diff --git a/controlflow_cli_test.go b/controlflow_cli_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11fab54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/controlflow_cli_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/howlcipher/howlframe/internal/bytecode"
+)
+
+const controlflowProgram = `(do
+ (print (% 7 3) (% -7 3) (% 7 -3) (% -7 -3) (// 7 2) (// -7 2) (// 7 -2) -5 (+ 3 -2) -1.5 (* 3 -2))
+ (print (if (= 1 2) "a" (= 2 2) "b" "c") (if false 1 false 2 3) (cond ((= 1 2) "x") (else "y")))
+ (print (encode_json (range 4)) (encode_json (range 2 5)) (encode_json (range 3 1)))
+ (let (ws (list "pear" "fig" "banana" "kiwi"))
+  (print (max_by w ws (str_len w)) (min_by w ws (str_len w)) (encode_json (sort_by w ws (str_len w))) (encode_json (sort_by w ws (- 0 (str_len w))))))
+ (print (str "[" (pad_left 42 5) "|" (pad_left "x" 3 "0") "|" (pad_right "ab" 4) "|" (pad_right "abcdef" 2) "]"))
+ (print (str "[" (str_repeat "ab" 3) "|" (str_repeat "x" 0) "|" (rtrim "  hi \t\n") "|" (ltrim " \t hi ") "]"))
+ (print (to_base 10 2) (to_base 0 2) (to_base 255 16) (to_base -10 2) (to_base 35 36))
+ (let ((a b c) (list 1 2 3) d 4) (print a b c d))
+ (let (s 0)
+  (do
+   (for x (range 10) (do (when (= x 5) (break)) (set s (+ s x))))
+   (print s)))
+ (let (i 0 found -1)
+  (do
+   (while (< i 100) (do (when (= (% i 7) 6) (do (set found i) (break))) (set i (+ i 1))))
+   (print i found)))
+ (let (out (list))
+  (do
+   (for a (range 3) (for b (range 3) (do (when (> b a) (break)) (append out (str a b)))))
+   (print (str_join out ",")))))`
+
+const controlflowWant = "1 2 -2 -1 3 -4 -4 -5 1 -1.5 -6\n" +
+	"b 3 y\n" +
+	"[0,1,2,3] [2,3,4] []\n" +
+	"banana fig [\"fig\",\"pear\",\"kiwi\",\"banana\"] [\"banana\",\"pear\",\"kiwi\",\"fig\"]\n" +
+	"[   42|00x|ab  |abcdef]\n" +
+	"[ababab||  hi|hi ]\n" +
+	"1010 0 ff -1010 z\n" +
+	"1 2 3 4\n" +
+	"10\n" +
+	"6 6\n" +
+	"00,10,11,20,21,22\n"
+
+func writeTemp(t *testing.T, dir, name, src string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	p := filepath.Join(dir, name)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(src), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+// The control-flow and core built-ins are pure sugar: no capability under the
+// governed profile, and the same output on the interpreter, governed AST
+// bytecode and HFIR bytecode.
+func TestControlflowBuiltinsArePureOnEveryPath(t *testing.T) {
+	bin := c1c2Binary(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	src := writeTemp(t, dir, "p.howl", controlflowProgram)
+	art := filepath.Join(dir, "p.hfbc")
+	hart := filepath.Join(dir, "h.hfbc")
+	for _, profile := range []string{"default", "governed"} {
+		if out, err := exec.Command(bin, "check", "--profile", profile, src).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("check %s: %v %s", profile, err, out)
+		}
+	}
+	if out, err := exec.Command(bin, "build", "--profile", "governed", src, "-o", art).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("build: %v %s", err, out)
+	}
+	out, err := exec.Command(bin, "inspect", "--caps", art).CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("inspect: %v %s", err, out)
+	}
+	var report bytecode.Report
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &report); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v: %s", err, out)
+	}
+	if len(report.Capabilities) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("pure control-flow built-ins required capabilities %v", report.Capabilities)
+	}
+	if out, err := exec.Command(bin, "-compile-hfir-bc", src, "-o", hart).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("hfir compile: %v %s", err, out)
+	}
+	runs := map[string][]string{
+		"interpreter":       {"-run", src},
+		"bytecode_governed": {"-run-bc", art},
+		"hfir_bytecode":     {"-run-bc", hart},
+	}
+	for name, args := range runs {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := exec.Command(bin, args...).CombinedOutput()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("run: %v %s", err, got)
+			}
+			if string(got) != controlflowWant {
+				t.Fatalf("got %q want %q", got, controlflowWant)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Runtime value errors fail closed with the same stderr shape on every path.
+func TestControlflowValueErrorsOnEveryPath(t *testing.T) {
+	bin := c1c2Binary(t)
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		`(do (print (max_by x (list) x)))`: "VALUE_ERROR: max_by of empty list",
+		`(do (print (min_by x (list) x)))`: "VALUE_ERROR: min_by of empty list",
+		`(do (print (to_base 5 1)))`:       "VALUE_ERROR: to_base base must be 2..36",
+		`(do (print (to_base 5 37)))`:      "VALUE_ERROR: to_base base must be 2..36",
+		`(do (print (% 5 0)))`:             "division by zero",
+		`(do (print (// 5 0)))`:            "division by zero",
+		// The signed multiply check still catches real overflow after the
+		// fix that stopped (* 3 -2) from reporting one.
+		`(do (print (* 9223372036854775807 2)))`:  "integer overflow",
+		`(do (print (* -9223372036854775807 3)))`: "integer overflow",
+	}
+	for src, want := range cases {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		p := writeTemp(t, dir, "e.howl", src)
+		art := filepath.Join(dir, "e.hfbc")
+		hart := filepath.Join(dir, "h.hfbc")
+		if out, err := exec.Command(bin, "build", "--profile", "governed", p, "-o", art).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s build: %v %s", src, err, out)
+		}
+		if out, err := exec.Command(bin, "-compile-hfir-bc", p, "-o", hart).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s hfir: %v %s", src, err, out)
+		}
+		for _, args := range [][]string{{"-run", p}, {"-run-bc", art}, {"-run-bc", hart}} {
+			out, err := exec.Command(bin, args...).CombinedOutput()
+			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(string(out), want) {
+				t.Errorf("%s %v: err=%v out=%q want %q", src, args[0], err, out, want)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// A break outside a loop, or in a value position, is a compile error on every
+// entry point; it never reaches a backend.
+func TestStrayBreakIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	bin := c1c2Binary(t)
+	for _, src := range []string{
+		`(do (break))`,
+		`(do (for x (list 1) (print (break))))`,
+		`(do (let (y (break)) (print y)))`,
+	} {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		p := writeTemp(t, dir, "b.howl", src)
+		for _, args := range [][]string{{"-run", p}, {"build", "--profile", "governed", p, "-o", filepath.Join(dir, "b.hfbc")}, {"-compile-hfir-bc", p, "-o", filepath.Join(dir, "h.hfbc")}} {
+			out, err := exec.Command(bin, args...).CombinedOutput()
+			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(string(out), "break must be a statement inside for/while") {
+				t.Errorf("%s %v: err=%v out=%q", src, args[0], err, out)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Go and JS reject every new form with UNSUPPORTED_ON_TARGET before writing
+// anything. Negative literals are plain literals and still build.
+func TestControlflowRejectedOnGoJS(t *testing.T) {
+	bin := c1c2Binary(t)
+	forms := []string{
+		`(print (% 7 3))`, `(print (// 7 2))`, `(print (encode_json (range 3)))`,
+		`(print (max_by x (list 1) x))`, `(print (min_by x (list 1) x))`, `(print (encode_json (sort_by x (list 1) x)))`,
+		`(print (pad_left "a" 3))`, `(print (pad_right "a" 3))`, `(print (str_repeat "a" 3))`,
+		`(print (rtrim "a "))`, `(print (ltrim " a"))`, `(print (to_base 5 2))`,
+		`(for x (list 1) (break))`, `(print (if false 1 false 2 3))`, `(let ((a b) (list 1 2)) (print a))`,
+	}
+	for _, f := range forms {
+		for _, target := range []string{"go", "js"} {
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			p := writeTemp(t, dir, "g.howl", "(do "+f+")")
+			o := filepath.Join(dir, "out")
+			out, err := exec.Command(bin, "build", "--target", target, p, "-o", o).CombinedOutput()
+			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(string(out), "UNSUPPORTED_ON_TARGET") || strings.Contains(string(out), "Built") {
+				t.Errorf("%s on %s: err=%v out=%s", f, target, err, out)
+			}
+			if _, statErr := os.Stat(o); statErr == nil {
+				t.Errorf("%s on %s wrote output", f, target)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	p := writeTemp(t, dir, "n.howl", `(do (print (+ 3 -2) (- 5 -2)))`)
+	for _, target := range []string{"go", "js"} {
+		if out, err := exec.Command(bin, "build", "--target", target, p, "-o", filepath.Join(dir, "n."+target)).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("negative literal on %s: %v %s", target, err, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Governed checks fail closed through the new forms: a forbidden construct
+// nested in any of them (or in a cond clause) is still rejected, and the
+// governed scan no longer mistakes cond's else clause for a construct.
+func TestControlflowGovernedFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	bin := c1c2Binary(t)
+	for _, src := range []string{
+		`(do (print (% (exec "ls") 2)))`,
+		`(do (print (sort_by x (list 1) (exec "ls"))))`,
+		`(do (print (cond ((= 1 1) (exec "ls")) (else 1))))`,
+		`(do (print (cond ((= 1 2) 1) (else (exec "ls")))))`,
+		`(do (for x (range 2) (do (exec "ls") (break))))`,
+		`(do (let ((a b) (list (exec "ls") 1)) (print a)))`,
+		`(do (print (if false 1 false (exec "ls") 3)))`,
+	} {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		p := writeTemp(t, dir, "g.howl", src)
+		out, err := exec.Command(bin, "build", "--profile", "governed", p, "-o", filepath.Join(dir, "g.hfbc")).CombinedOutput()
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(string(out), "PROFILE_FORBIDDEN_CONSTRUCT") {
+			t.Errorf("%s: err=%v out=%s", src, err, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/docs/reference/construct_coverage.md b/docs/reference/construct_coverage.md
index b27a916a..41fc6237 100644
--- a/docs/reference/construct_coverage.md
+++ b/docs/reference/construct_coverage.md
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 | Construct | Standalone Bytecode | Required Capability | Compile-Time Only? | Known Unsupported? | Tracker | Evidence Source |
 |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | `!=` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `%` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `*` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `+` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `-` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `/` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `//` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `<` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `<=` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `=` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@
 | `assert_semantic` | No | None | No | Yes | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `attr_escape` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `blank` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `break` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `bytes_to_string` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `call` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `cli_app` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@
 | `list_len` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `list_slice` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `llm_generate` | Yes | network | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `ltrim` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `map_delete` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `map_get` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `map_has` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
@@ -77,8 +81,10 @@
 | `map_set` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `match` | No | None | No | Yes | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `max` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `max_by` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `middleware` | No | None | No | Yes | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `min` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `min_by` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `mkdir` | Yes | filesystem | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `module` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `neural_circuit` | Yes | network | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
@@ -87,9 +93,12 @@
 | `optimize_block` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `optimize_signature` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `or` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `pad_left` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `pad_right` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `parse_json` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `patch` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `print` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `range` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `read_file` | Yes | filesystem | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `read_line` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `read_text` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
@@ -104,6 +113,7 @@
 | `res_json` | Yes | network | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `return` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `reverse` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `rtrim` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `schema` | No | None | No | Yes | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `schema_bridge` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `semantic_match` | No | None | No | Yes | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
@@ -112,6 +122,7 @@
 | `sinc` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `sleep` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `sort` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `sort_by` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `spawn` | Yes | process | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `spawn_agent` | Yes | process | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `sput` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
@@ -127,6 +138,7 @@
 | `str_contains` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `str_join` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `str_len` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `str_repeat` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `str_replace` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `str_slice` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `str_split` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
@@ -137,6 +149,7 @@
 | `task` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `test` | No | None | No | Yes | improvements.md #96 | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `time_now` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
+| `to_base` | No | None | Yes | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `to_float` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `to_int` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
 | `to_lower` | Yes | None | No | No | - | AUTHORITATIVE |
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/REPORT.md b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/REPORT.md
index 128ef208..9bce17ad 100644
--- a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/REPORT.md
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/REPORT.md
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ unchanged, #90 stays Partial, and no live LLM was used.
 | HowlFrame vs Go | 0.590 | 0.558 | 0.586 (4084 / 6972) | 37/0/0 |
 
 o200k_base: vs Python 1.306 median / 1.321 total (2/0/35); vs JS 1.083 / 1.112
-(10/1/26); vs Go 0.582 / 0.583 (37/0/0).
+(10/1/26); vs Go 0.582 / 0.583 (37/0/0). The tokenizer is *not* neutral for
+JS: on o200k the HowlFrame-vs-JS median drops from 1.136 to 1.083 and wins rise
+from 7 to 10 (the #146 PR body called o200k "nearly identical"; that was wrong
+for JS). Python and Go are near-identical across the two encodings.
 
 All 148 references (37 tasks x 4 languages) pass the verifier. `gaps.json` is
 empty: every task is expressible in current HowlFrame, but many only through
@@ -92,6 +95,16 @@ Recorded so the next slice can be judged against them; none was implemented.
   formatting (w31). No right-trim, pad or repeat (w03, w08, w20).
 - No sort by key: distinct-scores loop for w33. `map_keys` returns sorted
   string keys, so numeric buckets needed a counted loop (w11).
+- Governed profile bans unknown heads such as `count`: any head that is not a
+  registry construct (including a helper or defun called by bare name) is
+  `PROFILE_FORBIDDEN_CONSTRUCT` under `--profile governed`, so references
+  cannot factor small helpers; they inline the logic instead (Motoko, #146).
