diff --git a/packages/libro-code-cell/src/code-cell-view.tsx b/packages/libro-code-cell/src/code-cell-view.tsx
index fa377a38..50850984 100644
--- a/packages/libro-code-cell/src/code-cell-view.tsx
+++ b/packages/libro-code-cell/src/code-cell-view.tsx
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ export class LibroCodeCellView extends LibroEditableExecutableCellView {
         cell: this,
         toJSON: () => ({ cellId: this.id }),
       })
-      .then(async (outputArea) => {
+      .then(async (outputArea: LibroOutputArea) => {
         this.outputArea = outputArea;
         const output = this.outputs;
         if (isOutput(output)) {
diff --git a/packages/libro-core/src/cell/libro-cell-view.tsx b/packages/libro-core/src/cell/libro-cell-view.tsx
index c08b30e7..e105497a 100644
--- a/packages/libro-core/src/cell/libro-cell-view.tsx
+++ b/packages/libro-core/src/cell/libro-cell-view.tsx
@@ -168,10 +168,12 @@ export class LibroCellView extends BaseView implements CellView {
   }
 
   disposed = false;
+
   override dispose() {
     this.toDispose.dispose();
     super.dispose();
   }
+
   toJSON(): LibroCell {
     const meta = { ...(this.model.toJSON() as LibroCell) };
     const modelContribution = this.cellService.findModelProvider(this.model.options);
diff --git a/packages/libro-core/src/libro-view.tsx b/packages/libro-core/src/libro-view.tsx
index 42535b3e..16512428 100644
--- a/packages/libro-core/src/libro-view.tsx
+++ b/packages/libro-core/src/libro-view.tsx
@@ -666,6 +666,9 @@ export class LibroView extends BaseView implements NotebookView {
   };
 
   deleteCell = (cell: CellView) => {
+    if (this.disposed) {
+      return;
+    }
     if (this.libroViewTracker.isEnabledSpmReporter && cell.model.id) {
       const id = cell.model.id + this.id;
       const libroTracker = this.libroViewTracker.getOrCreateTrackers({
@@ -1375,10 +1378,15 @@ export class LibroView extends BaseView implements NotebookView {
 
   override dispose() {
     if (!this.disposed) {
+      this.disposed = true;
       this.libroService.deleteLibroViewFromCache(this);
       this.toDispose.dispose();
+      this.model.cells.forEach((cell) => {
+        if (!cell.disposed) {
+          cell.dispose();
+        }
+      });
     }
-    this.disposed = true;
     super.dispose();
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/libro-core/src/output/output-model.tsx b/packages/libro-core/src/output/output-model.tsx
index ee74fcc6..780f6f20 100644
--- a/packages/libro-core/src/output/output-model.tsx
+++ b/packages/libro-core/src/output/output-model.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 import type { IOutput, JSONObject, PartialJSONObject } from '@difizen/libro-common';
-import { BaseView, Emitter, prop, view, ViewOption } from '@difizen/libro-common/app';
-import { inject, transient } from '@difizen/libro-common/app';
+import {
+  BaseView,
+  Emitter,
+  prop,
+  view,
+  ViewOption,
+  DisposableCollection,
+  inject,
+  transient,
+} from '@difizen/libro-common/app';
 import type { FC } from 'react';
 import { v4 } from 'uuid';
 
@@ -33,6 +41,8 @@ export class LibroOutputView extends BaseView implements BaseOutputView {
   @prop()
   data: JSONObject;
 
+  protected override toDispose = new DisposableCollection();
+
   onUpdateEmitter = new Emitter<void>();
 
   get onUpdate() {
@@ -51,14 +61,18 @@ export class LibroOutputView extends BaseView implements BaseOutputView {
     this.type = 'libro-default-output';
     this.data = {};
     this.metadata = {};
-    this.onUpdate(() => {
-      this.cell.parent.model.onChange?.();
-    });
+    this.toDispose.push(this.onUpdateEmitter);
+    this.toDispose.push(
+      this.onUpdate(() => {
+        this.cell.parent.model.onChange?.();
+      }),
+    );
   }
 
   render: FC<{ output: BaseOutputView }> = LibroOutputModelRender;
 
   override dispose() {
+    this.toDispose.dispose();
     super.dispose();
   }
   toJSON() {
diff --git a/packages/libro-jupyter/src/output/libro-jupyter-outputarea.tsx b/packages/libro-jupyter/src/output/libro-jupyter-outputarea.tsx
index ea536963..6522605a 100644
--- a/packages/libro-jupyter/src/output/libro-jupyter-outputarea.tsx
+++ b/packages/libro-jupyter/src/output/libro-jupyter-outputarea.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
 import type * as nbformat from '@difizen/libro-common';
+import {
+  inject,
+  transient,
+  view,
+  ViewOption,
+  DisposableCollection,
+} from '@difizen/libro-common/app';
 import type {
   LibroEditableExecutableCellView,
   ExecutableCellModel,
@@ -15,13 +22,13 @@ import {
   isStreamMsg,
   isUpdateDisplayDataMsg,
 } from '@difizen/libro-kernel';
-import { inject, transient, view, ViewOption } from '@difizen/libro-common/app';
 
