(
     const kb = await kernel.browsers.create({ invocation_id: ctx.invocation_id });
     console.log('> Kernel browser live view url:', kb.browser_live_view_url);
 
-    try {
-      const { computer } = await computers.create({ type: 'kernel', cdp_ws_url: kb.cdp_ws_url });
+    const computer = new KernelComputer(kernel, kb.session_id);
 
-      // Navigate to DuckDuckGo as starting page (less likely to trigger captchas than Google)
+    try {
       await computer.goto('https://duckduckgo.com');
 
       const agent = new Agent({
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ app.action<CuaInput, CuaOutput>(
         },
       });
 
-      // run agent and get response
       const logs = await agent.runFullTurn({
         messages: [
           {
@@ -81,7 +79,6 @@ app.action<CuaInput, CuaOutput>(
 
       const elapsed = parseFloat(((Date.now() - start) / 1000).toFixed(2));
 
-      // filter only LLM messages
       const messages = logs.filter(
         (item): item is ResponseOutputMessage =>
           item.type === 'message' &&
@@ -93,18 +90,11 @@ app.action<CuaInput, CuaOutput>(
       const lastContent = lastContentIndex >= 0 ? assistant?.content?.[lastContentIndex] : null;
       const answer = lastContent && 'text' in lastContent ? lastContent.text : null;
 
-      return {
-        // logs, // optionally, get the full agent run messages logs
-        elapsed,
-        answer,
-      };
+      return { elapsed, answer };
     } catch (error) {
       const elapsed = parseFloat(((Date.now() - start) / 1000).toFixed(2));
       console.error('Error in cua-task:', error);
-      return {
-        elapsed,
-        answer: null,
-      };
+      return { elapsed, answer: null };
     } finally {
       await kernel.browsers.deleteByID(kb.session_id);
     }
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/agent.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/agent.ts
index 97441654..0ff0dbc4 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/agent.ts
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/agent.ts
@@ -7,22 +7,19 @@ import {
   type ResponseComputerToolCall,
   type ResponseComputerToolCallOutputItem,
   type ComputerTool,
+  type Tool,
 } from 'openai/resources/responses/responses';
 
 import * as utils from './utils';
-import toolset from './toolset';
-import type { BasePlaywrightComputer } from './playwright/base';
-import type { LocalPlaywrightComputer } from './playwright/local';
-import type { KernelPlaywrightComputer } from './playwright/kernel';
+import { batchInstructions, batchComputerTool, navigationTools } from './toolset';
+import type { KernelComputer } from './kernel-computer';
+
+const BATCH_FUNC_NAME = 'batch_computer_actions';
 
 export class Agent {
   private model: string;
-  private computer:
-    | BasePlaywrightComputer
-    | LocalPlaywrightComputer
-    | KernelPlaywrightComputer
-    | undefined;
-  private tools: ComputerTool[];
+  private computer: KernelComputer;
+  private tools: Tool[];
   private print_steps = true;
   private debug = false;
   private show_images = false;
@@ -30,28 +27,26 @@ export class Agent {
 
   constructor(opts: {
     model?: string;
-    computer?:
-      | BasePlaywrightComputer
-      | LocalPlaywrightComputer
-      | KernelPlaywrightComputer
-      | undefined;
-    tools?: ComputerTool[];
+    computer: KernelComputer;
+    tools?: Tool[];
     acknowledge_safety_check_callback?: (msg: string) => boolean;
   }) {
     this.model = opts.model ?? 'computer-use-preview';
     this.computer = opts.computer;
-    this.tools = [...toolset.shared, ...(opts.tools ?? [])] as ComputerTool[];
     this.ackCb = opts.acknowledge_safety_check_callback ?? ((): boolean => true);
 
-    if (this.computer) {
-      const [w, h] = this.computer.getDimensions();
-      this.tools.push({
+    const [w, h] = this.computer.getDimensions();
+    this.tools = [
+      ...navigationTools,
+      batchComputerTool,
+      ...(opts.tools ?? []),
+      {
         type: 'computer_use_preview',
         display_width: w,
         display_height: h,
         environment: this.computer.getEnvironment(),
-      });
-    }
+      } as ComputerTool,
+    ];
   }
 
   private debugPrint(...args: unknown[]): void {
@@ -80,10 +75,18 @@ export class Agent {
       const fc = item as ResponseFunctionToolCallItem;
       const argsObj = JSON.parse(fc.arguments) as Record<string, unknown>;
       if (this.print_steps) console.log(`${fc.name}(${JSON.stringify(argsObj)})`);
-      if (this.computer) {
-        const fn = (this.computer as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[fc.name];
-        if (typeof fn === 'function')
-          await (fn as (...a: unknown[]) => unknown)(...Object.values(argsObj));
+
+      if (fc.name === BATCH_FUNC_NAME) {
+        return this.handleBatchCall(fc.call_id, argsObj);
+      }
+
+      // Navigation tools (goto, back, forward)
+      const navFn = (this.computer as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[fc.name];
+      if (typeof navFn === 'function') {
+        await (navFn as (...a: unknown[]) => unknown).call(
+          this.computer,
+          ...Object.values(argsObj),
+        );
       }
       return [
         {
@@ -98,34 +101,99 @@ export class Agent {
       const cc = item as ResponseComputerToolCall;
       const { type: actionType, ...actionArgs } = cc.action;
       if (this.print_steps) console.log(`${actionType}(${JSON.stringify(actionArgs)})`);
-      if (this.computer) {
-        const fn = (this.computer as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[actionType as string];
-        if (typeof fn === 'function') {
-          await (fn as (...a: unknown[]) => unknown)(...Object.values(actionArgs));
-          const screenshot = await this.computer.screenshot();
-          const pending = cc.pending_safety_checks ?? [];
-          for (const { message } of pending)
-            if (!this.ackCb(message)) throw new Error(`Safety check failed: ${message}`);
-          const out: Omit<ResponseComputerToolCallOutputItem, 'id'> = {
-            type: 'computer_call_output',
-            call_id: cc.call_id,
-            // id: "?", // <---- omitting to work - need to determine id source, != call_id
-            acknowledged_safety_checks: pending,
-            output: {
-              type: 'computer_screenshot',
-              image_url: `data:image/webp;base64,${screenshot}`,
-            },
-          };
-          if (this.computer.getEnvironment() === 'browser')
-            utils.checkBlocklistedUrl(this.computer.getCurrentUrl());
-          return [out as ResponseItem];
-        }
+
+      await this.executeComputerAction(actionType as string, cc.action as unknown as Record<string, unknown>);
+      const screenshot = await this.computer.screenshot();
+
+      const pending = cc.pending_safety_checks ?? [];
+      for (const check of pending) {
+        const msg = check.message ?? '';
+        if (!this.ackCb(msg)) throw new Error(`Safety check failed: ${msg}`);
       }
+
+      const currentUrl = await this.computer.getCurrentUrl();
+      utils.checkBlocklistedUrl(currentUrl);
+
+      const out: Omit<ResponseComputerToolCallOutputItem, 'id'> = {
+        type: 'computer_call_output',
+        call_id: cc.call_id,
+        acknowledged_safety_checks: pending,
+        output: {
+          type: 'computer_screenshot',
+          image_url: `data:image/png;base64,${screenshot}`,
+        },
+      };
+      return [out as ResponseItem];
     }
 