+- `let` binding limits: a `let` takes exactly one body form (multi-statement
+  bodies need `(do ...)`), and bindings must be flat `(name value ...)` pairs
+  (no destructuring). Motoko also reported `let` as non-sequential while
+  golfing; on main a later binding does see an earlier one
+  (`(let (a 2 b (* a 3)) ...)` gives 6, via nested lets), so the practical
+  cost is the extra `do` and the lack of destructuring.
 - Multi-line indentation is counted like every prior set (v1 style).
 
 ## Method
@@ -108,3 +121,142 @@ byte-identical across reruns.
 `results_freeze_test.go` pins sha256 of `gaps.json` and every file in
 `results/`. `verification_test.go` checks every task x language is verified
 with a current hash.
+
+## After the control-flow slice (`postcf/`)
+
+A **separate** results set. The frozen specs (`tasks/`), the frozen baseline
+HowlFrame sources (`solutions/howl/`) and baseline results (`results/`,
+`gaps.json`) are untouched and keep their pins (`TestHeldoutV2SpecsFrozen`,
+`TestHeldoutV2BaselineResultsFrozen`, `TestHeldoutV2VerificationCoverage`).
+The Python/JS/Go references are the same baseline files. Only the HowlFrame
+sources were rewritten, into `postcf/solutions/howl/`, and verified and counted
+with the same verifier (governed build, `-run-bc`, fs read=in/write=out only)
+and the same tokenizer rules. Reproduce with `./run_postcf.sh`
+(`TOKBENCH_PYTHON` as for `run.sh`); `postcf/results/` is pinned by
+`TestHeldoutV2PostCFResultsFrozen` and checked by
+`TestHeldoutV2PostCFVerificationCoverage`. 148/148 pass, no gaps.
+
+**HowlFrame still loses to Python on held-out v2**: 1.154 median per task and
+1.167 total on cl100k (5 wins, 32 losses), down from 1.306 / 1.324 (2/35). It
+is now roughly level with JS on cl100k (1.028 median, 16/1/20) and ahead of JS
+on o200k (0.968 median, 20/0/17). Go stays far behind HowlFrame.
+
+### What the slice added (pure sugar; no opcode, capability or effect)
+
+`(% a b)` / `(// a b)` floored like Python; n-ary `if` (elif chains);
+`(break)` in for/while bodies; `(range [a] b)`; negative literals (`-1`,
+`-2.5`); `max_by` / `min_by` / `sort_by`; `pad_left` / `pad_right` /
+`str_repeat` / `rtrim` / `ltrim`; `(to_base n b)`; `let` destructuring
+`((a b) lst)`. `map_keys` is **unchanged**: map keys are strings on every
+backend (Go/JS included), so sorting numeric-looking keys numerically would
+change existing output on every target; `sort_by k (map_keys d) (to_int k)`
+covers the w11 case instead.
+
+### How the sources were rewritten
+
+- 25 of 37 files changed; the other 12 (w02, w04-w07, w17, w18, w21-w24, w30)
+  are byte-identical copies of the baseline, because nothing in the slice
+  applies to them.
+- Rewrites use the new forms where the baseline used a workaround, keeping the
+  baseline layout. Two also collapsed structure with pre-existing features:
+  w03 (`filter` over `map_list` instead of for/append) and w25 (`filter`/`any`
+  over `range` instead of nested while). Motoko's #146 golf showed packing and
+  `filter` alone take w03 from 104 to 83 tokens, so about 21 of w03's 52-token
+  gain is not attributable to the slice. w25's gain needs `range` and `%`.
+- Each changed task also runs the same on the interpreter and on HFIR bytecode,
+  except the tasks that use `parse_json` (not supported under `-run`, as on
+  main) and w22 (byte-identical to the baseline; it fails with
+  CAPABILITY_DENIED under HFIR bytecode on main too, a pre-existing issue).
+
+### Headline (cl100k_base)
+
+| Comparison | Median per-task ratio before → after | Total-token ratio before → after | W/T/L before → after |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| HowlFrame vs python | 1.306 → **1.154** | 1.324 → **1.167** (4084 → 3599 / 3084) | 2/0/35 → **5/0/32** |
+| HowlFrame vs js | 1.136 → **1.028** | 1.167 → **1.028** (4084 → 3599 / 3500) | 7/2/28 → **16/1/20** |
+| HowlFrame vs go | 0.590 → **0.519** | 0.586 → **0.516** (4084 → 3599 / 6972) | 37/0/0 → **37/0/0** |
+
+### Per category (cl100k_base, HowlFrame / Python)
+
+| Category | n | Median per-task before → after | Total-token before → after |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| text | 4 | 1.254 → 1.097 | 1.314 → 1.117 |
+| table | 4 | 1.279 → 1.248 | 1.378 → 1.248 |
+| numbers | 4 | 1.433 → 1.090 | 1.470 → 1.153 |
+| lists | 4 | 1.423 → 1.186 | 1.391 → 1.210 |
+| strings | 4 | 1.344 → 1.138 | 1.321 → 1.220 |
+| records | 4 | 1.190 → 1.190 | 1.242 → 1.242 |
+| logic | 13 | 1.244 → 1.150 | 1.290 → 1.127 |
+
+### Headline (o200k_base)
+
+| Comparison | Median per-task ratio before → after | Total-token ratio before → after | W/T/L before → after |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| HowlFrame vs python | 1.306 → **1.164** | 1.321 → **1.165** (4095 → 3613 / 3100) | 2/0/35 → **5/0/32** |
+| HowlFrame vs js | 1.083 → **0.968** | 1.112 → **0.981** (4095 → 3613 / 3683) | 10/1/26 → **20/0/17** |
+| HowlFrame vs go | 0.582 → **0.520** | 0.583 → **0.514** (4095 → 3613 / 7030) | 37/0/0 → **37/0/0** |
+
+### Per category (o200k_base, HowlFrame / Python)
+
+| Category | n | Median per-task before → after | Total-token before → after |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| text | 4 | 1.254 → 1.097 | 1.314 → 1.117 |
+| table | 4 | 1.247 → 1.228 | 1.348 → 1.224 |
+| numbers | 4 | 1.433 → 1.096 | 1.470 → 1.160 |
+| lists | 4 | 1.403 → 1.187 | 1.381 → 1.201 |
+| strings | 4 | 1.351 → 1.145 | 1.325 → 1.224 |
+| records | 4 | 1.197 → 1.197 | 1.248 → 1.248 |
+| logic | 13 | 1.242 → 1.149 | 1.290 → 1.127 |
+
+### Per task (HowlFrame tokens before → after; cl100k_base and o200k_base)
+
+| Task | Cat | cl100k howl | py | js | go | howl/py | o200k howl | py | js | go | howl/py |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| w01 | text | 111 → 109 | 95 | 106 | 168 | 1.17 → 1.15 | 111 → 109 | 95 | 110 | 170 | 1.17 → 1.15 |
+| w02 | text | 79 (=) | 59 | 61 | 133 | 1.34 → 1.34 | 79 (=) | 59 | 65 | 134 | 1.34 → 1.34 |
+| w03 | text | 104 → 52 | 57 | 64 | 143 | 1.82 → **0.91** | 104 → 52 | 57 | 68 | 144 | 1.82 → **0.91** |
+| w04 | text | 66 (=) | 63 | 80 | 163 | 1.05 → 1.05 | 66 (=) | 63 | 86 | 165 | 1.05 → 1.05 |
+| w05 | table | 98 (=) | 76 | 88 | 177 | 1.29 → 1.29 | 98 (=) | 78 | 92 | 178 | 1.26 → 1.26 |
+| w06 | table | 97 (=) | 79 | 101 | 179 | 1.23 → 1.23 | 97 (=) | 82 | 105 | 180 | 1.18 → 1.18 |
+| w07 | table | 104 (=) | 82 | 91 | 202 | 1.27 → 1.27 | 104 (=) | 84 | 96 | 203 | 1.24 → 1.24 |
+| w08 | table | 135 → 94 | 78 | 86 | 181 | 1.73 → 1.21 | 135 → 95 | 78 | 90 | 182 | 1.73 → 1.22 |
+| w09 | numbers | 56 → 54 | 50 | 61 | 150 | 1.12 → 1.08 | 56 → 54 | 50 | 65 | 151 | 1.12 → 1.08 |
+| w10 | numbers | 117 → 88 | 80 | 108 | 166 | 1.46 → 1.10 | 117 → 89 | 80 | 112 | 167 | 1.46 → 1.11 |
+| w11 | numbers | 139 → 106 | 79 | 127 | 220 | 1.76 → 1.34 | 139 → 107 | 79 | 131 | 222 | 1.76 → 1.35 |
+| w12 | numbers | 101 → 76 | 72 | 97 | 206 | 1.40 → 1.06 | 101 → 76 | 72 | 101 | 208 | 1.40 → 1.06 |
+| w13 | lists | 79 → 70 | 62 | 78 | 171 | 1.27 → 1.13 | 78 → 69 | 61 | 81 | 171 | 1.28 → 1.13 |
+| w14 | lists | 123 → 115 | 86 | 105 | 221 | 1.43 → 1.34 | 124 → 116 | 88 | 112 | 223 | 1.41 → 1.32 |
+| w15 | lists | 94 → 82 | 66 | 74 | 205 | 1.42 → 1.24 | 94 → 82 | 66 | 80 | 207 | 1.42 → 1.24 |
+| w16 | lists | 81 → 61 | 57 | 59 | 164 | 1.42 → 1.07 | 81 → 61 | 58 | 63 | 165 | 1.40 → 1.05 |
+| w17 | strings | 92 (=) | 57 | 62 | 156 | 1.61 → 1.61 | 92 (=) | 57 | 66 | 158 | 1.61 → 1.61 |
+| w18 | strings | 64 (=) | 63 | 64 | 165 | 1.02 → 1.02 | 64 (=) | 63 | 70 | 165 | 1.02 → 1.02 |
+| w19 | strings | 91 → 82 | 69 | 73 | 129 | 1.32 → 1.19 | 92 → 83 | 69 | 81 | 131 | 1.33 → 1.20 |
+| w20 | strings | 78 → 62 | 57 | 61 | 125 | 1.37 → 1.09 | 78 → 62 | 57 | 65 | 126 | 1.37 → 1.09 |
+| w21 | records | 99 (=) | 65 | 69 | 174 | 1.52 → 1.52 | 99 (=) | 65 | 73 | 175 | 1.52 → 1.52 |
+| w22 | records | 99 (=) | 88 | 104 | 226 | 1.12 → 1.12 | 100 (=) | 88 | 110 | 228 | 1.14 → 1.14 |
+| w23 | records | 90 (=) | 78 | 83 | 198 | 1.15 → 1.15 | 91 (=) | 78 | 89 | 198 | 1.17 → 1.17 |
+| w24 | records | 92 (=) | 75 | 81 | 190 | 1.23 → 1.23 | 92 (=) | 75 | 85 | 190 | 1.23 → 1.23 |
+| w25 | logic | 128 → 66 | 77 | 102 | 188 | 1.66 → **0.86** | 128 → 67 | 77 | 106 | 190 | 1.66 → **0.87** |
+| w26 | logic | 94 → 87 | 72 | 76 | 157 | 1.31 → 1.21 | 94 → 87 | 72 | 80 | 160 | 1.31 → 1.21 |
+| w27 | logic | 91 → 79 | 95 | 98 | 184 | 0.96 → **0.83** | 92 → 80 | 95 | 102 | 185 | 0.97 → **0.84** |
+| w28 | logic | 146 → 137 | 133 | 155 | 229 | 1.10 → 1.03 | 147 → 138 | 134 | 162 | 231 | 1.10 → 1.03 |
+| w29 | logic | 108 → 105 | 90 | 118 | 214 | 1.20 → 1.17 | 108 → 105 | 90 | 124 | 217 | 1.20 → 1.17 |
+| w30 | logic | 163 (=) | 140 | 147 | 254 | 1.16 → 1.16 | 163 (=) | 140 | 151 | 255 | 1.16 → 1.16 |
+| w31 | logic | 104 → 41 | 49 | 54 | 151 | 2.12 → **0.84** | 104 → 41 | 49 | 59 | 152 | 2.12 → **0.84** |
+| w32 | logic | 142 → 128 | 124 | 142 | 232 | 1.15 → 1.03 | 143 → 129 | 126 | 147 | 237 | 1.13 → 1.02 |
+| w33 | logic | 143 → 142 | 95 | 113 | 252 | 1.51 → 1.49 | 145 → 143 | 96 | 120 | 255 | 1.51 → 1.49 |
+| w34 | logic | 227 → 208 | 145 | 123 | 250 | 1.57 → 1.43 | 227 → 208 | 145 | 130 | 251 | 1.57 → 1.43 |
+| w35 | logic | 140 → 122 | 100 | 123 | 230 | 1.40 → 1.22 | 141 → 123 | 101 | 130 | 234 | 1.40 → 1.22 |
+| w36 | logic | 110 → 106 | 111 | 98 | 179 | 0.99 → **0.95** | 111 → 107 | 112 | 102 | 180 | 0.99 → **0.96** |
+| w37 | logic | 199 → 184 | 160 | 168 | 240 | 1.24 → 1.15 | 200 → 185 | 161 | 174 | 242 | 1.24 → 1.15 |
+
+### Where HowlFrame still loses
+
+- records (w21-w24) and w05-w07, w17, w30 have no slice-relevant workaround;
+  the cost there is s-expression structure (`(map_set d k (+ (nz (map_get d k)
+  0) v))` against `d[k] = d.get(k, 0) + v`) and the explicit
+  `parse_json Any (read_text ...)` / `write_file` / `encode_json` I/O.
+- w33 (sort by two keys) barely moves: two stable `sort_by` passes plus a
+  dense-rank loop cost as much as the old distinct-score scan.
+- w34 (grid neighbours) is still 1.43x Python: indexing a list of lists costs
+  `(list_get (list_get g y) x)` per access.
