Enable Associating Embodied Emissions of commodities from RoUS at the border

[WesIngwersen]

Currently the embodied emissions for RoUS commodities consumed by SoI are associated either with:

1. Commodity finally consumed by SoI, which could be that RoUS commodity directly or it could be an SoI commodity if the RoUS commodity is consumed by industry to make the SoI commodity. Say SoI gets furniture from RoUS but uses it as an input to Housing. You will see the emissions from the furniture associated with the SoI Housing commodity. This is what you get with perspective=FINAL in calculateStateCBE.
2. The commodity where emissions originally occurred. So if it was an RoUS commodity it will be the activities (also represented by commodities) in the supply chain where the emissions occured. Say SoI gets furniture from RoUS but and some emissions occur in wood products production in RoUS, those emissions are associated with wood products, RoUS. This is what you get with perspective=DIRECT in calculateStateCBE.

USEEIO-State/R/StateEEIOCalculations.R

Lines 8 to 10 in 6a6a8c5

	calculateStateCBE <- function(model, CO2e=TRUE, perspective="FINAL",
	demand="Consumption",domestic=FALSE, RoUS=FALSE,
	household_emissions=TRUE, show_RoW=TRUE) {

The point here is to find a 3rd option that is in between but is more intuitive. In this example, associating those emissions with furniture, RoUS.

[WesIngwersen]

Paper that could have relevant calculation details

Tracking urban carbon footprints from production and consumption perspectives
http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054001

[WesIngwersen]

I believe that we will need to break this out in the calculation like we do for RoW in the coupled models.

For the calculation using the final perspective...
We will have to subset the L matrix to get off-diagonal requirements to get the impact of intermediate consumption in the production of SoI (s) finally consumed goods that are made with rest of US (r) commodities.

$$ g_{ri} = B L_{rs} \hat{y_{ss}} $$

$L_{rs}$ here is section of L matrix where rest of US inputs are used to make SoI commodities.

For the RoUS (r) commodities that are cosumed directly by SoI consumers, its can use the full L.

$$ g_{rf} = B L \hat{y_{rs}} $$

Then the SoI impact of SoI production is remaining as 1 calculation

$$ g_{s} = B L_{ss} \hat{y_{ss}} + h_h $$