     return [];
   }
 
+  private async executeComputerAction(
+    actionType: string,
+    action: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    switch (actionType) {
+      case 'click':
+        await this.computer.click(
+          action.x as number,
+          action.y as number,
+          (action.button as string) ?? 'left',
+        );
+        break;
+      case 'double_click':
+        await this.computer.doubleClick(action.x as number, action.y as number);
+        break;
+      case 'type':
+        await this.computer.type(action.text as string);
+        break;
+      case 'keypress':
+        await this.computer.keypress(action.keys as string[]);
+        break;
+      case 'scroll':
+        await this.computer.scroll(
+          action.x as number,
+          action.y as number,
+          (action.scroll_x as number) ?? 0,
+          (action.scroll_y as number) ?? 0,
+        );
+        break;
+      case 'move':
+        await this.computer.move(action.x as number, action.y as number);
+        break;
+      case 'drag':
+        await this.computer.drag(action.path as Array<{ x: number; y: number }>);
+        break;
+      case 'wait':
+        await this.computer.wait((action.ms as number) ?? 1000);
+        break;
+      case 'screenshot':
+        break;
+      default:
+        console.warn(`Unknown computer action: ${actionType}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async handleBatchCall(
+    callId: string,
+    argsObj: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ): Promise<ResponseItem[]> {
+    const actions = argsObj.actions as unknown as Parameters<typeof this.computer.batchActions>[0];
+    await this.computer.batchActions(actions);
+
+    const screenshot = await this.computer.screenshot();
+    return [
+      {
+        type: 'function_call_output',
+        call_id: callId,
+        output: JSON.stringify([
+          { type: 'text', text: 'Actions executed successfully.' },
+          { type: 'image_url', image_url: `data:image/png;base64,${screenshot}` },
+        ]),
+      } as unknown as ResponseFunctionToolCallOutputItem,
+    ];
+  }
+
   async runFullTurn(opts: {
     messages: ResponseInputItem[];
     print_steps?: boolean;
@@ -141,49 +209,16 @@ export class Agent {
       newItems.length === 0 ||
       (newItems[newItems.length - 1] as ResponseItem & { role?: string }).role !== 'assistant'
     ) {
-      // Add current URL to system message if in browser environment
       const inputMessages = [...opts.messages];
 
-      if (this.computer?.getEnvironment() === 'browser') {
-        const current_url = this.computer.getCurrentUrl();
-        // Find system message by checking if it has a role property with value 'system'
-        const sysIndex = inputMessages.findIndex((msg) => 'role' in msg && msg.role === 'system');
-
-        if (sysIndex >= 0) {
-          const msg = inputMessages[sysIndex];
-          const urlInfo = `\n- Current URL: ${current_url}`;
-
-          // Create a properly typed message based on the original
-          if (msg && 'content' in msg) {
-            if (typeof msg.content === 'string') {
-              // Create a new message with the updated content
-              const updatedMsg = {
-                ...msg,
-                content: msg.content + urlInfo,
-              };
-              // Type assertion to ensure compatibility
-              inputMessages[sysIndex] = updatedMsg as typeof msg;
-            } else if (Array.isArray(msg.content) && msg.content.length > 0) {
-              // Handle array content case
-              const updatedContent = [...msg.content];
-
-              // Check if first item has text property
-              if (updatedContent[0] && 'text' in updatedContent[0]) {
-                updatedContent[0] = {
-                  ...updatedContent[0],
-                  text: updatedContent[0].text + urlInfo,
-                };
-              }
-
-              // Create updated message with new content
-              const updatedMsg = {
-                ...msg,
-                content: updatedContent,
-              };
-              // Type assertion to ensure compatibility
-              inputMessages[sysIndex] = updatedMsg as typeof msg;
-            }
-          }
+      // Append current URL context to system message
+      const currentUrl = await this.computer.getCurrentUrl();
+      const sysIndex = inputMessages.findIndex((msg) => 'role' in msg && msg.role === 'system');
+      if (sysIndex >= 0) {
+        const msg = inputMessages[sysIndex];
+        const urlInfo = `\n- Current URL: ${currentUrl}`;
+        if (msg && 'content' in msg && typeof msg.content === 'string') {
+          inputMessages[sysIndex] = { ...msg, content: msg.content + urlInfo } as typeof msg;
         }
       }
 
@@ -193,6 +228,7 @@ export class Agent {
         input: [...inputMessages, ...newItems],
         tools: this.tools,
         truncation: 'auto',
+        instructions: batchInstructions,
       });
       if (!response.output) throw new Error('No output from model');
       for (const msg of response.output as ResponseItem[]) {
@@ -200,7 +236,6 @@ export class Agent {
       }
     }
 