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/cmd/heldoutv2verify/main.go b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/cmd/heldoutv2verify/main.go
index 07f2574b..4058f0c7 100644
--- a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/cmd/heldoutv2verify/main.go
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/cmd/heldoutv2verify/main.go
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ var exts = map[string]string{"howl": "howl", "python": "py", "js": "js", "go": "
 func main() {
 	root := flag.String("root", "experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2", "benchmark root")
 	howl := flag.String("howlframe", "/tmp/howlframe", "HowlFrame binary")
+	howlDir := flag.String("howl-dir", "", "HowlFrame solutions directory (default <root>/solutions/howl)")
+	resultsDir := flag.String("results", "", "results directory (default <root>/results)")
 	flag.Parse()
 	var manifest struct{ Tasks []Task }
 	must(readJSON(filepath.Join(*root, "tasks/manifest.json"), &manifest))
@@ -69,6 +71,9 @@ func main() {
 			}
 			total++
 			src, _ := filepath.Abs(filepath.Join(*root, "solutions", lang, t.ID+"."+exts[lang]))
+			if lang == "howl" && *howlDir != "" {
+				src, _ = filepath.Abs(filepath.Join(*howlDir, t.ID+"."+exts[lang]))
+			}
 			data, readErr := os.ReadFile(src)
 			r := Result{Task: t.ID, Lang: lang, SHA256: fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha256.Sum256(data))}
 			if readErr != nil {
@@ -88,8 +93,12 @@ func main() {
 		fmt.Printf("%s: %d/%d passed\n", lang, passed, total)
 	}
 	out, _ := json.MarshalIndent(results, "", "  ")
-	must(os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(*root, "results"), 0o755))
-	must(os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(*root, "results/verification.json"), append(out, '\n'), 0o644))
+	res := filepath.Join(*root, "results")
+	if *resultsDir != "" {
+		res = *resultsDir
+	}
+	must(os.MkdirAll(res, 0o755))
+	must(os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(res, "verification.json"), append(out, '\n'), 0o644))
 	if failed {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/compare_postcf.py b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/compare_postcf.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a5108c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/compare_postcf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Before/after tables: frozen baseline (results/) vs post-control-flow (postcf/results/)."""
+import json, statistics
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+LANGS = ("python", "js", "go")
+
+
+def load(d):
+    rows = json.loads((ROOT / d / "tokens.json").read_text())
+    out = {}
+    for r in rows:
+        out.setdefault(r["encoding"], {}).setdefault(r["lang"], {})[r["task"]] = r["tokens"]
+    return out
+
+
+def main():
+    before, after = load("results"), load("postcf/results")
+    cats = {t["id"]: t["category"] for t in json.loads((ROOT / "tasks/manifest.json").read_text())["tasks"]}
+    ids = sorted(cats)
+    md = []
+    for enc in ("cl100k_base", "o200k_base"):
+        b, a = before[enc], after[enc]
+        md.append(f"### Headline ({enc})\n")
+        md.append("| Comparison | Median per-task ratio before → after | Total-token ratio before → after | W/T/L before → after |")
+        md.append("|---|---|---|---|")
+        for l in LANGS:
+            def stats(h):
+                rs = [h[t] / b[l][t] for t in ids]
+                w = sum(h[t] < b[l][t] for t in ids); ti = sum(h[t] == b[l][t] for t in ids)
+                return statistics.median(rs), sum(h.values()) / sum(b[l].values()), f"{w}/{ti}/{len(ids) - w - ti}"
+            m0, t0, w0 = stats(b["howl"]); m1, t1, w1 = stats(a["howl"])
+            md.append(f"| HowlFrame vs {l} | {m0:.3f} → **{m1:.3f}** | {t0:.3f} → **{t1:.3f}** ({sum(b['howl'].values())} → {sum(a['howl'].values())} / {sum(b[l].values())}) | {w0} → **{w1}** |")
+        md.append("")
+        md.append(f"### Per category ({enc}, HowlFrame / Python)\n")
+        md.append("| Category | n | Median per-task before → after | Total-token before → after |")
+        md.append("|---|---|---|---|")
+        for cat in sorted(set(cats.values()), key=lambda c: ["text", "table", "numbers", "lists", "strings", "records", "logic"].index(c)):
+            cs = [t for t in ids if cats[t] == cat]
+            f = lambda h: (statistics.median(h[t] / b["python"][t] for t in cs), sum(h[t] for t in cs) / sum(b["python"][t] for t in cs))
+            (m0, t0), (m1, t1) = f(b["howl"]), f(a["howl"])
+            md.append(f"| {cat} | {len(cs)} | {m0:.3f} → {m1:.3f} | {t0:.3f} → {t1:.3f} |")
+        md.append("")
+    md.append("### Per task (HowlFrame tokens before → after; cl100k_base and o200k_base)\n")
+    md.append("| Task | Cat | cl100k howl | py | js | go | howl/py | o200k howl | py | js | go | howl/py |")
+    md.append("|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|")
+    for t in ids:
+        cells = [t, cats[t]]
+        for enc in ("cl100k_base", "o200k_base"):
+            b, a = before[enc], after[enc]
+            h0, h1 = b["howl"][t], a["howl"][t]
+            r0, r1 = h0 / b["python"][t], h1 / b["python"][t]
+            hv = f"{h0} → {h1}" if h0 != h1 else f"{h0} (=)"
+            rv = f"{r0:.2f} → **{r1:.2f}**" if r1 < 1 else f"{r0:.2f} → {r1:.2f}"
+            cells += [hv, str(b["python"][t]), str(b["js"][t]), str(b["go"][t]), rv]
+        md.append("| " + " | ".join(cells) + " |")
+    (ROOT / "postcf/results/compare.md").write_text("\n".join(md) + "\n")
+    print("\n".join(md))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/count_tokens.py b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/count_tokens.py
index 27c5e13b..07af90ad 100644
--- a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/count_tokens.py
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/count_tokens.py
@@ -13,6 +13,14 @@
 
 
 def main():
+    # Defaults reproduce the frozen baseline; the post-control-flow set passes
+    # --howl-dir postcf/solutions/howl --results postcf/results.
+    import argparse
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    ap.add_argument("--howl-dir", default="solutions/howl")
+    ap.add_argument("--results", default="results")
+    opts = ap.parse_args()
+    res = ROOT / opts.results
     if tiktoken.__version__ != "0.8.0":
         raise RuntimeError("Install requirements.txt: tiktoken==0.8.0 required")
     tiktoken.load.read_file = v0.offline_read
@@ -20,7 +28,7 @@ def main():
     tasks = json.loads((ROOT / "tasks/manifest.json").read_text())["tasks"]
     cats = {t["id"]: t["category"] for t in tasks}
     gaps = {(g["task"], g["lang"]) for g in json.loads((ROOT / "gaps.json").read_text())}
-    checks = {(r["task"], r["lang"]): r for r in json.loads((ROOT / "results/verification.json").read_text())}
+    checks = {(r["task"], r["lang"]): r for r in json.loads((res / "verification.json").read_text())}
     expected = {(t["id"], l) for t in tasks for l in LANGUAGES} - gaps
     if set(checks) != expected:
         raise RuntimeError("verification coverage must be every task x language minus gaps.json")
@@ -29,7 +37,8 @@ def main():
         for lang, ext in LANGUAGES.items():
             if (t["id"], lang) in gaps:
                 continue
-            raw = (ROOT / f"solutions/{lang}/{t['id']}.{ext}").read_bytes()
+            src_dir = ROOT / opts.howl_dir if lang == "howl" else ROOT / f"solutions/{lang}"
+            raw = (src_dir / f"{t['id']}.{ext}").read_bytes()
             c = checks[t["id"], lang]
             if hashlib.sha256(raw).hexdigest() != c["sha256"] or not c["pass"]:
                 raise RuntimeError(f"unverified or changed source {t['id']}/{lang}")
@@ -40,8 +49,8 @@ def main():
                              "tokens": len(enc.encode(src, disallowed_special=())),
                              "tokens_nocomments": len(enc.encode(stripped, disallowed_special=())),
                              "bytes": len(raw), "pass": c["pass"]})
-    (ROOT / "results/tokens.json").write_text(json.dumps(rows, indent=2) + "\n")
-    with (ROOT / "results/tokens.csv").open("w", newline="") as f:
+    (res / "tokens.json").write_text(json.dumps(rows, indent=2) + "\n")
+    with (res / "tokens.csv").open("w", newline="") as f:
         w = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=list(rows[0]))
         w.writeheader()
         w.writerows(rows)
@@ -74,7 +83,7 @@ def main():
                     "median_ratio_vs_python": statistics.median(by["howl"][t] / by["python"][t] for t in hs) if hs else None,
                 }
             summary[enc][metric] = s
-    (ROOT / "results/summary.json").write_text(json.dumps(summary, indent=2) + "\n")
+    (res / "summary.json").write_text(json.dumps(summary, indent=2) + "\n")
     print(json.dumps({e: summary[e]["tokens"]["howl_vs"] for e in summary}, indent=1))
 
 
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/compare.md b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/compare.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e09f0b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/compare.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+### Headline (cl100k_base)
+
+| Comparison | Median per-task ratio before → after | Total-token ratio before → after | W/T/L before → after |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| HowlFrame vs python | 1.306 → **1.154** | 1.324 → **1.167** (4084 → 3599 / 3084) | 2/0/35 → **5/0/32** |
+| HowlFrame vs js | 1.136 → **1.028** | 1.167 → **1.028** (4084 → 3599 / 3500) | 7/2/28 → **16/1/20** |
+| HowlFrame vs go | 0.590 → **0.519** | 0.586 → **0.516** (4084 → 3599 / 6972) | 37/0/0 → **37/0/0** |
+
+### Per category (cl100k_base, HowlFrame / Python)
+
+| Category | n | Median per-task before → after | Total-token before → after |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| text | 4 | 1.254 → 1.097 | 1.314 → 1.117 |
+| table | 4 | 1.279 → 1.248 | 1.378 → 1.248 |
+| numbers | 4 | 1.433 → 1.090 | 1.470 → 1.153 |
+| lists | 4 | 1.423 → 1.186 | 1.391 → 1.210 |
+| strings | 4 | 1.344 → 1.138 | 1.321 → 1.220 |
+| records | 4 | 1.190 → 1.190 | 1.242 → 1.242 |
+| logic | 13 | 1.244 → 1.150 | 1.290 → 1.127 |
+
+### Headline (o200k_base)
+
+| Comparison | Median per-task ratio before → after | Total-token ratio before → after | W/T/L before → after |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| HowlFrame vs python | 1.306 → **1.164** | 1.321 → **1.165** (4095 → 3613 / 3100) | 2/0/35 → **5/0/32** |
+| HowlFrame vs js | 1.083 → **0.968** | 1.112 → **0.981** (4095 → 3613 / 3683) | 10/1/26 → **20/0/17** |
+| HowlFrame vs go | 0.582 → **0.520** | 0.583 → **0.514** (4095 → 3613 / 7030) | 37/0/0 → **37/0/0** |
+
+### Per category (o200k_base, HowlFrame / Python)
+
+| Category | n | Median per-task before → after | Total-token before → after |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| text | 4 | 1.254 → 1.097 | 1.314 → 1.117 |
+| table | 4 | 1.247 → 1.228 | 1.348 → 1.224 |
+| numbers | 4 | 1.433 → 1.096 | 1.470 → 1.160 |
+| lists | 4 | 1.403 → 1.187 | 1.381 → 1.201 |
+| strings | 4 | 1.351 → 1.145 | 1.325 → 1.224 |
+| records | 4 | 1.197 → 1.197 | 1.248 → 1.248 |
+| logic | 13 | 1.242 → 1.149 | 1.290 → 1.127 |
+
+### Per task (HowlFrame tokens before → after; cl100k_base and o200k_base)
+
+| Task | Cat | cl100k howl | py | js | go | howl/py | o200k howl | py | js | go | howl/py |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| w01 | text | 111 → 109 | 95 | 106 | 168 | 1.17 → 1.15 | 111 → 109 | 95 | 110 | 170 | 1.17 → 1.15 |
+| w02 | text | 79 (=) | 59 | 61 | 133 | 1.34 → 1.34 | 79 (=) | 59 | 65 | 134 | 1.34 → 1.34 |
+| w03 | text | 104 → 52 | 57 | 64 | 143 | 1.82 → **0.91** | 104 → 52 | 57 | 68 | 144 | 1.82 → **0.91** |
+| w04 | text | 66 (=) | 63 | 80 | 163 | 1.05 → 1.05 | 66 (=) | 63 | 86 | 165 | 1.05 → 1.05 |
+| w05 | table | 98 (=) | 76 | 88 | 177 | 1.29 → 1.29 | 98 (=) | 78 | 92 | 178 | 1.26 → 1.26 |
+| w06 | table | 97 (=) | 79 | 101 | 179 | 1.23 → 1.23 | 97 (=) | 82 | 105 | 180 | 1.18 → 1.18 |
+| w07 | table | 104 (=) | 82 | 91 | 202 | 1.27 → 1.27 | 104 (=) | 84 | 96 | 203 | 1.24 → 1.24 |
+| w08 | table | 135 → 94 | 78 | 86 | 181 | 1.73 → 1.21 | 135 → 95 | 78 | 90 | 182 | 1.73 → 1.22 |
+| w09 | numbers | 56 → 54 | 50 | 61 | 150 | 1.12 → 1.08 | 56 → 54 | 50 | 65 | 151 | 1.12 → 1.08 |
+| w10 | numbers | 117 → 88 | 80 | 108 | 166 | 1.46 → 1.10 | 117 → 89 | 80 | 112 | 167 | 1.46 → 1.11 |
+| w11 | numbers | 139 → 106 | 79 | 127 | 220 | 1.76 → 1.34 | 139 → 107 | 79 | 131 | 222 | 1.76 → 1.35 |
+| w12 | numbers | 101 → 76 | 72 | 97 | 206 | 1.40 → 1.06 | 101 → 76 | 72 | 101 | 208 | 1.40 → 1.06 |
+| w13 | lists | 79 → 70 | 62 | 78 | 171 | 1.27 → 1.13 | 78 → 69 | 61 | 81 | 171 | 1.28 → 1.13 |
+| w14 | lists | 123 → 115 | 86 | 105 | 221 | 1.43 → 1.34 | 124 → 116 | 88 | 112 | 223 | 1.41 → 1.32 |
+| w15 | lists | 94 → 82 | 66 | 74 | 205 | 1.42 → 1.24 | 94 → 82 | 66 | 80 | 207 | 1.42 → 1.24 |
+| w16 | lists | 81 → 61 | 57 | 59 | 164 | 1.42 → 1.07 | 81 → 61 | 58 | 63 | 165 | 1.40 → 1.05 |
+| w17 | strings | 92 (=) | 57 | 62 | 156 | 1.61 → 1.61 | 92 (=) | 57 | 66 | 158 | 1.61 → 1.61 |
+| w18 | strings | 64 (=) | 63 | 64 | 165 | 1.02 → 1.02 | 64 (=) | 63 | 70 | 165 | 1.02 → 1.02 |
+| w19 | strings | 91 → 82 | 69 | 73 | 129 | 1.32 → 1.19 | 92 → 83 | 69 | 81 | 131 | 1.33 → 1.20 |
+| w20 | strings | 78 → 62 | 57 | 61 | 125 | 1.37 → 1.09 | 78 → 62 | 57 | 65 | 126 | 1.37 → 1.09 |
+| w21 | records | 99 (=) | 65 | 69 | 174 | 1.52 → 1.52 | 99 (=) | 65 | 73 | 175 | 1.52 → 1.52 |
+| w22 | records | 99 (=) | 88 | 104 | 226 | 1.12 → 1.12 | 100 (=) | 88 | 110 | 228 | 1.14 → 1.14 |
+| w23 | records | 90 (=) | 78 | 83 | 198 | 1.15 → 1.15 | 91 (=) | 78 | 89 | 198 | 1.17 → 1.17 |
+| w24 | records | 92 (=) | 75 | 81 | 190 | 1.23 → 1.23 | 92 (=) | 75 | 85 | 190 | 1.23 → 1.23 |
+| w25 | logic | 128 → 66 | 77 | 102 | 188 | 1.66 → **0.86** | 128 → 67 | 77 | 106 | 190 | 1.66 → **0.87** |
+| w26 | logic | 94 → 87 | 72 | 76 | 157 | 1.31 → 1.21 | 94 → 87 | 72 | 80 | 160 | 1.31 → 1.21 |
+| w27 | logic | 91 → 79 | 95 | 98 | 184 | 0.96 → **0.83** | 92 → 80 | 95 | 102 | 185 | 0.97 → **0.84** |
+| w28 | logic | 146 → 137 | 133 | 155 | 229 | 1.10 → 1.03 | 147 → 138 | 134 | 162 | 231 | 1.10 → 1.03 |
+| w29 | logic | 108 → 105 | 90 | 118 | 214 | 1.20 → 1.17 | 108 → 105 | 90 | 124 | 217 | 1.20 → 1.17 |
+| w30 | logic | 163 (=) | 140 | 147 | 254 | 1.16 → 1.16 | 163 (=) | 140 | 151 | 255 | 1.16 → 1.16 |
+| w31 | logic | 104 → 41 | 49 | 54 | 151 | 2.12 → **0.84** | 104 → 41 | 49 | 59 | 152 | 2.12 → **0.84** |
+| w32 | logic | 142 → 128 | 124 | 142 | 232 | 1.15 → 1.03 | 143 → 129 | 126 | 147 | 237 | 1.13 → 1.02 |
+| w33 | logic | 143 → 142 | 95 | 113 | 252 | 1.51 → 1.49 | 145 → 143 | 96 | 120 | 255 | 1.51 → 1.49 |
+| w34 | logic | 227 → 208 | 145 | 123 | 250 | 1.57 → 1.43 | 227 → 208 | 145 | 130 | 251 | 1.57 → 1.43 |
+| w35 | logic | 140 → 122 | 100 | 123 | 230 | 1.40 → 1.22 | 141 → 123 | 101 | 130 | 234 | 1.40 → 1.22 |
+| w36 | logic | 110 → 106 | 111 | 98 | 179 | 0.99 → **0.95** | 111 → 107 | 112 | 102 | 180 | 0.99 → **0.96** |
+| w37 | logic | 199 → 184 | 160 | 168 | 240 | 1.24 → 1.15 | 200 → 185 | 161 | 174 | 242 | 1.24 → 1.15 |
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/summary.json b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/summary.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f32918b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/summary.json
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diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/tokens.csv b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/tokens.csv
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c7f2334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/tokens.csv
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diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/tokens.json b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/tokens.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2fc0aa70
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/verification.json b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/verification.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4491911a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/results/verification.json
