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Rust web - 非著名Java程序员
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<h1>Rust web 开发-8.docker</h1>
<div class="a-content">
<div class="a-content-text">
<div class="mweb_toc"><ul>
<li><a href="#%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80dockerfile">基础 Dockerfile</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#docker-build">docker build</a></li>
<li><a href="#docker-run">docker run</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6">修改配置文件</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E5%8A%A0%E5%BF%ABdocker-build%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6">加快 docker build 速度</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%93">小结</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>本篇介绍一下 Rust 项目如何打包成 docker 镜像。</p>
<h2><a id="%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80dockerfile" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>基础 Dockerfile</h2>
<p>在项目的根目录创建 Dockerfile</p>
<pre class="line-numbers"><code class="language-dockerfile"># 使用官方 Rust 镜像作为基础镜像
FROM rust:1.71.0 as builder
# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app
# 复制整个项目到容器中
COPY . .
RUN rm Cargo.lock
# 构建应用程序
RUN cargo build --release
# 使用另一个基础镜像作为最终镜像
FROM debian:bullseye-slim
# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app
# 复制构建好的可执行文件到最终镜像中
COPY --from=builder /app/target/release/rust-web .
COPY configs /app/configs
EXPOSE 8099
# 设置容器启动命令
CMD ["./rust-web"]
</code></pre>
<h3><a id="docker-build" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>docker build</h3>
<pre class="line-numbers"><code class="language-plain_text">docker build -t rust-web .
</code></pre>
<h3><a id="docker-run" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>docker run</h3>
<pre class="line-numbers"><code class="language-plain_text">docker run -d -p 8099:8099 -v path_to_configs/:/app/configs/ --name rust-web rust-web
</code></pre>
<p>注意启动时指定配置文件路径。</p>
<h2><a id="%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>修改配置文件</h2>
<p>config.toml 中修改各个中间件的地址信息，不再是 localhost。<br />
需要注意一点，app 的 host 指定为 0.0.0.0，接收外部所有 ip 的访问请求。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers"><code class="language-plain_text">[app]
host="0.0.0.0"
port=8099
[database]
host="192.168.0.116"
port=3306
user = "root"
password = "12345678"
name = "rust_web"
[log]
level = "info"
path = "app.log"
[kafka_config]
brokers = "192.168.0.116:9092"
group_id = "test_group"
[redis_config]
cluster = "redis://192.168.0.116:6379/"
</code></pre>
<h2><a id="%E5%8A%A0%E5%BF%ABdocker-build%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>加快 docker build 速度</h2>
<p>使用 <code>cargo-chef</code> 加速 build。<br />
<code>cargo-chef</code> 是一个 Rust 工具，用于加速构建过程。它可以预先计算构建过程中的依赖项，以减少重复工作。通过生成一个描述项目依赖项的 <code>recipe.json</code> 文件，<code>cargo-chef</code> 可以在后续的构建中利用这个文件来加速构建过程。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers"><code class="language-plain_text"># 使用官方 Rust 镜像作为基础镜像，并添加 cargo-chef
FROM rust:1.71.0 as chef
ADD .cargo $CARGO_HOME/
RUN cargo install cargo-chef
FROM chef as planner
WORKDIR /app
# 复制整个项目到容器中
COPY . .
RUN rm Cargo.lock
# 生成 recipe.json
RUN cargo chef prepare --recipe-path recipe.json
# 构建阶段
FROM chef as builder
WORKDIR /app
# 复制项目和 recipe.json
COPY --from=planner /app/recipe.json recipe.json
COPY . .
RUN rm Cargo.lock
# 使用 cargo-chef 加速构建过程
RUN cargo chef cook --release --recipe-path recipe.json
# 构建应用程序
RUN cargo build --release
# 使用另一个基础镜像作为最终镜像
FROM debian:bullseye-slim
# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app
# 复制构建好的可执行文件到最终镜像中
COPY --from=builder /app/target/release/rust-web .
COPY configs /app/configs
EXPOSE 8099
# 设置容器启动命令
CMD ["./rust-web"]
</code></pre>
<p>相比上一个版本，这个 Dockerfile 做了以下修改：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>添加了一个中间镜像 <code>chef</code>：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用官方 Rust 镜像作为基础镜像，并将其命名为 <code>chef</code>。</li>
<li>将 <code>.cargo</code> 目录添加到 <code>$CARGO_HOME</code>（通常为 <code>/usr/local/cargo</code>）中，以便在后续的构建阶段中使用。</li>
<li>安装了 <code>cargo-chef</code> 工具。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>planner</code> 阶段：</p>
<ul>
<li>将 <code>chef</code> 阶段作为基础镜像，并将其命名为 <code>planner</code>。</li>
<li>在工作目录 <code>/app</code> 下复制整个项目。</li>
<li>运行 <code>cargo chef prepare</code> 命令生成一个 <code>recipe.json</code> 文件。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>builder</code> 阶段：</p>
<ul>
<li>将 <code>chef</code> 阶段作为基础镜像，并将其命名为 <code>builder</code>。</li>
<li>在工作目录 <code>/app</code> 下复制整个项目和 <code>recipe.json</code> 文件。</li>
<li>运行 <code>cargo chef cook</code> 命令根据 <code>recipe.json</code> 文件来加速构建过程。</li>
<li>运行 <code>cargo build --release</code> 命令构建应用程序。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p>这些修改的好处是：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>引入了中间镜像 <code>chef</code>，将 <code>cargo-chef</code> 安装过程提前到构建过程的早期阶段。这样可以避免在每次构建时都重新安装 <code>cargo-chef</code>，从而提高构建效率。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>将 <code>cargo-chef</code> 的安装和配置步骤从 <code>planner</code> 和 <code>builder</code> 阶段中移除，使得这两个阶段更加简洁和清晰。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在 <code>planner</code> 阶段中，将 <code>.cargo</code> 目录添加到 <code>$CARGO_HOME</code> 中，以便在后续的构建阶段中使用。这样可以确保在 <code>builder</code> 阶段中可以访问到预先安装的 <code>cargo-chef</code> 工具，而无需重新安装。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>总体而言，这些修改使得构建过程更加高效和简洁。通过引入中间镜像和提前安装 <code>cargo-chef</code>，可以减少重复工作并加快构建速度。同时，将 <code>cargo-chef</code> 的安装和配置步骤从每个阶段中移除，使得 Dockerfile 更加易读和易于维护。</p>
<p>本文代码在 <a href="https://github.com/hitolz/rust-web/tree/docker">github</a>。</p>
<h2><a id="%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%93" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>小结</h2>
<p>以上就是将 Rust web 项目打包为 docker 镜像的过程，通过 <code>cargo-chef</code>可以加速 docker build 过程。<br />
打包成 docker 镜像以后，部署到各种云平台都会方便很多。</p>
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<span class="date">2023/12/02 10:30 上午</span>
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