-    // Return sanitized messages if show_images is false
     return !this.show_images
       ? newItems.map((msg) => utils.sanitizeMessage(msg) as ResponseItem)
       : newItems;
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/computers.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/computers.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 5828fc8e..00000000
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/computers.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-import { KernelPlaywrightComputer } from './playwright/kernel';
-import { LocalPlaywrightComputer } from './playwright/local';
-
-interface KernelConfig {
-  type: 'kernel';
-  cdp_ws_url: string;
-}
-interface LocalConfig {
-  type: 'local';
-  headless?: boolean;
-}
-type ComputerConfig = KernelConfig | LocalConfig;
-
-export default {
-  async create(
-    cfg: ComputerConfig,
-  ): Promise<{ computer: KernelPlaywrightComputer | LocalPlaywrightComputer }> {
-    if (cfg.type === 'kernel') {
-      const computer = new KernelPlaywrightComputer(cfg.cdp_ws_url);
-      await computer.enter();
-      return { computer };
-    } else {
-      const computer = new LocalPlaywrightComputer(cfg.headless ?? false);
-      await computer.enter();
-      return { computer };
-    }
-  },
-};
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/kernel-computer.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/kernel-computer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2f32264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/kernel-computer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import { Kernel } from '@onkernel/sdk';
+
+// CUA model key names -> X11 keysym names for the Kernel computer API
+const KEYSYM_MAP: Record<string, string> = {
+  ENTER: 'Return',
+  Enter: 'Return',
+  RETURN: 'Return',
+  BACKSPACE: 'BackSpace',
+  Backspace: 'BackSpace',
+  DELETE: 'Delete',
+  TAB: 'Tab',
+  ESCAPE: 'Escape',
+  Escape: 'Escape',
+  ESC: 'Escape',
+  SPACE: 'space',
+  Space: 'space',
+  UP: 'Up',
+  DOWN: 'Down',
+  LEFT: 'Left',
+  RIGHT: 'Right',
+  HOME: 'Home',
+  END: 'End',
+  PAGEUP: 'Prior',
+  PAGE_UP: 'Prior',
+  PageUp: 'Prior',
+  PAGEDOWN: 'Next',
+  PAGE_DOWN: 'Next',
+  PageDown: 'Next',
+  CAPS_LOCK: 'Caps_Lock',
+  CapsLock: 'Caps_Lock',
+  CTRL: 'Control_L',
+  Ctrl: 'Control_L',
+  CONTROL: 'Control_L',
+  Control: 'Control_L',
+  ALT: 'Alt_L',
+  Alt: 'Alt_L',
+  SHIFT: 'Shift_L',
+  Shift: 'Shift_L',
+  META: 'Super_L',
+  Meta: 'Super_L',
+  SUPER: 'Super_L',
+  Super: 'Super_L',
+  CMD: 'Super_L',
+  COMMAND: 'Super_L',
+  F1: 'F1',
+  F2: 'F2',
+  F3: 'F3',
+  F4: 'F4',
+  F5: 'F5',
+  F6: 'F6',
+  F7: 'F7',
+  F8: 'F8',
+  F9: 'F9',
+  F10: 'F10',
+  F11: 'F11',
+  F12: 'F12',
+  INSERT: 'Insert',
+  Insert: 'Insert',
+  PRINT: 'Print',
+  SCROLLLOCK: 'Scroll_Lock',
+  PAUSE: 'Pause',
+  NUMLOCK: 'Num_Lock',
+};
+
+function translateKeys(keys: string[]): string[] {
+  return keys.map((k) => KEYSYM_MAP[k] ?? k);
+}
+
+interface CuaAction {
+  type: string;
+  x?: number;
+  y?: number;
+  text?: string;
+  keys?: string[];
+  button?: string | number;
+  scroll_x?: number;
+  scroll_y?: number;
+  ms?: number;
+  path?: Array<{ x: number; y: number }>;
+}
+
+type BatchAction = {
+  type: 'click_mouse' | 'move_mouse' | 'type_text' | 'press_key' | 'scroll' | 'drag_mouse' | 'sleep';
+  click_mouse?: { x: number; y: number; button?: string; num_clicks?: number };
+  move_mouse?: { x: number; y: number };
+  type_text?: { text: string };
+  press_key?: { keys: string[] };
+  scroll?: { x: number; y: number; delta_x?: number; delta_y?: number };
+  drag_mouse?: { path: number[][] };
+  sleep?: { duration_ms: number };
+};
+
+function normalizeButton(button?: string | number): string {
+  if (button === undefined || button === null) return 'left';
+  if (typeof button === 'number') {
+    switch (button) {
+      case 1: return 'left';
+      case 2: return 'middle';
+      case 3: return 'right';
+      default: return 'left';
+    }
+  }
+  return button;
+}
+
+function translateCuaAction(action: CuaAction): BatchAction {
+  switch (action.type) {
+    case 'click':
+      return {
+        type: 'click_mouse',
+        click_mouse: { x: action.x ?? 0, y: action.y ?? 0, button: normalizeButton(action.button) },
+      };
+    case 'double_click':
+      return {
+        type: 'click_mouse',
+        click_mouse: { x: action.x ?? 0, y: action.y ?? 0, num_clicks: 2 },
+      };
+    case 'type':
+      return { type: 'type_text', type_text: { text: action.text ?? '' } };
+    case 'keypress':
+      return { type: 'press_key', press_key: { keys: translateKeys(action.keys ?? []) } };
+    case 'scroll':
+      return {
+        type: 'scroll',
+        scroll: {
+          x: action.x ?? 0,
+          y: action.y ?? 0,
+          delta_x: action.scroll_x ?? 0,
+          delta_y: action.scroll_y ?? 0,
+        },
+      };
+    case 'move':
+      return { type: 'move_mouse', move_mouse: { x: action.x ?? 0, y: action.y ?? 0 } };
+    case 'drag': {
+      const path = (action.path ?? []).map((p) => [p.x, p.y]);
+      return { type: 'drag_mouse', drag_mouse: { path } };
+    }
+    case 'wait':
+      return { type: 'sleep', sleep: { duration_ms: action.ms ?? 1000 } };
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`Unknown CUA action type: ${action.type}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export class KernelComputer {
+  private client: Kernel;
+  private sessionId: string;
+  private width = 1024;
+  private height = 768;
+
+  constructor(client: Kernel, sessionId: string) {
+    this.client = client;
+    this.sessionId = sessionId;
+  }
+
+  getEnvironment(): 'browser' {
+    return 'browser';
+  }
+
+  getDimensions(): [number, number] {
+    return [this.width, this.height];
+  }
+
+  async screenshot(): Promise<string> {
+    const resp = await this.client.browsers.computer.captureScreenshot(this.sessionId);
+    const buf = Buffer.from(await resp.arrayBuffer());
+    return buf.toString('base64');
+  }
+
+  async click(x: number, y: number, button: string | number = 'left'): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.computer.clickMouse(this.sessionId, {
+      x,
+      y,
+      button: normalizeButton(button) as 'left' | 'right' | 'middle',
+    });
+  }
+
+  async doubleClick(x: number, y: number): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.computer.clickMouse(this.sessionId, { x, y, num_clicks: 2 });
+  }
+
+  async type(text: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.computer.typeText(this.sessionId, { text });
+  }
+
+  async keypress(keys: string[]): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.computer.pressKey(this.sessionId, { keys: translateKeys(keys) });
+  }
+
+  async scroll(x: number, y: number, scrollX: number, scrollY: number): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.computer.scroll(this.sessionId, {
+      x,
+      y,
+      delta_x: scrollX,
+      delta_y: scrollY,
+    });
+  }
+
+  async move(x: number, y: number): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.computer.moveMouse(this.sessionId, { x, y });
+  }
+
+  async drag(path: Array<{ x: number; y: number }>): Promise<void> {
+    const p = path.map((pt) => [pt.x, pt.y]);
+    await this.client.browsers.computer.dragMouse(this.sessionId, { path: p });
+  }
+
+  async wait(ms = 1000): Promise<void> {
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+  }
+
+  async batchActions(actions: CuaAction[]): Promise<void> {
+    const translated = actions.map(translateCuaAction);
+    await this.client.browsers.computer.batch(this.sessionId, {
+      actions: translated as Parameters<typeof this.client.browsers.computer.batch>[1]['actions'],
+    });
+  }
+
+  async goto(url: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.playwright.execute(this.sessionId, {
+      code: `await page.goto(${JSON.stringify(url)})`,
+    });
+  }
+
+  async back(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.playwright.execute(this.sessionId, {
+      code: 'await page.goBack()',
+    });
+  }
+
+  async forward(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.browsers.playwright.execute(this.sessionId, {
+      code: 'await page.goForward()',
+    });
+  }
+
+  async getCurrentUrl(): Promise<string> {
+    const result = await this.client.browsers.playwright.execute(this.sessionId, {
+      code: 'return page.url()',
+    });
+    return (result.result as string) ?? '';
+  }
+}
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/base.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/base.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index b43a7d2d..00000000
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/base.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,242 +0,0 @@
-import type { Browser, Page, Request, Response, Route } from 'playwright-core';
-import sharp from 'sharp';
-import utils from '../utils';
-
-// CUA key -> Playwright key mapping
-const KEY_MAP: Record<string, string> = {
-  '/': '/',
-  '\\': '\\',
-  alt: 'Alt',
-  arrowdown: 'ArrowDown',
-  arrowleft: 'ArrowLeft',
-  arrowright: 'ArrowRight',
-  arrowup: 'ArrowUp',
-  backspace: 'Backspace',
-  capslock: 'CapsLock',
-  cmd: 'Meta',
-  ctrl: 'Control',
-  delete: 'Delete',
-  end: 'End',
-  enter: 'Enter',
-  esc: 'Escape',
-  home: 'Home',
-  insert: 'Insert',
-  option: 'Alt',
-  pagedown: 'PageDown',
-  pageup: 'PageUp',
-  shift: 'Shift',
-  space: ' ',
-  super: 'Meta',
-  tab: 'Tab',
-  win: 'Meta',
-};
-
-interface Point {
-  x: number;
-  y: number;
-}
-
-export class BasePlaywrightComputer {
-  protected _browser: Browser | null = null;
-  protected _page: Page | null = null;
-
-  constructor() {
-    this._browser = null;
-    this._page = null;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Type guard to assert that this._page is present and is a Playwright Page.
-   * Throws an error if not present.
-   */
-  protected _assertPage(): asserts this is { _page: Page } {
-    if (!this._page) {
-      throw new Error('Playwright Page is not initialized. Did you forget to call enter()?');
-    }
-  }
-
-  protected _handleNewPage = (page: Page): void => {
-    /** Handle the creation of a new page. */
-    console.log('New page created');
-    this._page = page;
-    page.on('close', this._handlePageClose.bind(this));
-  };
-
-  protected _handlePageClose = (page: Page): void => {
-    /** Handle the closure of a page. */
-    console.log('Page closed');
-    try {
-      this._assertPage();
-    } catch {
-      return;
-    }
-    if (this._page !== page) return;
-
-    const browser = this._browser;
-    if (!browser || typeof browser.contexts !== 'function') {
-      console.log('Warning: Browser or context not available.');
-      this._page = undefined as unknown as Page;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const contexts = browser.contexts();
-    if (!contexts.length) {
-      console.log('Warning: No browser contexts available.');
-      this._page = undefined as unknown as Page;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const context = contexts[0];
-    if (!context || typeof context.pages !== 'function') {
-      console.log('Warning: Context pages not available.');
-      this._page = undefined as unknown as Page;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const pages = context.pages();
-    if (pages.length) {
-      this._page = pages[pages.length - 1] as Page;
-    } else {
-      console.log('Warning: All pages have been closed.');