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+    "sha256": "9dcd83c6bf7ea6ea8708dc26e5b5efda76dc0d329b0b67611b6d2f1441642cce"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w14",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "b5a64fdadb9892daf12a10fef5cd52008076d161aa7c02256a787803edc8d70c"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w15",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "bd237511847cc5e65b4a75cc5160fd128bc64d9663fcb82c13bb3840baac783e"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w16",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "18122820d494dcd3b38323e17195f4f90b5213574e8728cc3c2e50d3575d4fbb"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w17",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "bff46c067ed8799c7d2d9b73e41eb0fd0e839b7a9a7bd1baa0092b4159d405a2"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w18",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "b58541be55dd1d539bda7dd93923ff2e81654ebc7669ba3d01c3d2524504e7d3"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w19",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "721e5df61cafec6e6ff993356810e8230276e8870e4151cc5d3c886b502fd034"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w20",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "d7487549080d89140bb5db72dc7679bfe86f1d67f71989fe197618fa88194432"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w21",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "92cb0621d276228ee322c5bc12c28f7242684f0b3cf66ed7c9021ea78b5738ae"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w22",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "f48cb0cfd1853763b19afd4c59f0eb3a47ff12dd77d5ce47b8cf07b3e086503c"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w23",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "0a7f6d41078841346cfdc85e43b2c51c2a4541d6db5f6b2f416fce66fd8186be"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w24",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "3fb08821c62c948b5b29f266428a6d247baf082afd76654edcc9fe4c715ba72c"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w25",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "bed28c9def238d97635a6539e096b6a883beb159830b955b42835c12a86da18a"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w26",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "f7029b3bced1b3e328be870c0641b95a5afd6daf227cd888304697f9d90cc426"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w27",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "554be662d6d96d584286779d08b6d9791ee79a4e979c008cf7f1e8ad2d10f96a"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w28",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "659b9420e06ca3db3dab0ded8c7d3eefb129708fec94ed7600593e8a43919afe"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w29",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "3581b6a69a80abe5df3033f4864b0525141dc4ef173714b4e0a8e403989c6956"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w30",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "f2a7579f2a1e8b2a931c46b8b95d3a31e62fe632c88190c229808c0e6f2e6ae0"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w31",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "9c205e26261ff4481a179f8a5b8ce8a77439fbda32ee58b4163ce1f05c0d000c"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w32",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "dd96fb4446f03706d44e6913454259f850309b7f0be4bef5ca5bbf86e3be552b"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w33",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "9c5ce0654c1cb728867fd7b1c1f0be70cfb49826795d2cef15965807f93c7712"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w34",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "b230aa0de6bc6af9a92c1ebd24cb03b7fe493d578f5d42747a721a7e05c20154"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w35",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "e46b3e6c8d4596f97b276c0431d1639d2e496937ef134c4ef9dce4c924d1c139"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w36",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "d4727175d96f79a05e3515973c5c3d9c5441d623b80e77b6cbdb30378a9a94f0"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w37",
+    "lang": "js",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "030a045d39e27f7d40aedd6cf4e248e98397087903360d2778d6b7c799c88361"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w01",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "1cb610c66e93224c93f999f32efd926186cd6e6cf0cdcb35aebfe5876e872730"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w02",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "ce6c25a4c7b3a46a92393570abf855bacc5a0583eba941b0eeb8a75848dbeb8c"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w03",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "6f9fc67915d5f8ff281dbd4c3cb0c2da0f766f8815ea019055d4b9604c8c1540"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w04",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "7b4203c9fe5d5266bf2601070f5e1eb7cf84bbf37576bdcafb8c9bdd4ed2bd9c"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w05",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "27788c55ab109b078df03901e875068011473c2e696b57e50d21556e8f2c79cd"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w06",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "f8cab76ebff97739c66e259b0ef372e63d87c87846fe0a7377fe893f86c778b1"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w07",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "4691a4acb4bcc607f94f3cdf83d413d31cc7fdf2b731fa6fe7ba7db54e10df15"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w08",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "4ead3ca21cc3c84f7b27f831798d0721a23e184467a3d4d5af5b47d1f7e7e805"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w09",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "1b01ef1070e578c4e24e32c9391f5f711731a1c9e63b378108d80e0e265e0345"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w10",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "9c93eb50f60e5f04cf6e790261ab08f437b20bfea39567b2a5e7aeb44359815e"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w11",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "5b1d1cf4beab3fa6fdeaa156b7bcda80c074ee924366cc8ebdd3423667bab01b"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w12",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "cdbcbda7889abcec6b5011397ff648210336934faf6095c3b4aa9d8862593c64"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w13",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "5fdc1f8426d8402e6967165d67f03a4a5b0c2042ec3eae52adc316b173b3b3a2"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w14",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "39ea81b03e7b28187df1f46cf0de5124be5c7ee33ed983e91844552dd925133a"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w15",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "6966b093a335e91203216f78908bfcd3a5d4786aaf39224f36667705695a6943"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w16",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "a9e7755d4edfcbb341e48ab44e8fe1302eee9314b255f07a500e97971d78d00c"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w17",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "36260b5a840d2860ca6a414ebfb8cbe70dc156523869544ea29a81aaad1000d6"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w18",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "19863fb20722c8ed3e825ba945cfe96ae744a039645427eb8df2f05a0999d37d"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w19",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "43fa83f674ca0f389064f3459690bf56b7c93012d2a0e4509c52d0b7da443179"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w20",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "0d33eecd654e1c3bd362984822e89303356c9ca74cdec279c6534697f51d13f6"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w21",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "75c8fd4190645f76d0b183df63521c860b9ae8557a6fc42fba46f2f74bfd407a"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w22",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "c69dc057e04312eda1006ff2c2e7cc17bfcc19224ba911867248655d60c00795"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w23",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "a60e29bb53f740977c3cca0ecbc38db054286077f9fd8ba4b9d0bb9ccb8a99cd"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w24",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "746a2303c0e8de6587406c27667c661ce9d6cd57f1706e91743b4cd792256803"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w25",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "3210e6658360234681380540ee0688c0a2af03168827a35bdf6042c7cbb55e25"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w26",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "cdc2ed6aa7841aacaa6a9a0b30b0b7ce0deabfae212fd38694b5c22295bcdd8f"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w27",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "7493a0f8647a10d1d470e3171a0b7d2d129b2281bd2bd4dc873ffa1421bf919b"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w28",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "a8af038da85a66be55b02702b8f661d7e06cff191fd2315fbdeed69f5b6e45d3"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w29",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "37d65c825351b610ed83c213ddabf18a1e9cf2d3a2420b7cf6f98b2e457d77ba"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w30",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "e968bc037313c3744aa2d37d5aeae24ba7a1909e0ee53537abcb76ed33e3cad6"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w31",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "9e248610f0ebca5e8f53e52e4949f5b5aee68e276da26dfffdc40240cf15c87c"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w32",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "8127f3538eddf69d4d1c3ce9ee62347b3b59c021813134e74339d1b8839b82f8"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w33",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "e45a2b82a6aaf636162155e9b3cfed3e0841b392ddb55fc81276c80953fa54ec"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w34",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "044b22cd00a02c01988d9df6c6c8eb9283cfdccacc894b59b589f483dd53d177"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w35",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "0c6c1b658315c6cc5660163d537d4cd823360c926c70790e14862c6cd904ee9d"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w36",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "8886a0d175ffc4f93df5c6493bc21a8b24f1c2fb231f1664c5e1199670578218"
+  },
+  {
+    "task": "w37",
+    "lang": "go",
+    "pass": true,
+    "sha256": "29249a8e0900d839ac59ec0defbdb79755cc87a440a391b390c26e64c69f60b7"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w01.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w01.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97507445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w01.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+(do
+ (let (out (list) cur "")
+  (do
+   (for w (str_split (str_trim (read_text "in/para.txt")) " ")
+    (if (= cur "") (set cur w)
+     (<= (str_len (str cur " " w)) 20) (set cur (str cur " " w))
+     (do (append out cur) (set cur w))))
+   (append out cur)
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join out "\n")))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w02.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w02.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccb142e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w02.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(do
+ (let (out (list))
+  (do
+   (for l (lines (read_file "in/events.txt"))
+    (when (or (= (list_len out) 0) (!= l (list_get out (- (list_len out) 1)))) (append out l)))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join out "\n")))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w03.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w03.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0bd81553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w03.howl
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(do (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join (filter s (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/settings.txt")) (rtrim (list_get (str_split l "#") 0))) (!= s "")) "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w04.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w04.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e766c767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w04.howl
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(do (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/headings.txt")) (str_join (map_list w (str_split l " ") (str (to_upper (str_slice w 0 1)) (str_slice w 1))) " ")) "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w05.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w05.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6c468b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w05.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(do
+ (let (out (dict))
+  (do
+   (for l (list_slice (lines (read_file "in/ledger.csv")) 1)
+    (let (r (str_split l ",")) (map_set out (list_get r 1) (+ (nz (map_get out (list_get r 1)) 0) (to_int (list_get r 2))))))
+   (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json out)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w06.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w06.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9fa56f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w06.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(do
+ (let (out (dict))
+  (do
+   (for l (list_slice (lines (read_file "in/ledger.csv")) 1)
+    (let (r (str_split l ",") m (str_slice l 0 7)) (map_set out m (+ (nz (map_get out m) 0) (to_int (list_get r 2))))))
+   (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json out)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w07.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w07.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..335b4642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w07.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(do
+ (let (ls (lines (read_file "in/lines.csv")) out (list (str (list_get ls 0) ",total")))
+  (do
+   (for l (list_slice ls 1)
+    (let (r (str_split l ",")) (append out (str l "," (* (to_int (list_get r 1)) (to_int (list_get r 2)))))))
+   (write_file "out/result.csv" (str_join out "\n")))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w08.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w08.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2a3c4b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w08.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(do
+ (let (rows (map_list l (list_slice (lines (read_file "in/team.csv")) 1) (str_split l ",")) w (max (map_list r rows (str_len (list_get r 0)))))
+  (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join (map_list r rows (str (pad_right (list_get r 0) w) " | " (list_get r 1))) "\n"))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w09.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w09.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..433f0e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w09.howl
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(do (let (v (sort (map_list x (lines (read_file "in/latency.txt")) (to_int x)))) (write_file "out/result.txt" (to_string (list_get v (// (list_len v) 2))))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w10.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w10.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6bdd53c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w10.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(do
+ (write_file "out/result.txt"
+  (str_join
+   (map_list x (lines (read_file "in/seconds.txt"))
+    (let (s (to_int x))
+     (str (// s 3600) ":" (pad_left (% (// s 60) 60) 2 "0") ":" (pad_left (% s 60) 2 "0"))))
+   "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w11.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w11.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..249d56ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w11.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(do
+ (let (d (count_by x (str_split (str_trim (read_text "in/ages.txt")) ",") (str (// (to_int x) 10))))
+  (write_file "out/result.txt"
+   (str_join (map_list b (sort_by k (map_keys d) (to_int k)) (str (* (to_int b) 10) "-" (+ (* (to_int b) 10) 9) ": " (map_get d b))) "\n"))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w12.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w12.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2522adea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w12.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(do
+ (let (a (map_list x (str_split (str_trim (read_text "in/load.txt")) ",") (to_int x)))
+  (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json (map_list i (range (- (list_len a) 2)) (// (sum (list_slice a i (+ i 3))) 3))))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w13.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w13.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fd6184c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w13.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(do
+ (let (q (parse_json Any (read_text "in/jobs.json")))
+  (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json (map_list i (range (// (+ (list_len q) 2) 3)) (list_slice q (* i 3) (+ (* i 3) 3)))))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w14.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w14.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed37b471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w14.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(do