 @transient()
 @view('libro-output-area')
 export class LibroJupyterOutputArea extends LibroOutputArea {
   declare cell: LibroEditableExecutableCellView;
   protected displayIdMap = new Map<string, number[]>();
+  protected override toDispose = new DisposableCollection();
 
   constructor(@inject(ViewOption) option: IOutputAreaOption) {
     super(option);
@@ -30,69 +37,72 @@ export class LibroJupyterOutputArea extends LibroOutputArea {
 
   handleMsg() {
     const cellModel = this.cell.model as ExecutableCellModel;
-    cellModel.msgChangeEmitter.event((msg) => {
-      const transientMsg = (msg.content.transient || {}) as nbformat.JSONObject;
-      const displayId = transientMsg['display_id'] as string;
-      if (isExecuteInputMsg(msg)) {
-        cellModel.executeCount = msg.content.execution_count;
-      }
-      if (
-        isDisplayDataMsg(msg) ||
-        isStreamMsg(msg) ||
-        isErrorMsg(msg) ||
-        isExecuteResultMsg(msg)
-      ) {
-        const output: nbformat.IOutput = {
-          ...msg.content,
-          output_type: msg.header.msg_type,
-        };
-        this.add(output);
-      }
-      if (isUpdateDisplayDataMsg(msg)) {
-        const output = { ...msg.content, output_type: 'display_data' };
-        const targets = this.displayIdMap.get(displayId);
-        if (targets) {
-          for (const index of targets) {
-            this.set(index, output);
-          }
+    this.toDispose.push(
+      cellModel.msgChangeEmitter.event((msg: any) => {
+        const transientMsg = (msg.content.transient || {}) as nbformat.JSONObject;
+        const displayId = transientMsg['display_id'] as string;
+        if (isExecuteInputMsg(msg)) {
+          cellModel.executeCount = msg.content.execution_count;
         }
-      }
-      if (displayId && isDisplayDataMsg(msg)) {
-        const targets = this.displayIdMap.get(displayId) || [];
-        targets.push(this.outputs.length);
-        this.displayIdMap.set(displayId, targets);
-      }
-      //Handle an execute reply message.
-      if (isExecuteReplyMsg(msg)) {
-        const content = msg.content;
-        if (content.status !== 'ok') {
-          return;
+        if (
+          isDisplayDataMsg(msg) ||
+          isStreamMsg(msg) ||
+          isErrorMsg(msg) ||
+          isExecuteResultMsg(msg)
+        ) {
+          const output: nbformat.IOutput = {
+            ...msg.content,
+            output_type: msg.header.msg_type,
+          };
+          this.add(output);
+        }
+        if (isUpdateDisplayDataMsg(msg)) {
+          const output = { ...msg.content, output_type: 'display_data' };
+          const targets = this.displayIdMap.get(displayId);
+          if (targets) {
+            for (const index of targets) {
+              this.set(index, output);
+            }
+          }
         }
-        const payload = content && content.payload;
-        if (!payload || !payload.length) {
-          return;
+        if (displayId && isDisplayDataMsg(msg)) {
+          const targets = this.displayIdMap.get(displayId) || [];
+          targets.push(this.outputs.length);
+          this.displayIdMap.set(displayId, targets);
         }
-        const pages = payload.filter((i: any) => i.source === 'page');
-        if (!pages.length) {
-          return;
+        //Handle an execute reply message.
+        if (isExecuteReplyMsg(msg)) {
+          const content = msg.content;
+          if (content.status !== 'ok') {
+            return;
+          }
+          const payload = content && content.payload;
+          if (!payload || !payload.length) {
+            return;
+          }
+          const pages = payload.filter((i: any) => i.source === 'page');
+          if (!pages.length) {
+            return;
+          }
+          const page = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(pages[0]));
+          const output: nbformat.IOutput = {
+            output_type: 'display_data',
+            data: page.data as nbformat.IMimeBundle,
+            metadata: {},
+          };
+          this.add(output);
         }
-        const page = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(pages[0]));
-        const output: nbformat.IOutput = {
-          output_type: 'display_data',
-          data: page.data as nbformat.IMimeBundle,
-          metadata: {},
-        };
-        this.add(output);
-      }
 
-      if (isClearOutputMsg(msg)) {
-        const wait = msg.content.wait;
-        this.clear(wait);
-      }
-    });
+        if (isClearOutputMsg(msg)) {
+          const wait = msg.content.wait;
+          this.clear(wait);
+        }
+      }),
+    );
   }
 
   override dispose(): void {
+    this.toDispose.dispose();
     this.displayIdMap.clear();
     super.dispose();
   }
diff --git a/packages/libro-prompt-cell/src/prompt-cell-view.tsx b/packages/libro-prompt-cell/src/prompt-cell-view.tsx
index 5e211712..cf648bac 100644
--- a/packages/libro-prompt-cell/src/prompt-cell-view.tsx
+++ b/packages/libro-prompt-cell/src/prompt-cell-view.tsx
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ export class LibroPromptCellView extends LibroEditableExecutableCellView {
         cell: this,
         toJSON: () => ({ cellId: this.id }),
       })
-      .then(async (outputArea) => {
+      .then(async (outputArea: LibroOutputArea) => {
         this.outputArea = outputArea;
         const output = this.outputs;
         if (isOutput(output)) {
diff --git a/packages/libro-sql-cell/src/libro-sql-cell-view.tsx b/packages/libro-sql-cell/src/libro-sql-cell-view.tsx
index 37da1d5c..cd0da965 100644
--- a/packages/libro-sql-cell/src/libro-sql-cell-view.tsx
+++ b/packages/libro-sql-cell/src/libro-sql-cell-view.tsx
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ export class LibroSqlCellView extends LibroEditableExecutableCellView {
         cell: this,
         toJSON: () => ({ cellId: this.id }),
       })
-      .then(async (outputArea) => {
+      .then(async (outputArea: LibroOutputArea) => {
         this.outputArea = outputArea;
         const output = this.outputs;
         if (isOutput(output)) {