-      this._page = undefined as unknown as Page;
-    }
-  };
-
-  // Subclass hook
-  protected _getBrowserAndPage = async (): Promise<[Browser, Page]> => {
-    // Subclasses must implement, returning [Browser, Page]
-    throw new Error('Subclasses must implement _getBrowserAndPage()');
-  };
-
-  getEnvironment = (): 'windows' | 'mac' | 'linux' | 'ubuntu' | 'browser' => {
-    return 'browser';
-  };
-
-  getDimensions = (): [number, number] => {
-    return [1024, 768];
-  };
-
-  enter = async (): Promise<this> => {
-    // Call the subclass hook for getting browser/page
-    [this._browser, this._page] = await this._getBrowserAndPage();
-
-    // Set up network interception to flag URLs matching domains in BLOCKED_DOMAINS
-    const handleRoute = (route: Route, request: Request): void => {
-      const url = request.url();
-      if (utils.checkBlocklistedUrl(url)) {
-        console.log(`Flagging blocked domain: ${url}`);
-        route.abort();
-      } else {
-        route.continue();
-      }
-    };
-
-    this._assertPage();
-    await this._page.route('**/*', handleRoute);
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  exit = async (): Promise<void> => {
-    if (this._browser) await this._browser.close();
-  };
-
-  getCurrentUrl = (): string => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    return this._page.url();
-  };
-
-  screenshot = async (): Promise<string> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    const buf = await this._page.screenshot({ fullPage: false });
-    const webp = await sharp(buf).webp().toBuffer();
-    return webp.toString('base64');
-  };
-
-  click = async (
-    button: 'left' | 'right' | 'back' | 'forward' | 'wheel',
-    x: number,
-    y: number,
-  ): Promise<void> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    switch (button) {
-      case 'back':
-        await this.back();
-        return;
-      case 'forward':
-        await this.forward();
-        return;
-      case 'wheel':
-        await this._page.mouse.wheel(x, y);
-        return;
-      default: {
-        const btn = button === 'right' ? 'right' : 'left';
-        await this._page.mouse.click(x, y, { button: btn });
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  doubleClick = async (x: number, y: number): Promise<void> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    await this._page.mouse.dblclick(x, y);
-  };
-
-  scroll = async (x: number, y: number, scrollX: number, scrollY: number): Promise<void> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    await this._page.mouse.move(x, y);
-    await this._page.evaluate(
-      (params: { dx: number; dy: number }) => window.scrollBy(params.dx, params.dy),
-      { dx: scrollX, dy: scrollY },
-    );
-  };
-
-  type = async (text: string): Promise<void> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    await this._page.keyboard.type(text);
-  };
-
-  keypress = async (keys: string[]): Promise<void> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    const mapped = keys.map((k) => KEY_MAP[k.toLowerCase()] ?? k);
-    for (const k of mapped) await this._page.keyboard.down(k);
-    for (const k of [...mapped].reverse()) await this._page.keyboard.up(k);
-  };
-
-  wait = async (ms = 1000): Promise<void> => {
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
-  };
-
-  move = async (x: number, y: number): Promise<void> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    await this._page.mouse.move(x, y);
-  };
-
-  drag = async (path: Point[]): Promise<void> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    const first = path[0];
-    if (!first) return;
-    await this._page.mouse.move(first.x, first.y);
-    await this._page.mouse.down();
-    for (const pt of path.slice(1)) await this._page.mouse.move(pt.x, pt.y);
-    await this._page.mouse.up();
-  };
-
-  goto = async (url: string): Promise<Response | null> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    try {
-      return await this._page.goto(url);
-    } catch {
-      return null;
-    }
-  };
-
-  back = async (): Promise<Response | null> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    return (await this._page.goBack()) || null;
-  };
-
-  forward = async (): Promise<Response | null> => {
-    this._assertPage();
-    return (await this._page.goForward()) || null;
-  };
-}
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/kernel.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/kernel.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 4dd0c869..00000000
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/kernel.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-import { chromium, type Browser, type Page } from 'playwright-core';
-import { BasePlaywrightComputer } from './base';
-
-/**
- * KernelPlaywrightComputer connects to a remote browser instance via CDP WebSocket URL.
- * Similar to LocalPlaywrightComputer but uses an existing browser instance instead of launching one.
- */
-export class KernelPlaywrightComputer extends BasePlaywrightComputer {
-  private cdp_ws_url: string;
-
-  constructor(cdp_ws_url: string) {
-    super();
-    this.cdp_ws_url = cdp_ws_url;
-  }
-
-  _getBrowserAndPage = async (): Promise<[Browser, Page]> => {
-    const [width, height] = this.getDimensions();
-
-    // Connect to existing browser instance via CDP
-    const browser = await chromium.connectOverCDP(this.cdp_ws_url);
-
-    // Get existing context or create new one
-    let context = browser.contexts()[0];
-    if (!context) {
-      context = await browser.newContext();
-    }
-
-    // Add event listeners for page creation and closure
-    context.on('page', this._handleNewPage.bind(this));
-
-    // Get existing page or create new one
-    let page = context.pages()[0];
-    if (!page) {
-      page = await context.newPage();
-    }
-
-    // Set viewport size
-    await page.setViewportSize({ width, height });
-    page.on('close', this._handlePageClose.bind(this));
-
-    return [browser, page];
-  };
-}
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/local.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/local.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index d0437801..00000000
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/playwright/local.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-import { chromium, type Browser, type Page } from 'playwright-core';
-import { BasePlaywrightComputer } from './base';
-
-/**
- * Launches a local Chromium instance using Playwright.
- */
-export class LocalPlaywrightComputer extends BasePlaywrightComputer {
-  private headless: boolean;
-
-  constructor(headless = false) {
-    super();
-    this.headless = headless;
-  }
-
-  _getBrowserAndPage = async (): Promise<[Browser, Page]> => {
-    const [width, height] = this.getDimensions();
-    const launchArgs = [
-      `--window-size=${width},${height}`,
-      '--disable-extensions',
-      '--disable-file-system',
-    ];
-
-    const browser = await chromium.launch({
-      headless: this.headless,
-      args: launchArgs,
-      env: { DISPLAY: ':0' },
-    });
-
-    const context = await browser.newContext();
-
-    // Add event listeners for page creation and closure
-    context.on('page', this._handleNewPage.bind(this));
-
-    const page = await context.newPage();
-    await page.setViewportSize({ width, height });
-    page.on('close', this._handlePageClose.bind(this));
-
-    await page.goto('https://duckduckgo.com');
-
-    // console.dir({debug_getBrowserAndPage: [browser, page]});
-    return [browser, page];
-  };
-}
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/toolset.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/toolset.ts
index 2999d0bd..4cd39321 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/toolset.ts
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/toolset.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,57 @@
-const shared = [
+export const batchInstructions = `You have two ways to perform actions:
+1. The standard computer tool — use for single actions when you need screenshot feedback after each step.
+2. batch_computer_actions — use to execute multiple actions at once when you can predict the outcome.
+
+ALWAYS prefer batch_computer_actions when performing predictable sequences like:
+- Clicking a text field, typing text, and pressing Enter
+- Typing a URL and pressing Enter
+- Any sequence where you don't need to see intermediate results`;
+
+export const batchComputerTool = {
+  type: 'function' as const,
+  name: 'batch_computer_actions',
+  description:
+    'Execute multiple computer actions in sequence without waiting for ' +
+    'screenshots between them. Use this when you can predict the outcome of a ' +
+    'sequence of actions without needing intermediate visual feedback. After all ' +
+    'actions execute, a single screenshot is taken and returned.\n\n' +
+    'PREFER this over individual computer actions when:\n' +
+    '- Typing text followed by pressing Enter\n' +
+    '- Clicking a field and then typing into it\n' +
+    '- Any sequence where intermediate screenshots are not needed',
+  parameters: {
+    type: 'object',
+    properties: {
+      actions: {
+        type: 'array',
+        description: 'Ordered list of actions to execute',
+        items: {
+          type: 'object',
+          properties: {
+            type: {
+              type: 'string',
+              enum: ['click', 'double_click', 'type', 'keypress', 'scroll', 'move', 'drag', 'wait'],
+            },
+            x: { type: 'number' },
+            y: { type: 'number' },
+            text: { type: 'string' },
+            keys: { type: 'array', items: { type: 'string' } },
+            button: { type: 'string' },
+            scroll_x: { type: 'number' },
+            scroll_y: { type: 'number' },
+          },
+          required: ['type'],
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    required: ['actions'],
+  },
+  strict: false,
+};
+
+export const navigationTools = [
   {
-    type: 'function',
+    type: 'function' as const,
     name: 'goto',
     description: 'Go to a specific URL.',
     parameters: {
@@ -14,9 +65,10 @@ const shared = [
       additionalProperties: false,
       required: ['url'],
     },
+    strict: false,
   },
   {
-    type: 'function',
+    type: 'function' as const,
     name: 'back',
     description: 'Navigate back in the browser history.',
     parameters: {
@@ -24,9 +76,10 @@ const shared = [
       properties: {},
       additionalProperties: false,
     },
+    strict: false,
   },
   {
-    type: 'function',
+    type: 'function' as const,
     name: 'forward',
     description: 'Navigate forward in the browser history.',
     parameters: {
@@ -34,7 +87,6 @@ const shared = [
       properties: {},
       additionalProperties: false,
     },
+    strict: false,
   },
 ];
-
-export default { shared };
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/utils.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/utils.ts
index f2dc0fd5..da503cd8 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/utils.ts
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/lib/utils.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import 'dotenv/config';
-import sharp from 'sharp';
 import OpenAI from 'openai';
 import { type ResponseItem } from 'openai/resources/responses/responses';
 const openai = new OpenAI();
@@ -13,13 +12,6 @@ const BLOCKED_DOMAINS: readonly string[] = [
   'ilanbigio.com',
 ] as const;
 