+ (let (a (parse_json Any (read_text "in/left.json")) b (parse_json Any (read_text "in/right.json")) out (list))
+  (do
+   (for i (range (max (list (list_len a) (list_len b))))
+    (do
+     (when (< i (list_len a)) (append out (list_get a i)))
+     (when (< i (list_len b)) (append out (list_get b i)))))
+   (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json out)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w15.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w15.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c4482cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w15.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(do
+ (let (r (parse_json Any (read_text "in/ring.json")) k (% (to_int (str_trim (read_text "in/k.txt"))) (list_len r)) out (list_slice r k))
+  (do
+   (for x (list_slice r 0 k) (append out x))
+   (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json out)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w16.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w16.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbd0c6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w16.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(do
+ (let (m (parse_json Any (read_text "in/meter.json")))
+  (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json (map_list i (range 1 (list_len m)) (- (list_get m i) (list_get m (- i 1))))))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w17.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w17.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ffbe324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w17.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(do
+ (let (out "" prev "" n 0)
+  (do
+   (for c (str_split (str_trim (read_text "in/raw.txt")) "")
+    (if (= c prev) (inc n)
+     (do (when (> n 0) (set out (str out prev n))) (set prev c) (set n 1))))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" (str out prev n)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w18.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w18.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..099d86d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w18.howl
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(do (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/idents.txt")) (str_join (map_list c (str_split l "") (if (!= c (to_lower c)) (str "_" (to_lower c)) c)) "")) "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w19.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w19.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0f58fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w19.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(do
+ (let (abc (str_split "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" ""))
+  (write_file "out/result.txt"
+   (str_join
+    (map_list c (str_split (str_trim (read_text "in/msg.txt")) "")
+     (let (i (index_of abc c)) (if (< i 0) c (list_get abc (% (+ i 3) 26)))))
+    ""))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w20.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w20.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4268831f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w20.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(do
+ (write_file "out/result.txt"
+  (str_join
+   (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/cards.txt"))
+    (let (k (- (str_len l) 4)) (str (str_repeat "*" k) (str_slice l k))))
+   "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w21.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w21.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abc590a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w21.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(do
+ (let (out (dict))
+  (do
+   (for s (parse_json Any (read_text "in/staff.json"))
+    (let (m (map_get s "manager"))
+     (when (!= m "")
+      (let (r (nz (map_get out m) (list))) (do (append r (map_get s "name")) (map_set out m r))))))
+   (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json out)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w22.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w22.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d2e084a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w22.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(do
+ (let (sc (parse_json Any (read_text "in/scores.json")))
+  (write_file "out/result.txt"
+   (str_join
+    (map_list u (parse_json Any (read_text "in/users.json"))
+     (str (map_get u "name") " " (sum (map_list s (filter s sc (= (map_get s "user") (map_get u "id"))) (map_get s "points")))))
+    "\n"))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w23.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w23.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b4c85fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w23.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(do
+ (let (st (parse_json Any (read_text "in/stock.json")))
+  (do
+   (for m (parse_json Any (read_text "in/moves.json"))
+    (map_set st (map_get m "sku") (+ (nz (map_get st (map_get m "sku")) 0) (map_get m "delta"))))
+   (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json st)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w24.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w24.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e2413dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w24.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(do
+ (let (out (dict))
+  (do
+   (for c (parse_json Any (read_text "in/carts.json"))
+    (for i (map_get c "items")
+     (map_set out (map_get i "sku") (+ (nz (map_get out (map_get i "sku")) 0) (map_get i "qty")))))
+   (write_file "out/result.json" (encode_json out)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w25.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w25.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db25a5d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w25.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(do
+ (let (n (to_int (str_trim (read_text "in/n.txt"))))
+  (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join (filter p (range 2 (+ n 1)) (not (any d (range 2 p) (= (% p d) 0)))) " "))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w26.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w26.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e2840ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w26.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(do
+ (let (n (to_int (str_trim (read_text "in/n.txt"))) k 0)
+  (do
+   (while (!= n 1)
+    (do (set n (if (= (% n 2) 0) (// n 2) (+ (* 3 n) 1))) (inc k)))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" (to_string k)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w27.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w27.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5147e09b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w27.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(do
+ (write_file "out/result.txt"
+  (str_join
+   (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/years.txt"))
+    (let (y (to_int l))
+     (str y (if (= (% y (if (= (% y 100) 0) 400 4)) 0) " leap" " common"))))
+   "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w28.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w28.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cea61335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w28.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+(do
+ (let (t (dict ("closed open" "opened") ("opened close" "closed") ("closed lock" "locked") ("locked unlock" "closed")) st "closed" i 0)
+  (do
+   (for c (lines (read_file "in/cmds.txt"))
+    (let (nx (map_get t (str st " " c)))
+     (do
+      (inc i)
+      (when (is_nil nx) (do (set st (str "error line " i ": cannot " c " when " st)) (break)))
+      (set st nx))))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" st))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w29.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w29.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38e4cb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w29.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+(do
+ (let (b (to_int (str_trim (read_text "in/budget.txt"))) tot 0 i 0 res "within budget")
+  (do
+   (for x (lines (read_file "in/spend.txt"))
+    (do
+     (inc i)
+     (set tot (+ tot (to_int x)))
+     (when (> tot b) (do (set res (str "over at " i)) (break)))))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" res))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w30.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w30.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14d61cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w30.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+(do
+ (let (v (dict ("I" 1) ("V" 5) ("X" 10) ("L" 50) ("C" 100) ("D" 500) ("M" 1000)))
+  (write_file "out/result.json"
+   (encode_json
+    (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/romans.txt"))
+     (let (ds (map_list c (str_split l "") (map_get v c)) t 0 i 0)
+      (do
+       (for d ds
+        (do
+         (inc i)
+         (set t (if (and (< i (list_len ds)) (< d (list_get ds i))) (- t d) (+ t d)))))
+       t)))))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w31.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w31.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e51dc655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w31.howl
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(do (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/nums.txt")) (to_base (to_int l) 2)) "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w32.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w32.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..974382f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w32.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+(do
+ (write_file "out/result.txt"
+  (str_join
+   (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/ids.txt"))
+    (let (t 0 i 0)
+     (do
+      (for c (reverse (str_split l ""))
+       (let (d (* (to_int c) (+ 1 (% i 2))))
+        (do (set t (+ t (if (> d 9) (- d 9) d))) (inc i))))
+      (str l (if (= (% t 10) 0) " valid" " invalid")))))
+   "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w33.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w33.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6ceec9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w33.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+(do
+ (let (b (sort_by e (sort_by e (parse_json Any (read_text "in/board.json")) (map_get e "name")) (- 0 (map_get e "score"))) r 0 p 0 out (list))
+  (do
+   (for e b
+    (let (s (map_get e "score"))
+     (do
+      (when (or (= r 0) (!= s p)) (do (inc r) (set p s)))
+      (append out (str r " " (map_get e "name") " " s)))))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" (str_join out "\n")))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w34.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w34.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75411f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w34.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+(do
+ (let (g (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/maze.txt")) (str_split l "")) r 0 c 0 w 0 i 0)
+  (do
+   (for row g
+    (do (when (list_contains row "S") (do (set r i) (set c (index_of row "S")))) (inc i)))
+   (for d (list (list -1 0) (list 1 0) (list 0 -1) (list 0 1))
+    (let ((dy dx) d y (+ r dy) x (+ c dx))
+     (when (and (>= y 0) (< y (list_len g)) (>= x 0) (< x (list_len (list_get g y))) (= (list_get (list_get g y) x) "#"))
+      (inc w))))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" (str r "," c " " w)))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w35.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w35.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..476bd7f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w35.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+(do
+ (let (p (parse_json Any (read_text "in/prices.json")) t (to_int (str_trim (read_text "in/target.txt"))) res "none")
+  (do
+   (for j (range (list_len p))
+    (do
+     (for i (range j)
+      (when (= (+ (list_get p i) (list_get p j)) t) (do (set res (str i " " j)) (break))))
+     (when (!= res "none") (break))))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" res))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w36.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w36.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ad60133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w36.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+(do
+ (write_file "out/result.txt"
+  (str_join
+   (map_list l (lines (read_file "in/passwords.txt"))
+    (let (cs (str_split l ""))
+     (if (< (str_len l) 8) "too short"
+      (not (any c cs (str_contains "0123456789" c))) "no digit"
+      (not (any c cs (str_contains "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" c))) "no upper"
+      "ok")))
+   "\n")))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w37.howl b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w37.howl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec244798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf/solutions/howl/w37.howl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(do
+ (let (b (str_split (str_join (lines (read_file "in/board.txt")) "") "") res "")
+  (do
+   (for t (list (list 0 1 2) (list 3 4 5) (list 6 7 8) (list 0 3 6) (list 1 4 7) (list 2 5 8) (list 0 4 8) (list 2 4 6))
+    (let ((i j k) t a (list_get b i))
+     (when (and (!= a ".") (= a (list_get b j)) (= a (list_get b k))) (set res a))))
+   (write_file "out/result.txt" (if (!= res "") res (list_contains b ".") "open" "draw")))))
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf_test.go b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ff114c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/postcf_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package heldoutv2
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// The post-control-flow HowlFrame set (postcf/) is a separate results set:
+// every task x language is verified with a current hash, the Python/JS/Go
+// references are the baseline files, and the results are pinned below.
+func TestHeldoutV2PostCFVerificationCoverage(t *testing.T) {
+	var manifest struct {
+		Tasks []struct {
+			ID string `json:"id"`
+		} `json:"tasks"`
+	}
+	readJSON(t, "tasks/manifest.json", &manifest)
+	var results []struct {
+		Task, Lang, SHA256 string
+		Pass               bool
+	}
+	readJSON(t, "postcf/results/verification.json", &results)
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, r := range results {
+		key := r.Task + "/" + r.Lang
+		if seen[key] {
+			t.Errorf("duplicate %s", key)
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		if !r.Pass {
+			t.Errorf("%s did not pass", key)
+		}
+		path := filepath.Join("solutions", r.Lang, r.Task+"."+exts[r.Lang])
+		if r.Lang == "howl" {
+			path = filepath.Join("postcf", "solutions", "howl", r.Task+".howl")
+		}
+		src, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s: %v", key, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if got := fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha256.Sum256(src)); got != r.SHA256 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: stale hash", key)
+		}
+	}
+	if want := len(manifest.Tasks) * len(exts); len(results) != want {
+		t.Errorf("%d results, want %d (postcf has no gaps)", len(results), want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHeldoutV2PostCFResultsFrozen(t *testing.T) {
+	frozen := map[string]string{
+		"postcf/results/compare.md":        "03020dcb9beb29976460b670a5331e1df009f5115c24699cd4503bf927078cbb",
+		"postcf/results/summary.json":      "4553229c7ce800311b854394017b97b55cb62dbfb79aa39c82be3690930f03e1",
+		"postcf/results/tokens.csv":        "acf707796bc89132c88a31918ec152d8e77843aec4ba818b7ccd8889c9bfcfee",
+		"postcf/results/tokens.json":       "e10b5b43497db767c4fd4e77b6ddf97976854e4ce11c2a57b63899e5f210c08e",
+		"postcf/results/verification.json": "11b1844f42e57b818c9cb3b31672a8ef8df72feddf0eaa7a723d9f570f5dff16",
+	}
+	for path, want := range frozen {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if got := fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha256.Sum256(data)); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("%s changed after post-control-flow freeze: %s", path, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/run_postcf.sh b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/run_postcf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..f9354144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/run_postcf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Post-control-flow rerun: same specs, same Python/JS/Go references and the
+# same verifier/tokenizer as run.sh, HowlFrame sources from postcf/. The
+# frozen baseline (solutions/howl, results/) is not touched.