-export async function calculateImageDimensions(
-  base64Image: string,
-): Promise<{ width: number; height: number }> {
-  const buf = Buffer.from(base64Image, 'base64');
-  const meta = await sharp(buf).metadata();
-  return { width: meta.width ?? 0, height: meta.height ?? 0 };
-}
 export function sanitizeMessage(msg: ResponseItem): ResponseItem {
   const sanitizedMsg = { ...msg } as ResponseItem;
   if (
@@ -49,12 +41,15 @@ export async function createResponse(
 }
 
 export function checkBlocklistedUrl(url: string): boolean {
-  const host = new URL(url).hostname;
-  return BLOCKED_DOMAINS.some((d) => host === d || host.endsWith(`.${d}`));
+  try {
+    const host = new URL(url).hostname;
+    return BLOCKED_DOMAINS.some((d) => host === d || host.endsWith(`.${d}`));
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
 }
 
 export default {
-  calculateImageDimensions,
   sanitizeMessage,
   createResponse,
   checkBlocklistedUrl,
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/package.json b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/package.json
index bdfa99dc..7fdc55b4 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/package.json
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/package.json
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
   "type": "module",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
-    "build": "tsc"
+    "build": "tsc",
+    "test:local": "npx tsx test.local.ts"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@onkernel/sdk": "^0.23.0",
+    "@onkernel/sdk": "^0.38.0",
     "dotenv": "^17.2.3",
-    "openai": "^6.13.0",
-    "playwright-core": "^1.57.0",
-    "sharp": "^0.34.5"
+    "openai": "^6.13.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@types/node": "^22.15.17",
+    "tsx": "^4.19.0",
     "typescript": "^5.9.3"
   }
 }
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/pnpm-lock.yaml
index c3737350..39dc64d1 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -9,186 +9,208 @@ importers:
   .:
     dependencies:
       '@onkernel/sdk':
-        specifier: ^0.23.0
-        version: 0.23.0
+        specifier: ^0.38.0
+        version: 0.38.0
       dotenv:
         specifier: ^17.2.3
-        version: 17.2.3
+        version: 17.3.1
       openai:
         specifier: ^6.13.0
-        version: 6.13.0
-      playwright-core:
-        specifier: ^1.57.0
-        version: 1.57.0
-      sharp:
-        specifier: ^0.34.5
-        version: 0.34.5
+        version: 6.25.0
     devDependencies:
       '@types/node':
         specifier: ^22.15.17
-        version: 22.19.3
+        version: 22.19.11
+      tsx:
+        specifier: ^4.19.0
+        version: 4.21.0
       typescript:
         specifier: ^5.9.3
         version: 5.9.3
 
 packages:
 
-  '@emnapi/runtime@1.7.1':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-PVtJr5CmLwYAU9PZDMITZoR5iAOShYREoR45EyyLrbntV50mdePTgUn4AmOw90Ifcj+x2kRjdzr1HP3RrNiHGA==}
+  '@esbuild/aix-ppc64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9fJMTNFTWZMh5qwrBItuziu834eOCUcEqymSH7pY+zoMVEZg3gcPuBNxH1EvfVYe9h0x/Ptw8KBzv7qxb7l8dg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    cpu: [ppc64]
+    os: [aix]
+
+  '@esbuild/android-arm64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-YdghPYUmj/FX2SYKJ0OZxf+iaKgMsKHVPF1MAq/P8WirnSpCStzKJFjOjzsW0QQ7oIAiccHdcqjbHmJxRb/dmg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    cpu: [arm64]
+    os: [android]
 
-  '@img/colour@1.0.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-A5P/LfWGFSl6nsckYtjw9da+19jB8hkJ6ACTGcDfEJ0aE+l2n2El7dsVM7UVHZQ9s2lmYMWlrS21YLy2IR1LUw==}
+  '@esbuild/android-arm@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-i5D1hPY7GIQmXlXhs2w8AWHhenb00+GxjxRncS2ZM7YNVGNfaMxgzSGuO8o8SJzRc/oZwU2bcScvVERk03QhzA==}
     engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    cpu: [arm]
+    os: [android]
 
-  '@img/sharp-darwin-arm64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-imtQ3WMJXbMY4fxb/Ndp6HBTNVtWCUI0WdobyheGf5+ad6xX8VIDO8u2xE4qc/fr08CKG/7dDseFtn6M6g/r3w==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/android-x64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-IN/0BNTkHtk8lkOM8JWAYFg4ORxBkZQf9zXiEOfERX/CzxW3Vg1ewAhU7QSWQpVIzTW+b8Xy+lGzdYXV6UZObQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    cpu: [x64]
+    os: [android]
+
+  '@esbuild/darwin-arm64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Re491k7ByTVRy0t3EKWajdLIr0gz2kKKfzafkth4Q8A5n1xTHrkqZgLLjFEHVD+AXdUGgQMq+Godfq45mGpCKg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [arm64]
     os: [darwin]
 