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
+export GOCACHE="${GOCACHE:-/tmp/hf-token-go-cache}"
+go build -o /tmp/howlframe .
+go build -o /tmp/heldoutv2verify ./experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2/cmd/heldoutv2verify
+B=experiments/token-efficiency-heldout-v2
+status=0
+/tmp/heldoutv2verify -howlframe /tmp/howlframe -howl-dir "$B/postcf/solutions/howl" -results "$B/postcf/results" || status=$?
+if [ "$status" -eq 0 ]; then
+  "${TOKBENCH_PYTHON:-python3}" "$B/count_tokens.py" --howl-dir postcf/solutions/howl --results postcf/results
+  "${TOKBENCH_PYTHON:-python3}" "$B/compare_postcf.py"
+fi
+exit "$status"
diff --git a/howlframe.go b/howlframe.go
index 79a3558e..363a1918 100644
--- a/howlframe.go
+++ b/howlframe.go
@@ -792,6 +792,7 @@ func buildSource() {
 	root = ast.ApplyWithContext(root, nil)
 	root = ast.ApplyWithContext(root, nil)
 	construct.EnforceArity(root)
+	rejectUnsupportedTargetControlflow(root, strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(*target)))
 	ast.Desugar(root)
 	if diags := hfir.VerifyProfile(root, profile, inputFile, ""); len(diags) > 0 {
 		reportHFIRDiagnostics(diags)
@@ -1242,3 +1243,47 @@ func rejectUnsupportedTargetValueForms(root *ast.Node, target string) {
 	}
 	walk(root, false)
 }
+
+// rejectUnsupportedTargetControlflow fails closed on --target=go|js for the
+// heldout-v2 control-flow and core built-ins (%, //, break, range, max_by,
+// min_by, sort_by, pad_left, pad_right, str_repeat, rtrim, ltrim, to_base),
+// n-ary if (elif chains) and let destructuring. They are bytecode-target sugar:
+// the expansions use let-expressions in value position or loop flags the Go
+// and JS backends do not emit. It runs on the source tree before desugaring,
+// before any file is written: nonzero exit, no "Built", no output.
+func rejectUnsupportedTargetControlflow(root *ast.Node, target string) {
+	if target != "go" && target != "js" && target != "javascript" {
+		return
+	}
+	heads := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, h := range ast.ControlflowHeads {
+		heads[h] = true
+	}
+	fail := func(what string, n *ast.Node) {
+		ast.ReportError(fmt.Sprintf("UNSUPPORTED_ON_TARGET: %s is not supported on --target=%s (control-flow/core built-ins are bytecode-target sugar); build for the bytecode target instead", what, target), n.Line, n.Column)
+	}
+	var walk func(n *ast.Node)
+	walk = func(n *ast.Node) {
+		if n == nil || n.Type != "List" {
+			return
+		}
+		if len(n.Children) > 0 && n.Children[0].Type == "SYMBOL" {
+			switch h := n.Children[0].Value; {
+			case heads[h]:
+				fail(h, n)
+			case h == "if" && len(n.Children) > 4:
+				fail("n-ary if (elif chain)", n)
+			case h == "let" && len(n.Children) > 1 && n.Children[1] != nil:
+				for i, b := range n.Children[1].Children {
+					if i%2 == 0 && b != nil && b.Type == "List" && len(n.Children[1].Children)%2 == 0 {
+						fail("let destructuring", b)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		for _, c := range n.Children {
+			walk(c)
+		}
+	}
+	walk(root)
+}
diff --git a/internal/ast/desugar.go b/internal/ast/desugar.go
index 3af06e27..db254d77 100644
--- a/internal/ast/desugar.go
+++ b/internal/ast/desugar.go
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ func Desugar(node *Node) {
 	collectDefunNames(node, funcs)
 	desugarInContext(node, "root", 0)
 	rewriteAutoCallsInContext(node, funcs, "root", 0)
+	reportStrayBreaks(node)
 }
 
 // desugarInContext walks the tree with parent context so binding pairs and
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ func desugarInContext(node *Node, parentHead string, childIndex int) {
 	}
 	// Expand multi-binding let before walking so children see single bindings.
 	if head == "let" {
+		desugarDestructure(node)
 		desugarMultiLet(node)
 		head = node.Children[0].Value
 	}
@@ -225,6 +227,14 @@ func desugarInContext(node *Node, parentHead string, childIndex int) {
 		if isSugarExprContext(parentHead, childIndex) && desugarCorelib(node) {
 			desugarInContext(node, parentHead, childIndex)
 		}
+	case "%", "//", "range", "max_by", "min_by", "sort_by", "pad_left", "pad_right", "str_repeat", "rtrim", "ltrim", "to_base":
+		if isSugarExprContext(parentHead, childIndex) && desugarControlflow(node) {
+			desugarInContext(node, parentHead, childIndex)
+		}
+	case "if":
+		desugarNaryIf(node)
+	case "for", "while":
+		desugarLoopBreak(node)
 	case "list_get":
 		// A literal (list …) operand is left alone: backends such as wasm
 		// lower it directly and do not support let.
@@ -262,7 +272,9 @@ func isSugarExprContext(parentHead string, childIndex int) bool {
 		"req_header", "req_method", "req_path", "req_query",
 		"llm_generate", "confidence",
 		// Core-library sugar (heldout-v1).
-		"list_slice", "str_slice", "str_len", "index_of", "map_list", "filter", "reduce", "sum", "min", "max", "reverse", "count_by", "sort":
+		"list_slice", "str_slice", "str_len", "index_of", "map_list", "filter", "reduce", "sum", "min", "max", "reverse", "count_by", "sort",
+		// Control-flow and core built-ins (heldout-v2 follow-up).
+		"%", "//", "range", "max_by", "min_by", "sort_by", "pad_left", "pad_right", "str_repeat", "rtrim", "ltrim", "to_base":
 		return true
 	case "for":
 		return childIndex == 2 || childIndex == 3
@@ -363,6 +375,8 @@ var reservedCallHeads = map[string]bool{
 	"blank": true, "unix_now": true, "ver_gt": true, "ver_ge": true, "all": true, "any": true, "parse_json": true,
 	"list_slice": true, "str_slice": true, "str_len": true, "index_of": true, "map_list": true, "filter": true,
 	"reduce": true, "sum": true, "min": true, "max": true, "reverse": true, "count_by": true, "sort": true,
+	"%": true, "//": true, "range": true, "max_by": true, "min_by": true, "sort_by": true, "pad_left": true,
+	"pad_right": true, "str_repeat": true, "rtrim": true, "ltrim": true, "to_base": true, "break": true,
 	"dict": true, "exit": true, "for": true, "if": true, "let": true,
 	"list": true, "print": true, "return": true, "set": true, "stderr": true,
 	"to_lower": true, "to_upper": true, "str_trim": true,
diff --git a/internal/ast/desugar_controlflow.go b/internal/ast/desugar_controlflow.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98a5c78a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/ast/desugar_controlflow.go
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+package ast
+
+import "strings"
+
+// Control-flow and core built-ins (heldout-v2 follow-up). Like the
+// heldout-v1 core library, every form expands into existing, already lowered
+// constructs (let, if, while, for, set, append, list_get, list_len, str_split,
+// str_join, arithmetic, comparisons), so it adds no opcode, capability or
+// effect and runs identically on the interpreter, AST bytecode and HFIR
+// bytecode. Go/JS targets reject every form with UNSUPPORTED_ON_TARGET.
+//
+//   (% a b)              integer remainder, floored like Python: the result
+//                        has the sign of b. (% 7 3)=1, (% -7 3)=2, (% 7 -3)=-2.
+//   (// a b)             floored integer division: (// -7 2) = -4.
+//                        Both use exact int arithmetic around one float
+//                        division, so |a| must stay below 2^53. b = 0 is the
+//                        existing RUNTIME_ERROR "division by zero".
+//   (if c1 a c2 b ... [else])  n-ary if: elif chains without cond clauses.
+//   (break)              leaves the innermost for/while. Statement position
+//                        only (directly or via do/if/when/unless/let bodies
+//                        inside the loop); anywhere else is a compile error.
+//   (range n) / (range a b)  list of ints a..b-1 (empty when b <= a).
+//   (max_by x lst key) / (min_by x lst key)  element with the largest /
+//                        smallest key (first on ties). Empty list:
+//                        "VALUE_ERROR: max_by of empty list", exit 1.
+//   (sort_by x lst key)  stable ascending sort by key (numbers or strings).
+//                        Keys are computed once per element. O(n^2).
+//   (pad_left s n [ch]) / (pad_right s n [ch])  pad (str s) with ch
+//                        (default " ") until it is at least n bytes.
+//   (str_repeat s n)     s repeated n times ("" when n <= 0).
+//   (rtrim s) / (ltrim s)  strip " ", "\t", "\n", "\r" from one end.
+//   (to_base n b)        n in base b (2..36), lowercase digits, "-" prefix
+//                        for negatives. Other bases: "VALUE_ERROR: to_base
+//                        base must be 2..36", exit 1.
+//   (let ((a b) lst) body)  destructuring: a = (list_get lst 0), b = ... .
+
+var controlflowTemplates = map[string]struct {
+	arity  int
+	vars   []string
+	temps  []string
+	tpl    string
+	binder int
+}{
+	"%": {2, []string{"a", "b"}, []string{"A", "B", "R"},
+		"(let ($A $a $B $b $R (- $A (* $B (to_int (/ $A $B))))) (if (and (!= $R 0) (!= (< $R 0) (< $B 0))) (+ $R $B) $R))", -1},
+	"//": {2, []string{"a", "b"}, []string{"A", "B"},
+		"(let ($A $a $B $b) (to_int (/ (- $A (% $A $B)) $B)))", -1},
+	"range": {2, []string{"a", "b"}, []string{"A", "B", "R"},
+		"(let ($A $a $B $b $R (list)) (do (while (< $A $B) (do (append $R $A) (set $A (+ $A 1)))) $R))", -1},
+	"max_by": {3, []string{"x", "lst", "key"}, []string{"L", "KS", "I", "M", "MK", "K"},
+		"(let ($L $lst $KS (map_list $x $L $key) $I 0 $M (list_get $L 0) $MK (list_get $KS 0)) (do (when (= (list_len $L) 0) (do (stderr $msg) (exit 1))) (for $K $KS (do (when (> $K $MK) (do (set $M (list_get $L $I)) (set $MK $K))) (set $I (+ $I 1)))) $M))", 0},
+	"min_by": {3, []string{"x", "lst", "key"}, []string{"L", "KS", "I", "M", "MK", "K"},
+		"(let ($L $lst $KS (map_list $x $L $key) $I 0 $M (list_get $L 0) $MK (list_get $KS 0)) (do (when (= (list_len $L) 0) (do (stderr $msg) (exit 1))) (for $K $KS (do (when (< $K $MK) (do (set $M (list_get $L $I)) (set $MK $K))) (set $I (+ $I 1)))) $M))", 0},
+	"sort_by": {3, []string{"x", "lst", "key"}, []string{"L", "KS", "R", "I", "K", "N", "F", "J", "Y"},
+		"(let ($L $lst $KS (map_list $x $L $key) $R (list) $I 0) (do (for $K $KS (let ($N (list) $F 0) (do (for $J $R (do (when (and (= $F 0) (< $K (list_get $KS $J))) (do (append $N $I) (set $F 1))) (append $N $J))) (when (= $F 0) (append $N $I)) (set $R $N) (set $I (+ $I 1))))) (map_list $Y $R (list_get $L $Y))))", 0},
+	"pad_left": {3, []string{"s", "n", "ch"}, []string{"S", "N", "C", "P"},
+		"(let ($S (str $s) $N $n $C $ch $P $E) (do (while (< (+ (str_len $P) (str_len $S)) $N) (set $P (str $P $C))) (str $P $S)))", -1},
+	"pad_right": {3, []string{"s", "n", "ch"}, []string{"S", "N", "C"},
+		"(let ($S (str $s) $N $n $C $ch) (do (while (< (str_len $S) $N) (set $S (str $S $C))) $S))", -1},
+	"str_repeat": {2, []string{"s", "n"}, []string{"S", "N", "R"},
+		"(let ($S $s $N $n $R $E) (do (while (> $N 0) (do (set $R (str $R $S)) (set $N (- $N 1)))) $R))", -1},
+	"rtrim": {1, []string{"s"}, []string{"C", "N"},
+		"(let ($C (str_split $s $E) $N (list_len $C)) (do (while (and (> $N 0) (list_contains $WS (list_get $C (- $N 1)))) (set $N (- $N 1))) (str_join (list_slice $C 0 $N) $E)))", -1},
+	"ltrim": {1, []string{"s"}, []string{"C", "N", "I"},
+		"(let ($C (str_split $s $E) $N (list_len $C) $I 0) (do (while (and (< $I $N) (list_contains $WS (list_get $C $I))) (set $I (+ $I 1))) (str_join (list_slice $C $I $N) $E)))", -1},
+	"to_base": {2, []string{"n", "b"}, []string{"N", "B", "G", "R", "NEG"},
+		"(let ($N $n $B $b $G (str_split $D $E) $R $E $NEG (< $N 0)) (do (when (or (< $B 2) (> $B 36)) (do (stderr $msg) (exit 1))) (when $NEG (set $N (- 0 $N))) (while (> $N 0) (do (set $R (str (list_get $G (% $N $B)) $R)) (set $N (// $N $B)))) (when (= $R $E) (set $R $Z)) (when $NEG (set $R (str $MINUS $R))) $R))", -1},
+}
+
+// ControlflowHeads lists every head added by this file plus break, for the
+// Go/JS target rejection and the reserved-call list.
+var ControlflowHeads = []string{"%", "//", "range", "max_by", "min_by", "sort_by", "pad_left", "pad_right", "str_repeat", "rtrim", "ltrim", "to_base", "break"}
+
+// IsControlflowSugar reports whether head is a template form of this file.
+func IsControlflowSugar(head string) bool {
+	_, ok := controlflowTemplates[head]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func strNode(v string, at *Node) *Node {
+	return &Node{Type: "STRING", Value: v, Line: at.Line, Column: at.Column, Filename: at.Filename}
+}
+
+func desugarControlflow(node *Node) bool {
+	head := node.Children[0].Value
+	spec := controlflowTemplates[head]
+	switch {
+	case head == "range" && len(node.Children) == 2:
+		zero := &Node{Type: "INT", Value: "0", Line: node.Line, Column: node.Column, Filename: node.Filename}
+		node.Children = []*Node{node.Children[0], zero, node.Children[1]}
+	case (head == "pad_left" || head == "pad_right") && len(node.Children) == 3:
+		node.Children = append(node.Children, strNode(" ", node))
+	}
+	if len(node.Children) != spec.arity+1 {
+		ReportError(head+" expects "+itoa(spec.arity)+" arguments", node.Line, node.Column)
+		return false
+	}
+	if spec.binder >= 0 && node.Children[spec.binder+1].Type != "SYMBOL" {
+		ReportError(head+" expects a variable name as argument "+itoa(spec.binder+1), node.Line, node.Column)
+		return false
+	}
+	args := map[string]*Node{}
+	for i, v := range spec.vars {
+		args[v] = node.Children[i+1]
+	}
+	// Literal constants get a fresh node per occurrence (the template
+	// builder only clones symbols).
+	consts := map[string]func() *Node{
+		"E":     func() *Node { return strNode("", node) },
+		"Z":     func() *Node { return strNode("0", node) },
+		"MINUS": func() *Node { return strNode("-", node) },
+		"D":     func() *Node { return strNode("0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", node) },
+		"WS": func() *Node {
+			return &Node{Type: "List", Line: node.Line, Column: node.Column, Filename: node.Filename, Children: []*Node{
+				symNode("list", node), strNode(" ", node), strNode("\t", node), strNode("\n", node), strNode("\r", node)}}
+		},
+	}
+	tpl := spec.tpl
+	toks := strings.Fields(strings.NewReplacer("(", " ( ", ")", " ) ").Replace(tpl))
+	for i, t := range toks {
+		if mk, ok := consts[strings.TrimPrefix(t, "$")]; ok && strings.HasPrefix(t, "$") {
+			key := "const" + itoa(i)
+			args[key] = mk()
+			toks[i] = "$" + key
+		}
+	}
+	tpl = strings.Join(toks, " ")
+	switch head {
+	case "max_by", "min_by":
+		args["msg"] = strNode("VALUE_ERROR: "+head+" of empty list\n", node)
+	case "to_base":
+		args["msg"] = strNode("VALUE_ERROR: to_base base must be 2..36\n", node)
+	}
+	for _, tmp := range spec.temps {
+		args[tmp] = symNode(compactTemp("cl"+tmp), node)
+	}
+	node.Children = buildTemplateFresh(tpl, args, nil, node).Children
+	return true
+}
+
+// desugarNaryIf turns (if c1 a c2 b ... [else]) with more than three
+// arguments into nested binary ifs. Returns true when it rewrote the node.
+func desugarNaryIf(node *Node) bool {
+	if len(node.Children) <= 4 {
+		return false
+	}
+	args := node.Children[1:]
+	var build func(i int) *Node
+	build = func(i int) *Node {
+		rest := len(args) - i
+		if rest == 1 {
+			return args[i]
+		}
+		n := &Node{Type: "List", Line: node.Line, Column: node.Column, Filename: node.Filename,
+			Children: []*Node{symNode("if", node), args[i], args[i+1]}}
+		if rest > 2 {
+			n.Children = append(n.Children, build(i+2))
+		}
+		return n
+	}
+	node.Children = build(0).Children
+	return true
+}
+
+// desugarDestructure rewrites list-pattern bindings in a let binding list:
+// ((a b) v) becomes (T v a (list_get T 0) b (list_get T 1)).
+func desugarDestructure(node *Node) {
+	if len(node.Children) < 3 {
+		return
+	}
+	binding := node.Children[1]
+	if binding == nil || binding.Type != "List" || len(binding.Children)%2 != 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	var out []*Node
+	changed := false
+	for i := 0; i+1 < len(binding.Children); i += 2 {
+		name, val := binding.Children[i], binding.Children[i+1]
+		if name == nil || name.Type != "List" || len(name.Children) == 0 || !allSymbols(name.Children) {
+			out = append(out, name, val)
+			continue
+		}
+		changed = true
+		tmp := compactTemp("clDS")
+		out = append(out, symNode(tmp, node), val)
+		for j, sym := range name.Children {
+			idx := &Node{Type: "INT", Value: itoa(j), Line: sym.Line, Column: sym.Column, Filename: sym.Filename}
+			get := &Node{Type: "List", Line: sym.Line, Column: sym.Column, Filename: sym.Filename,
+				Children: []*Node{symNode("list_get", sym), symNode(tmp, sym), idx}}
+			out = append(out, sym, get)
+		}
+	}
+	if changed {
+		binding.Children = out
+	}
+}
+
+func allSymbols(ns []*Node) bool {
+	for _, n := range ns {
+		if n == nil || n.Type != "SYMBOL" {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func isBreak(n *Node) bool {
+	return n != nil && n.Type == "List" && len(n.Children) >= 1 && n.Children[0].Type == "SYMBOL" && n.Children[0].Value == "break"
+}
+
+func isLoop(n *Node) bool {
+	return n != nil && n.Type == "List" && len(n.Children) > 0 && n.Children[0].Type == "SYMBOL" &&
+		(n.Children[0].Value == "for" || n.Children[0].Value == "while")
+}
+
+// rewriteBreaks replaces statement-position (break) forms in a loop body by
+// (set F 1) and guards every later statement of an enclosing do with
+// (if (= F 0) ...). It does not enter nested loops (their breaks are already
+// rewritten bottom-up) and reports whether it rewrote anything.
+func rewriteBreaks(n *Node, flag string) bool {
+	if n == nil || n.Type != "List" || len(n.Children) == 0 || isLoop(n) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if isBreak(n) {
+		if len(n.Children) != 1 {
+			ReportError("break takes no arguments", n.Line, n.Column)
+		}
+		n.Children = []*Node{symNode("set", n), symNode(flag, n), {Type: "INT", Value: "1", Line: n.Line, Column: n.Column, Filename: n.Filename}}
+		return true
+	}
+	if n.Children[0].Type != "SYMBOL" {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch n.Children[0].Value {
+	case "do", "cli_app":
+		for i := 1; i < len(n.Children); i++ {
+			if !rewriteBreaks(n.Children[i], flag) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if i+1 < len(n.Children) {
+				rest := &Node{Type: "List", Line: n.Line, Column: n.Column, Filename: n.Filename,
+					Children: append([]*Node{symNode("do", n)}, n.Children[i+1:]...)}
+				rewriteBreaks(rest, flag)
+				guard := &Node{Type: "List", Line: n.Line, Column: n.Column, Filename: n.Filename,
+					Children: []*Node{symNode("if", n), flagIsZero(flag, n), rest}}
+				n.Children = append(n.Children[:i+1], guard)
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	case "if":
+		hit := false
+		for i := 2; i < len(n.Children); i++ {
+			if rewriteBreaks(n.Children[i], flag) {
+				hit = true
+			}
+		}
+		return hit
+	case "let":
+		if len(n.Children) > 2 {
+			return rewriteBreaks(n.Children[2], flag)
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func flagIsZero(flag string, at *Node) *Node {
+	return &Node{Type: "List", Line: at.Line, Column: at.Column, Filename: at.Filename, Children: []*Node{
+		symNode("=", at), symNode(flag, at), {Type: "INT", Value: "0", Line: at.Line, Column: at.Column, Filename: at.Filename}}}
+}
+
+// desugarLoopBreak rewrites a for/while whose body breaks into
+// (let (F 0) (while (and (= F 0) c) body')) or
+// (let (F 0) (for x lst (if (= F 0) body'))). A for keeps iterating its
+// (already evaluated) list but does nothing after the break.
+func desugarLoopBreak(node *Node) {
+	if len(node.Children) < 3 {
+		return
+	}
+	bodyIdx := len(node.Children) - 1
+	flag := compactTemp("clBRK")
+	if !rewriteBreaks(node.Children[bodyIdx], flag) {
+		return
+	}
+	loop := &Node{Type: "List", Line: node.Line, Column: node.Column, Filename: node.Filename, Children: node.Children}
+	if node.Children[0].Value == "while" {
+		loop.Children[1] = &Node{Type: "List", Line: node.Line, Column: node.Column, Filename: node.Filename,
+			Children: []*Node{symNode("and", node), flagIsZero(flag, node), loop.Children[1]}}
+	} else {
+		loop.Children[bodyIdx] = &Node{Type: "List", Line: node.Line, Column: node.Column, Filename: node.Filename,
+			Children: []*Node{symNode("if", node), flagIsZero(flag, node), loop.Children[bodyIdx]}}
+	}
+	node.Children = []*Node{symNode("let", node),
+		{Type: "List", Line: node.Line, Column: node.Column, Filename: node.Filename, Children: []*Node{
+			symNode(flag, node), {Type: "INT", Value: "0", Line: node.Line, Column: node.Column, Filename: node.Filename}}},
+		loop}
+}
+
+// reportStrayBreaks fails closed on any (break) left after desugaring: one
+// outside a loop, or in a value position the loop rewrite does not reach.
+func reportStrayBreaks(n *Node) {
+	if n == nil || n.Type != "List" {
+		return
+	}
+	if isBreak(n) {
+		ReportError("break must be a statement inside for/while (directly or in do/if/when/unless/let bodies)", n.Line, n.Column)
+		return
+	}
+	for _, c := range n.Children {
+		reportStrayBreaks(c)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/bytecode/construct_drift_test.go b/internal/bytecode/construct_drift_test.go
index 63e66276..c283bbdd 100644
--- a/internal/bytecode/construct_drift_test.go
+++ b/internal/bytecode/construct_drift_test.go
@@ -139,6 +139,19 @@ func TestCompileTimeOnlyConstructsReachingCompileNodeHaveCases(t *testing.T) {
 		"reverse":       true, // ast.Desugar core library
 		"count_by":      true, // ast.Desugar core library
 		"sort":          true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"%":             true, // ast.Desugar control-flow
+		"//":            true, // ast.Desugar control-flow
+		"break":         true, // ast.Desugar control-flow (loop flag)
+		"range":         true, // ast.Desugar control-flow
+		"max_by":        true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"min_by":        true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"sort_by":       true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"pad_left":      true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"pad_right":     true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"str_repeat":    true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"rtrim":         true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"ltrim":         true, // ast.Desugar core library
+		"to_base":       true, // ast.Desugar core library
 		"ver_ge":        true, // ast.Desugar
 		"nz":            true, // ast.Desugar
 		"sget":          true, // ast.Desugar
diff --git a/internal/construct/arity.go b/internal/construct/arity.go
index 26c8349e..f51b049d 100644
--- a/internal/construct/arity.go
+++ b/internal/construct/arity.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ var arities = map[string]Arity{
 	"env": {1, 1}, "ephemeral_circuit": {2, Variadic}, "exec": {1, Variadic}, "exit": {1, 1},
 	"fetch": {2, 3}, "filter": {3, 3}, "for": {3, 3}, "html_escape": {1, 1},
 	"http_body": {1, 1}, "http_request": {2, 3}, "http_res": {1, 1}, "http_server": {1, Variadic},
-	"http_status": {1, 1}, "if": {2, 3}, "inc": {1, 1}, "index_of": {2, 2}, "is_nil": {1, 1},
+	"http_status": {1, 1}, "if": {2, Variadic}, "inc": {1, 1}, "index_of": {2, 2}, "is_nil": {1, 1},
 	"lazy_synthesize": {3, 3}, "let": {2, 2}, "lines": {1, 1}, "list": {0, Variadic},
 	"list_contains": {2, 2}, "list_get": {2, 2}, "list_len": {1, 1}, "list_slice": {2, 3},
 	"llm_generate": {1, 2}, "map_delete": {2, 2}, "map_get": {2, 2}, "map_has": {2, 2},
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ var arities = map[string]Arity{
 	"try_let": {2, Variadic}, "unix_now": {0, 0}, "unless": {1, Variadic}, "ver_ge": {2, 2},
 	"ver_gt": {2, 2}, "wasm_app": {0, Variadic}, "web_app": {0, Variadic}, "when": {1, Variadic},
 	"while": {2, 2}, "write_file": {2, 2},
+	// Control-flow and core built-ins (heldout-v2 follow-up).