-  '@img/sharp-darwin-x64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-YNEFAF/4KQ/PeW0N+r+aVVsoIY0/qxxikF2SWdp+NRkmMB7y9LBZAVqQ4yhGCm/H3H270OSykqmQMKLBhBJDEw==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/darwin-x64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-vHk/hA7/1AckjGzRqi6wbo+jaShzRowYip6rt6q7VYEDX4LEy1pZfDpdxCBnGtl+A5zq8iXDcyuxwtv3hNtHFg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [darwin]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-zqjjo7RatFfFoP0MkQ51jfuFZBnVE2pRiaydKJ1G/rHZvnsrHAOcQALIi9sA5co5xenQdTugCvtb1cuf78Vf4g==}
+  '@esbuild/freebsd-arm64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ipTYM2fjt3kQAYOvo6vcxJx3nBYAzPjgTCk7QEgZG8AUO3ydUhvelmhrbOheMnGOlaSFUoHXB6un+A7q4ygY9w==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [arm64]
-    os: [darwin]
+    os: [freebsd]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-1IOd5xfVhlGwX+zXv2N93k0yMONvUlANylbJw1eTah8K/Jtpi15KC+WSiaX/nBmbm2HxRM1gZ0nSdjSsrZbGKg==}
+  '@esbuild/freebsd-x64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-dDk0X87T7mI6U3K9VjWtHOXqwAMJBNN2r7bejDsc+j03SEjtD9HrOl8gVFByeM0aJksoUuUVU9TBaZa2rgj0oA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [x64]
-    os: [darwin]
+    os: [freebsd]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-excjX8DfsIcJ10x1Kzr4RcWe1edC9PquDRRPx3YVCvQv+U5p7Yin2s32ftzikXojb1PIFc/9Mt28/y+iRklkrw==}
+  '@esbuild/linux-arm64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-sZOuFz/xWnZ4KH3YfFrKCf1WyPZHakVzTiqji3WDc0BCl2kBwiJLCXpzLzUBLgmp4veFZdvN5ChW4Eq/8Fc2Fg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [arm64]
     os: [linux]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-bFI7xcKFELdiNCVov8e44Ia4u2byA+l3XtsAj+Q8tfCwO6BQ8iDojYdvoPMqsKDkuoOo+X6HZA0s0q11ANMQ8A==}
+  '@esbuild/linux-arm@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-s6nPv2QkSupJwLYyfS+gwdirm0ukyTFNl3KTgZEAiJDd+iHZcbTPPcWCcRYH+WlNbwChgH2QkE9NSlNrMT8Gfw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [arm]
     os: [linux]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-FMuvGijLDYG6lW+b/UvyilUWu5Ayu+3r2d1S8notiGCIyYU/76eig1UfMmkZ7vwgOrzKzlQbFSuQfgm7GYUPpA==}
+  '@esbuild/linux-ia32@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-yGlQYjdxtLdh0a3jHjuwOrxQjOZYD/C9PfdbgJJF3TIZWnm/tMd/RcNiLngiu4iwcBAOezdnSLAwQDPqTmtTYg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    cpu: [ia32]
+    os: [linux]
+
+  '@esbuild/linux-loong64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-WO60Sn8ly3gtzhyjATDgieJNet/KqsDlX5nRC5Y3oTFcS1l0KWba+SEa9Ja1GfDqSF1z6hif/SkpQJbL63cgOA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    cpu: [loong64]
+    os: [linux]
+
+  '@esbuild/linux-mips64el@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-APsymYA6sGcZ4pD6k+UxbDjOFSvPWyZhjaiPyl/f79xKxwTnrn5QUnXR5prvetuaSMsb4jgeHewIDCIWljrSxw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    cpu: [mips64el]
+    os: [linux]
+
+  '@esbuild/linux-ppc64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-eizBnTeBefojtDb9nSh4vvVQ3V9Qf9Df01PfawPcRzJH4gFSgrObw+LveUyDoKU3kxi5+9RJTCWlj4FjYXVPEA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [ppc64]
     os: [linux]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-riscv64@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-oVDbcR4zUC0ce82teubSm+x6ETixtKZBh/qbREIOcI3cULzDyb18Sr/Wcyx7NRQeQzOiHTNbZFF1UwPS2scyGA==}
+  '@esbuild/linux-riscv64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-3Emwh0r5wmfm3ssTWRQSyVhbOHvqegUDRd0WhmXKX2mkHJe1SFCMJhagUleMq+Uci34wLSipf8Lagt4LlpRFWQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [riscv64]
     os: [linux]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-qmp9VrzgPgMoGZyPvrQHqk02uyjA0/QrTO26Tqk6l4ZV0MPWIW6LTkqOIov+J1yEu7MbFQaDpwdwJKhbJvuRxQ==}
+  '@esbuild/linux-s390x@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-pBHUx9LzXWBc7MFIEEL0yD/ZVtNgLytvx60gES28GcWMqil8ElCYR4kvbV2BDqsHOvVDRrOxGySBM9Fcv744hw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [s390x]
     os: [linux]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-tJxiiLsmHc9Ax1bz3oaOYBURTXGIRDODBqhveVHonrHJ9/+k89qbLl0bcJns+e4t4rvaNBxaEZsFtSfAdquPrw==}
+  '@esbuild/linux-x64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Czi8yzXUWIQYAtL/2y6vogER8pvcsOsk5cpwL4Gk5nJqH5UZiVByIY8Eorm5R13gq+DQKYg0+JyQoytLQas4dA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [linux]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-FVQHuwx1IIuNow9QAbYUzJ+En8KcVm9Lk5+uGUQJHaZmMECZmOlix9HnH7n1TRkXMS0pGxIJokIVB9SuqZGGXw==}
+  '@esbuild/netbsd-arm64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-sDpk0RgmTCR/5HguIZa9n9u+HVKf40fbEUt+iTzSnCaGvY9kFP0YKBWZtJaraonFnqef5SlJ8/TiPAxzyS+UoA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [arm64]
-    os: [linux]
+    os: [netbsd]
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64@1.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-+LpyBk7L44ZIXwz/VYfglaX/okxezESc6UxDSoyo2Ks6Jxc4Y7sGjpgU9s4PMgqgjj1gZCylTieNamqA1MF7Dg==}
+  '@esbuild/netbsd-x64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-P14lFKJl/DdaE00LItAukUdZO5iqNH7+PjoBm+fLQjtxfcfFE20Xf5CrLsmZdq5LFFZzb5JMZ9grUwvtVYzjiA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [x64]
-    os: [linux]
+    os: [netbsd]
 
-  '@img/sharp-linux-arm64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-bKQzaJRY/bkPOXyKx5EVup7qkaojECG6NLYswgktOZjaXecSAeCWiZwwiFf3/Y+O1HrauiE3FVsGxFg8c24rZg==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/openbsd-arm64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-AIcMP77AvirGbRl/UZFTq5hjXK+2wC7qFRGoHSDrZ5v5b8DK/GYpXW3CPRL53NkvDqb9D+alBiC/dV0Fb7eJcw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [arm64]
-    os: [linux]
+    os: [openbsd]
 
-  '@img/sharp-linux-arm@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9dLqsvwtg1uuXBGZKsxem9595+ujv0sJ6Vi8wcTANSFpwV/GONat5eCkzQo/1O6zRIkh0m/8+5BjrRr7jDUSZw==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
-    cpu: [arm]
-    os: [linux]
-
-  '@img/sharp-linux-ppc64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-7zznwNaqW6YtsfrGGDA6BRkISKAAE1Jo0QdpNYXNMHu2+0dTrPflTLNkpc8l7MUP5M16ZJcUvysVWWrMefZquA==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
-    cpu: [ppc64]
-    os: [linux]
-
-  '@img/sharp-linux-riscv64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-51gJuLPTKa7piYPaVs8GmByo7/U7/7TZOq+cnXJIHZKavIRHAP77e3N2HEl3dgiqdD/w0yUfiJnII77PuDDFdw==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
-    cpu: [riscv64]
-    os: [linux]
-
-  '@img/sharp-linux-s390x@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-nQtCk0PdKfho3eC5MrbQoigJ2gd1CgddUMkabUj+rBevs8tZ2cULOx46E7oyX+04WGfABgIwmMC0VqieTiR4jg==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
-    cpu: [s390x]
-    os: [linux]
-
-  '@img/sharp-linux-x64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-MEzd8HPKxVxVenwAa+JRPwEC7QFjoPWuS5NZnBt6B3pu7EG2Ge0id1oLHZpPJdn3OQK+BQDiw9zStiHBTJQQQQ==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/openbsd-x64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-DnW2sRrBzA+YnE70LKqnM3P+z8vehfJWHXECbwBmH/CU51z6FiqTQTHFenPlHmo3a8UgpLyH3PT+87OViOh1AQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [x64]
-    os: [linux]
+    os: [openbsd]
 
-  '@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-fprJR6GtRsMt6Kyfq44IsChVZeGN97gTD331weR1ex1c1rypDEABN6Tm2xa1wE6lYb5DdEnk03NZPqA7Id21yg==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/openharmony-arm64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-NinAEgr/etERPTsZJ7aEZQvvg/A6IsZG/LgZy+81wON2huV7SrK3e63dU0XhyZP4RKGyTm7aOgmQk0bGp0fy2g==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [arm64]
-    os: [linux]
+    os: [openharmony]
 
-  '@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Jg8wNT1MUzIvhBFxViqrEhWDGzqymo3sV7z7ZsaWbZNDLXRJZoRGrjulp60YYtV4wfY8VIKcWidjojlLcWrd8Q==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/sunos-x64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-PanZ+nEz+eWoBJ8/f8HKxTTD172SKwdXebZ0ndd953gt1HRBbhMsaNqjTyYLGLPdoWHy4zLU7bDVJztF5f3BHA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [x64]
-    os: [linux]
+    os: [sunos]
 
-  '@img/sharp-wasm32@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OdWTEiVkY2PHwqkbBI8frFxQQFekHaSSkUIJkwzclWZe64O1X4UlUjqqqLaPbUpMOQk6FBu/HtlGXNblIs0huw==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
-    cpu: [wasm32]
-
-  '@img/sharp-win32-arm64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-WQ3AgWCWYSb2yt+IG8mnC6Jdk9Whs7O0gxphblsLvdhSpSTtmu69ZG1Gkb6NuvxsNACwiPV6cNSZNzt0KPsw7g==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/win32-arm64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-B2t59lWWYrbRDw/tjiWOuzSsFh1Y/E95ofKz7rIVYSQkUYBjfSgf6oeYPNWHToFRr2zx52JKApIcAS/D5TUBnA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [arm64]
     os: [win32]
 
-  '@img/sharp-win32-ia32@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-FV9m/7NmeCmSHDD5j4+4pNI8Cp3aW+JvLoXcTUo0IqyjSfAZJ8dIUmijx1qaJsIiU+Hosw6xM5KijAWRJCSgNg==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/win32-ia32@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-QLKSFeXNS8+tHW7tZpMtjlNb7HKau0QDpwm49u0vUp9y1WOF+PEzkU84y9GqYaAVW8aH8f3GcBck26jh54cX4Q==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [ia32]
     os: [win32]
 
-  '@img/sharp-win32-x64@0.34.5':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-+29YMsqY2/9eFEiW93eqWnuLcWcufowXewwSNIT6UwZdUUCrM3oFjMWH/Z6/TMmb4hlFenmfAVbpWeup2jryCw==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
+  '@esbuild/win32-x64@0.27.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-4uJGhsxuptu3OcpVAzli+/gWusVGwZZHTlS63hh++ehExkVT8SgiEf7/uC/PclrPPkLhZqGgCTjd0VWLo6xMqA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [win32]
 
-  '@onkernel/sdk@0.23.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-P/ez6HU8sO2QvqWATkvC+Wdv+fgto4KfBCHLl2T6EUpoU3LhgOZ/sJP2ZRf/vh5Vh7QR2Vf05RgMaFcIGBGD9Q==}
-
-  '@types/node@22.19.3':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-1N9SBnWYOJTrNZCdh/yJE+t910Y128BoyY+zBLWhL3r0TYzlTmFdXrPwHL9DyFZmlEXNQQolTZh3KHV31QDhyA==}
+  '@onkernel/sdk@0.38.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-BwbC3OkUg9xhdTshyyUi7+vqwC6gjsHpfpFsDAlVe/rzzledBsL3Usf5rrYfk1Bpk72P+OfF2NtUt5HLaVrjvQ==}
 
-  detect-libc@2.1.2:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Btj2BOOO83o3WyH59e8MgXsxEQVcarkUOpEYrubB0urwnN10yQ364rsiByU11nZlqWYZm05i/of7io4mzihBtQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
+  '@types/node@22.19.11':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-BH7YwL6rA93ReqeQS1c4bsPpcfOmJasG+Fkr6Y59q83f9M1WcBRHR2vM+P9eOisYRcN3ujQoiZY8uk5W+1WL8w==}
 
-  dotenv@17.2.3:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-JVUnt+DUIzu87TABbhPmNfVdBDt18BLOWjMUFJMSi/Qqg7NTYtabbvSNJGOJ7afbRuv9D/lngizHtP7QyLQ+9w==}
+  dotenv@17.3.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-IO8C/dzEb6O3F9/twg6ZLXz164a2fhTnEWb95H23Dm4OuN+92NmEAlTrupP9VW6Jm3sO26tQlqyvyi4CsnY9GA==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
-  openai@6.13.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-yHbMo+EpNGPG3sRrXvmo0LhUPFN4bAURJw3G17bE+ax1G4tcTFCa9ZjvCWh3cvni0aHY0uWlk2IxcsPH4NR9Ow==}
+  esbuild@0.27.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-8VwMnyGCONIs6cWue2IdpHxHnAjzxnw2Zr7MkVxB2vjmQ2ivqGFb4LEG3SMnv0Gb2F/G/2yA8zUaiL1gywDCCg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+    hasBin: true
+
+  fsevents@2.3.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-5xoDfX+fL7faATnagmWPpbFtwh/R77WmMMqqHGS65C3vvB0YHrgF+B1YmZ3441tMj5n63k0212XNoJwzlhffQw==}
+    engines: {node: ^8.16.0 || ^10.6.0 || >=11.0.0}
+    os: [darwin]
+
+  get-tsconfig@4.13.6:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-shZT/QMiSHc/YBLxxOkMtgSid5HFoauqCE3/exfsEcwg1WkeqjG+V40yBbBrsD+jW2HDXcs28xOfcbm2jI8Ddw==}
+
+  openai@6.25.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-mEh6VZ2ds2AGGokWARo18aPISI1OhlgdEIC1ewhkZr8pSIT31dec0ecr9Nhxx0JlybyOgoAT1sWeKtwPZzJyww==}
     hasBin: true
     peerDependencies:
       ws: ^8.18.0
@@ -199,23 +221,14 @@ packages:
       zod:
         optional: true
 
-  playwright-core@1.57.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-agTcKlMw/mjBWOnD6kFZttAAGHgi/Nw0CZ2o6JqWSbMlI219lAFLZZCyqByTsvVAJq5XA5H8cA6PrvBRpBWEuQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=18'}
-    hasBin: true
+  resolve-pkg-maps@1.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-seS2Tj26TBVOC2NIc2rOe2y2ZO7efxITtLZcGSOnHHNOQ7CkiUBfw0Iw2ck6xkIhPwLhKNLS8BO+hEpngQlqzw==}
 
-  semver@7.7.3:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-SdsKMrI9TdgjdweUSR9MweHA4EJ8YxHn8DFaDisvhVlUOe4BF1tLD7GAj0lIqWVl+dPb/rExr0Btby5loQm20Q==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10'}
+  tsx@4.21.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-5C1sg4USs1lfG0GFb2RLXsdpXqBSEhAaA/0kPL01wxzpMqLILNxIxIOKiILz+cdg/pLnOUxFYOR5yhHU666wbw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18.0.0'}
     hasBin: true
 