+	"%": {2, 2}, "//": {2, 2}, "break": {0, 0}, "range": {1, 2}, "max_by": {3, 3}, "min_by": {3, 3},
+	"sort_by": {3, 3}, "pad_left": {2, 3}, "pad_right": {2, 3}, "str_repeat": {2, 2}, "rtrim": {1, 1},
+	"ltrim": {1, 1}, "to_base": {2, 2},
 }
 
 // arityExempt lists registry constructs with no arity entry, each with the
diff --git a/internal/construct/arity_test.go b/internal/construct/arity_test.go
index 845a1332..bf1aa783 100644
--- a/internal/construct/arity_test.go
+++ b/internal/construct/arity_test.go
@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ func TestArityMessages(t *testing.T) {
 		`(cli_app (fetch "u"))`:                     "ARITY_ERROR: fetch expects 2 to 3 args, got 1",
 		`(cli_app (defun f (x)))`:                   "ARITY_ERROR: defun expects at least 3 args, got 2",
 		`(cli_app (write_file "a" "b" "c"))`:        "ARITY_ERROR: write_file expects 2 args, got 3",
+		`(cli_app (print (% 1)))`:                   "ARITY_ERROR: % expects 2 args, got 1",
+		`(cli_app (print (range)))`:                 "ARITY_ERROR: range expects 1 to 2 args, got 0",
+		`(cli_app (for x (list 1) (break 1)))`:      "ARITY_ERROR: break expects 0 args, got 1",
+		`(cli_app (print (sort_by x (list 1))))`:    "ARITY_ERROR: sort_by expects 3 args, got 2",
+		`(cli_app (print (pad_left "a")))`:          "ARITY_ERROR: pad_left expects 2 to 3 args, got 1",
+		`(cli_app (print (to_base 1 2 3)))`:         "ARITY_ERROR: to_base expects 2 args, got 3",
 		`(cli_app (let (x (read_file)) (print x)))`: "ARITY_ERROR: read_file expects 1 arg, got 0",
 	}
 	for src, want := range cases {
diff --git a/internal/construct/construct.go b/internal/construct/construct.go
index c95991a5..e822a561 100644
--- a/internal/construct/construct.go
+++ b/internal/construct/construct.go
@@ -80,10 +80,12 @@ type Entry struct {
 // a copy on every call. construct_test.go enforces the ordering.
 var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "!=", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case"},
+	{Name: "%", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "control-flow sugar; (% a b) floored remainder via to_int(/)/*/- by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "*", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case"},
 	{Name: "+", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case"},
 	{Name: "-", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case"},
 	{Name: "/", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case"},
+	{Name: "//", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "control-flow sugar; (// a b) floored integer division via % and / by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "<", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case"},
 	{Name: "<=", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case"},
 	{Name: "=", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case, normalized to =="},
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "assert_semantic", Support: Unsupported, Note: "LLM intent assertion; no opcode, Go backend only"},
 	{Name: "attr_escape", Support: Supported, Note: "ATTR_ESCAPE; same encoding as html_escape, named for attribute context"},
 	{Name: "blank", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "density sugar; (blank x) → (= x \"\") by ast.Desugar"},
+	{Name: "break", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "control-flow sugar; (break) in a for/while body becomes a flag set + guarded rest by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "bytes_to_string", Support: Supported, Note: "CONVERT"},
 	{Name: "call", Support: Supported, Note: "CALL"},
 	{Name: "cli_app", Support: Supported, Note: "compiles every child in sequence"},
@@ -144,6 +147,7 @@ var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "list_len", Support: Supported, Note: "LIST_LEN; list, string, or bytes"},
 	{Name: "list_slice", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (list_slice lst a b) elements a..b-1, negative from end by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "llm_generate", Support: Supported, Note: "LLM_GENERATE"},
+	{Name: "ltrim", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (ltrim s) via str_split/while/list_slice/str_join by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "map_delete", Support: Supported, Note: "MAP_DELETE"},
 	{Name: "map_get", Support: Supported, Note: "MAP_GET"},
 	{Name: "map_has", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "density sugar; dict key membership via map_keys by ast.Desugar"},
@@ -152,8 +156,10 @@ var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "map_set", Support: Supported, Note: "MAP_SET"},
 	{Name: "match", Support: Unsupported, Note: "no opcode; the interpreter also fails closed on it (internal/vm/vm.go); use switch"},
 	{Name: "max", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (max lst) for/when/> by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
+	{Name: "max_by", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (max_by x lst key) via map_list/for by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "middleware", Support: Unsupported, Note: "HTTP middleware chain; no opcode, Go backend only"},
 	{Name: "min", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (min lst) for/when/< by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
+	{Name: "min_by", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (min_by x lst key) via map_list/for by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "mkdir", Support: Supported, Note: "MKDIR"},
 	{Name: "module", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "parser.ExpandIncludes/ast.ResolveModules consume (module ...) children of the root before checker.Check or lowering ever run (improvements.md #95); a root that is itself a module (no importer) is a malformed standalone program and fails earlier, in checker.Check"},
 	{Name: "neural_circuit", Support: Supported, Note: "NEURAL_CIRCUIT"},
@@ -162,9 +168,12 @@ var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "optimize_block", Support: Supported, Note: "compiles children[3:]"},
 	{Name: "optimize_signature", Support: Supported, Note: "compiles the final child; the preceding metric/test/candidate forms are metadata"},
 	{Name: "or", Support: Supported, Note: "compileNode binop case"},
+	{Name: "pad_left", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (pad_left s n [ch]) via while/str by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
+	{Name: "pad_right", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (pad_right s n [ch]) via while/str by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "parse_json", Support: Supported, Opaque: true, Note: "PARSE_JSON; reads child .Value directly"},
 	{Name: "patch", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "applied and removed by ast.ApplyPatches before lowering"},
 	{Name: "print", Support: Supported, Note: "PRINT"},
+	{Name: "range", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "control-flow sugar; (range [a] b) int list via while/append by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "read_file", Support: Supported, Note: "READ_FILE"},
 	{Name: "read_line", Support: Supported, Note: "READ_LINE"},
 	{Name: "read_text", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "density sugar; expanded to bytes_to_string/read_file by ast.Desugar before lowering"},
@@ -179,6 +188,7 @@ var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "res_json", Support: Supported, Note: "RES_JSON"},
 	{Name: "return", Support: Supported, Note: "RETURN"},
 	{Name: "reverse", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (reverse lst) while/list_get/append by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
+	{Name: "rtrim", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (rtrim s) via str_split/while/list_slice/str_join by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "schema", Support: Unsupported, Note: "declarative SQL migration; no opcode, Go backend only"},
 	{Name: "schema_bridge", Support: Supported, Note: "compiles the wrapped source expression"},
 	{Name: "semantic_match", Support: Unsupported, Note: "LLM intent dispatch; no opcode, Go backend only"},
@@ -187,6 +197,7 @@ var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "sinc", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "density sugar; store string-counter increment+print by ast.Desugar"},
 	{Name: "sleep", Support: Supported, Note: "SLEEP"},
 	{Name: "sort", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (sort lst) stable insertion sort via for/when/</append by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
+	{Name: "sort_by", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (sort_by x lst key) stable insertion sort on precomputed keys by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "spawn", Support: Supported, Note: "SPAWN"},
 	{Name: "spawn_agent", Support: Supported, Note: "SPAWN_AGENT"},
 	{Name: "sput", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "density sugar; store string-val put via store_put/dict by ast.Desugar"},
@@ -202,6 +213,7 @@ var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "str_contains", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "density sugar; substring test via str_split/list_len by ast.Desugar"},
 	{Name: "str_join", Support: Supported, Note: "STR_JOIN"},
 	{Name: "str_len", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (str_len s) byte length via str_split/list_len by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
+	{Name: "str_repeat", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (str_repeat s n) via while/str by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "str_replace", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "density sugar; replace via str_split/str_join by ast.Desugar"},
 	{Name: "str_slice", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (str_slice s a b) bytes a..b-1 via str_split/list_slice/str_join by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "str_split", Support: Supported, Note: "STR_SPLIT"},
@@ -212,6 +224,7 @@ var table = []Entry{
 	{Name: "task", Support: Supported, Opaque: true, Note: "TASK; reads description child .Value directly; optional body forms execute through SPAWN_AGENT"},
 	{Name: "test", Support: Unsupported, Tracker: "improvements.md #96", Note: "test blocks are extracted into Go _test.go output; the VM cannot run them"},
 	{Name: "time_now", Support: Supported, Note: "TIME_NOW"},
+	{Name: "to_base", Support: CompileTimeOnly, Note: "core-library sugar; (to_base n b) digits via %/// and list_get by ast.Desugar (pure)"},
 	{Name: "to_float", Support: Supported, Note: "CONVERT"},
 	{Name: "to_int", Support: Supported, Note: "CONVERT"},
 	{Name: "to_lower", Support: Supported, Note: "CONVERT; strings.ToLower"},
@@ -392,6 +405,21 @@ func scanNode(node *ast.Node, parentHead string, out *[]Violation, profile Profi
 		if entry.Opaque {
 			return
 		}
+		if entry.Name == "cond" {
+			// (cond (test body...) ... (else body...)): each clause is
+			// structural, never a construct; its test and body are code.
+			for _, clause := range node.Children[1:] {
+				if clause == nil || clause.Type != "List" || len(clause.Children) == 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+				from := 0
+				if h := clause.Children[0]; h.Type == "SYMBOL" && h.Value == "else" {
+					from = 1
+				}
+				scanChildren(clause, entry.Name, out, from, profile)
+			}
+			return
+		}
 		scanChildren(node, entry.Name, out, 1, profile)
 		return
 	}
diff --git a/internal/lexer/lexer.go b/internal/lexer/lexer.go
index ffc8c924..9f3f5f32 100644
--- a/internal/lexer/lexer.go
+++ b/internal/lexer/lexer.go
@@ -122,8 +122,17 @@ func (l *Lexer) NextToken() Token {
 		}
 		return Token{Type: TokenString, Value: val, Line: startLine, Column: startCol}
 	}
+	// A '-' directly followed by a digit starts a negative number literal
+	// (-1, -2.5). "-" alone and symbols such as a-1 are unaffected.
+	neg := ch == '-' && unicode.IsDigit(l.peekChar())
+	if neg {
+		ch = l.nextChar()
+	}
 	if unicode.IsDigit(ch) {
 		val := string(ch)
+		if neg {
+			val = "-" + val
+		}
 		for unicode.IsDigit(l.peekChar()) {
 			val += string(l.nextChar())
 		}
@@ -142,7 +151,7 @@ func (l *Lexer) NextToken() Token {
 		}
 		return Token{Type: TokenInt, Value: val, Line: startLine, Column: startCol}
 	}
-	if unicode.IsLetter(ch) || ch == '_' || ch == '/' || ch == '-' || ch == '=' || ch == '.' || ch == '+' || ch == '*' || ch == '<' || ch == '>' || ch == '!' {
+	if unicode.IsLetter(ch) || ch == '_' || ch == '%' || ch == '/' || ch == '-' || ch == '=' || ch == '.' || ch == '+' || ch == '*' || ch == '<' || ch == '>' || ch == '!' {
 		val := string(ch)
 		for unicode.IsLetter(l.peekChar()) || unicode.IsDigit(l.peekChar()) || l.peekChar() == '_' || l.peekChar() == '/' || l.peekChar() == '-' || l.peekChar() == '=' || l.peekChar() == '.' || l.peekChar() == '+' || l.peekChar() == '*' || l.peekChar() == '<' || l.peekChar() == '>' || l.peekChar() == '!' {
 			val += string(l.nextChar())
diff --git a/internal/lexer/negative_literal_test.go b/internal/lexer/negative_literal_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ffdf673e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/lexer/negative_literal_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package lexer
+
+import "testing"
+
+// A '-' directly followed by a digit is a negative number literal; "-" alone,
+// "-x" and symbols containing '-' are unchanged, and '%' lexes as a symbol.
+func TestNegativeLiteralsAndPercent(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		src  string
+		want []Token
+	}{
+		{"-1", []Token{{Type: TokenInt, Value: "-1"}}},
+		{"-2.5", []Token{{Type: TokenFloat, Value: "-2.5"}}},
+		{"- 1", []Token{{Type: TokenSymbol, Value: "-"}, {Type: TokenInt, Value: "1"}}},
+		{"-x", []Token{{Type: TokenSymbol, Value: "-x"}}},
+		{"a-1", []Token{{Type: TokenSymbol, Value: "a-1"}}},
+		{"%", []Token{{Type: TokenSymbol, Value: "%"}}},
+		{"//", []Token{{Type: TokenSymbol, Value: "//"}}},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		l := NewLexer(c.src)
+		for i, w := range c.want {
+			got := l.NextToken()
+			if got.Type != w.Type || got.Value != w.Value {
+				t.Errorf("%q token %d: got %s %q want %s %q", c.src, i, got.Type, got.Value, w.Type, w.Value)
+			}
+		}
+		if got := l.NextToken(); got.Type != TokenEOF {
+			t.Errorf("%q: trailing token %s %q", c.src, got.Type, got.Value)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/vm/vm.go b/internal/vm/vm.go
index 5ebc1855..97c6b66e 100644
--- a/internal/vm/vm.go
+++ b/internal/vm/vm.go
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/howlcipher/howlframe/internal/parser"
 	"io"
 	"math"
-	"math/bits"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -1281,13 +1280,24 @@ func checkedSubInt64(a, b int64, node *ast.Node) int64 {
 }
 
 func checkedMulInt64(a, b int64, node *ast.Node) int64 {
-	hi, lo := bits.Mul64(uint64(a), uint64(b))
-	// sign-extend the low 63 bits; the high word must equal either all 0s or all 1s of that extension
-	expectedHi := uint64(lo>>63) * ^uint64(0)
-	if hi != expectedHi {
+	if mulOverflowsInt64(a, b) {
 		InterpErr("integer overflow", node)
 	}
-	return int64(lo)
+	return a * b
+}
+
+// mulOverflowsInt64 reports whether a*b overflows int64. The previous check
+// multiplied the operands as uint64, which flagged every product with exactly
+// one negative operand ((* 3 -2)) as an overflow.
+func mulOverflowsInt64(a, b int64) bool {
+	if a == 0 || b == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if (a == -1 && b == math.MinInt64) || (b == -1 && a == math.MinInt64) {
+		return true
+	}
+	c := a * b
+	return c/b != a
 }
 
 // compareNumeric compares two numeric values. It returns the signed comparison
@@ -3477,12 +3487,10 @@ func bcCheckedSubInt64(a, b int64) int64 {
 }
 
 func bcCheckedMulInt64(a, b int64) int64 {
-	hi, lo := bits.Mul64(uint64(a), uint64(b))
-	expectedHi := uint64(lo>>63) * ^uint64(0)
-	if hi != expectedHi {
+	if mulOverflowsInt64(a, b) {
 		panic(NewRuntimeError("RUNTIME_ERROR", "main", 0, 0, "integer overflow"))
 	}
-	return int64(lo)
+	return a * b
 }
 
 func ToBCFloat(v any) float64 {