-  sharp@0.34.5:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Ou9I5Ft9WNcCbXrU9cMgPBcCK8LiwLqcbywW3t4oDV37n1pzpuNLsYiAV8eODnjbtQlSDwZ2cUEeQz4E54Hltg==}
-    engines: {node: ^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0}
-
-  tslib@2.8.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-oJFu94HQb+KVduSUQL7wnpmqnfmLsOA/nAh6b6EH0wCEoK0/mPeXU6c3wKDV83MkOuHPRHtSXKKU99IBazS/2w==}
-
   typescript@5.9.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw==}
     engines: {node: '>=14.17'}
@@ -226,156 +239,138 @@ packages:
 
 snapshots:
 
-  '@emnapi/runtime@1.7.1':
-    dependencies:
-      tslib: 2.8.1
+  '@esbuild/aix-ppc64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/colour@1.0.0': {}
+  '@esbuild/android-arm64@0.27.3':
+    optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-darwin-arm64@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/android-arm@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-darwin-x64@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/android-x64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/darwin-arm64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/darwin-x64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/freebsd-arm64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/freebsd-x64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/linux-arm64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-riscv64@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/linux-arm@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/linux-ia32@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/linux-loong64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/linux-mips64el@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64@1.2.4':
+  '@esbuild/linux-ppc64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-linux-arm64@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/linux-riscv64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-linux-arm@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/linux-s390x@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-linux-ppc64@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/linux-x64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-linux-riscv64@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-riscv64': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/netbsd-arm64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-linux-s390x@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/netbsd-x64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-linux-x64@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/openbsd-arm64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/openbsd-x64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64@0.34.5':
-    optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64': 1.2.4
+  '@esbuild/openharmony-arm64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-wasm32@0.34.5':
-    dependencies:
-      '@emnapi/runtime': 1.7.1
+  '@esbuild/sunos-x64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-win32-arm64@0.34.5':
+  '@esbuild/win32-arm64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-win32-ia32@0.34.5':
+  '@esbuild/win32-ia32@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@img/sharp-win32-x64@0.34.5':
+  '@esbuild/win32-x64@0.27.3':
     optional: true
 
-  '@onkernel/sdk@0.23.0': {}
+  '@onkernel/sdk@0.38.0': {}
 
-  '@types/node@22.19.3':
+  '@types/node@22.19.11':
     dependencies:
       undici-types: 6.21.0
 
-  detect-libc@2.1.2: {}
+  dotenv@17.3.1: {}
 
-  dotenv@17.2.3: {}
+  esbuild@0.27.3:
+    optionalDependencies:
+      '@esbuild/aix-ppc64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/android-arm': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/android-arm64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/android-x64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/darwin-arm64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/darwin-x64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/freebsd-arm64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/freebsd-x64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-arm': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-arm64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-ia32': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-loong64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-mips64el': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-ppc64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-riscv64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-s390x': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/linux-x64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/netbsd-arm64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/netbsd-x64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/openbsd-arm64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/openbsd-x64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/openharmony-arm64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/sunos-x64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/win32-arm64': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/win32-ia32': 0.27.3
+      '@esbuild/win32-x64': 0.27.3
+
+  fsevents@2.3.3:
+    optional: true
 
-  openai@6.13.0: {}
+  get-tsconfig@4.13.6:
+    dependencies:
+      resolve-pkg-maps: 1.0.0
 
-  playwright-core@1.57.0: {}
+  openai@6.25.0: {}
 
-  semver@7.7.3: {}
+  resolve-pkg-maps@1.0.0: {}
 
-  sharp@0.34.5:
+  tsx@4.21.0:
     dependencies:
-      '@img/colour': 1.0.0
-      detect-libc: 2.1.2
-      semver: 7.7.3
+      esbuild: 0.27.3
+      get-tsconfig: 4.13.6
     optionalDependencies:
-      '@img/sharp-darwin-arm64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-darwin-x64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-riscv64': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64': 1.2.4
-      '@img/sharp-linux-arm': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-linux-arm64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-linux-ppc64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-linux-riscv64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-linux-s390x': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-linux-x64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-wasm32': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-win32-arm64': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-win32-ia32': 0.34.5
-      '@img/sharp-win32-x64': 0.34.5
-
-  tslib@2.8.1:
-    optional: true
+      fsevents: 2.3.3
 
   typescript@5.9.3: {}
 
diff --git a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/test.local.ts b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/test.local.ts
index 23f9a5cc..90375999 100644
--- a/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/test.local.ts
+++ b/pkg/templates/typescript/openai-computer-use/test.local.ts
@@ -1,49 +1,69 @@
 import 'dotenv/config';
+import { Kernel } from '@onkernel/sdk';
 import { Agent } from './lib/agent';
-import computers from './lib/computers';
+import { KernelComputer } from './lib/kernel-computer';
 
-/*
-  to run a local browser test before deploying to kernel
-*/
+/**
+ * Local test script that creates a remote Kernel browser and runs the CUA agent.
+ * No Kernel app deployment needed.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   KERNEL_API_KEY=... OPENAI_API_KEY=... npx tsx test.local.ts
+ */
 
 async function test(): Promise<void> {
-  const { computer } = await computers.create({ type: 'local' });
-  const agent = new Agent({
-    model: 'computer-use-preview',
-    computer,
-    tools: [],
-    acknowledge_safety_check_callback: (m: string): boolean => {
-      console.log(`> safety check: ${m}`);
-      return true;
-    },
-  });
-
-  // run agent and get response
-  const logs = await agent.runFullTurn({
-    messages: [
-      {
-        role: 'system',
-        content: `- Current date and time: ${new Date().toISOString()} (${new Date().toLocaleDateString(
-          'en-US',
-          { weekday: 'long' },
-        )})`,
-      },
-      {
-        type: 'message',
-        role: 'user',
-        content: [
-          {
-            type: 'input_text',
-            text: 'go to ebay.com and look up oberheim ob-x prices and give me a report',
-          },
-        ],
+  if (!process.env.KERNEL_API_KEY) throw new Error('KERNEL_API_KEY is not set');
+  if (!process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY) throw new Error('OPENAI_API_KEY is not set');
+
+  const client = new Kernel({ apiKey: process.env.KERNEL_API_KEY });
+  const browser = await client.browsers.create({ timeout_seconds: 300 });
+  console.log('> Browser session:', browser.session_id);
+  console.log('> Live view:', browser.browser_live_view_url);
+
+  const computer = new KernelComputer(client, browser.session_id);
+
+  try {
+    await computer.goto('https://duckduckgo.com');
+
+    const agent = new Agent({
+      model: 'computer-use-preview',
+      computer,
+      tools: [],
+      acknowledge_safety_check_callback: (m: string): boolean => {
+        console.log(`> safety check: ${m}`);
+        return true;
       },
-    ],
-    print_steps: true,
-    debug: true,
-    show_images: false,
-  });
-  console.dir(logs, { depth: null });
+    });
+
+    const logs = await agent.runFullTurn({
+      messages: [
+        {
+          role: 'system',
+          content: `- Current date and time: ${new Date().toISOString()} (${new Date().toLocaleDateString(
+            'en-US',
+            { weekday: 'long' },
+          )})`,
+        },
+        {
+          type: 'message',
+          role: 'user',
+          content: [
+            {
+              type: 'input_text',
+              text: 'go to ebay.com and look up oberheim ob-x prices and give me a report',
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+      print_steps: true,
+      debug: true,
+      show_images: false,
+    });
+    console.dir(logs, { depth: null });
+  } finally {
+    await client.browsers.deleteByID(browser.session_id);
+    console.log('> Browser session deleted');
+  }
 }
 
 test();