diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6b85bff..3c813c9 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ The [currently available algorithms](./subpopbench/learning/algorithms.py) are:
 * Label-Distribution-Aware Margin Loss (**LDAM**, [Cao et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07413))
 * Balanced Softmax (**BSoftmax**, [Ren et al., 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.10740))
 * Classifier Re-Training (**CRT**, [Kang et al., 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09217))
+* Uniform Risk Minimization (**URM**, [Krishnamachari et al., 2024](https://openreview.net/forum?id=PgLbS5yp8n))
 
 Send us a PR to add your algorithm! Our implementations use the hyper-parameter grids [described here](./subpopbench/hparams_registry.py).
 
diff --git a/subpopbench/hparams_registry.py b/subpopbench/hparams_registry.py
index ff925e8..b208c3b 100644
--- a/subpopbench/hparams_registry.py
+++ b/subpopbench/hparams_registry.py
@@ -89,6 +89,23 @@ def _hparam(name, default_val, random_val_fn):
         _hparam('stage1_model', 'model.pkl', lambda r: 'model.pkl')
         _hparam('dfr_reg', .1, lambda r: 10**r.uniform(-2, 0.5))
 
+    elif algorithm == 'URM':
+        _hparam('urm_lambda', 0.1, lambda r: float(r.uniform(0,0.2)))
+        
+        _hparam('urm_discriminator_hidden_layers', 1, lambda r: int(r.choice([1,2,3])))
+        _hparam('urm_generator_output', 'tanh', lambda r: str(r.choice(['tanh', 'relu'])))
+        _hparam('urm_discriminator_update_freq', 1, lambda r: int(r.choice([1])))
+        
+        if dataset in IMAGE_DATASETS + TABULAR_DATASET:
+            _hparam('urm_discriminator_lr', 1e-3, lambda r: 10**r.uniform(-5, -3))
+        else:
+            _hparam('urm_discriminator_lr', 1e-5, lambda r: 10**r.uniform(-6, -5))
+    
+        if dataset in TEXT_DATASETS:
+            _hparam('urm_discriminator_optimizer', 'adamw', lambda r: str(r.choice(['adamw'])))
+        else:
+            _hparam('urm_discriminator_optimizer', 'sgd', lambda r: str(r.choice(['sgd'])))
+
     # Dataset-and-algorithm-specific hparam definitions
     # Each block of code below corresponds to exactly one hparam. Avoid nested conditionals
 
diff --git a/subpopbench/learning/algorithms.py b/subpopbench/learning/algorithms.py
index 24613a1..9eae462 100644
--- a/subpopbench/learning/algorithms.py
+++ b/subpopbench/learning/algorithms.py
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@
     'BSoftmax',
     'CRT',
     'ReWeightCRT',
-    'VanillaCRT'
+    'VanillaCRT',
+    'URM'
 ]
 
 
@@ -174,6 +175,187 @@ def return_feats(self, x):
     def predict(self, x):
         return self.network(x)
 
+class URM(ERM):
+    def __init__(self, data_type, input_shape, num_classes, num_attributes, num_examples, hparams, grp_sizes=None):
+        ERM.__init__(self, data_type, input_shape, num_classes, num_attributes, num_examples, hparams, grp_sizes=grp_sizes)
+
+        self._setup_adversarial_net()
+
+    def _modify_generator_output(self):
+        """
+        Modifies the output activation of the encoder/featurizer
+        """
+        print('--> Modifying encoder output:', self.hparams['urm_generator_output'])
+
+        if self.hparams['urm_generator_output'] == 'tanh':
+            if self.data_type == 'images' and self.hparams['image_arch'] == 'resnet_sup_in1k':
+                self.featurizer.network.layer4[2].relu = nn.Tanh()
+                
+            elif self.data_type == 'text' and self.hparams['text_arch'] == 'bert-base-uncased':
+                # self.featurizer.activation = nn.Tanh()
+                # # it's already Tanh, no change needed
+                assert type(self.featurizer.model.pooler.activation) is torch.nn.modules.activation.Tanh
+            elif self.data_type == 'tabular':
+                self.featurizer.activation = nn.Tanh()
+            else:
+                raise Exception('unimplemented data_type: %s' % self.data_type)
+
+        elif self.hparams['urm_generator_output'] == 'relu':
+            if self.data_type == 'images' and self.hparams['image_arch'] == 'resnet_sup_in1k':
+                pass # unchanged
+            elif self.data_type == 'text' and self.hparams['text_arch'] == 'bert-base-uncased':
+                # self.featurizer.activation = nn.ReLU()
+                self.featurizer.model.pooler.activation = nn.ReLU()
+            elif self.data_type == 'tabular':
+                self.featurizer.activation = nn.ReLU()
+            else:
+                raise Exception('unimplemented data_type: %s' % self.data_type)
+
+        else:
+            raise Exception('unrecognized output activation: %s' % self.hparams['urm_generator_output'])
+
+        # define min and max of output values
+        if self.hparams['urm_generator_output'] == 'tanh':
+            self.a, self.b = -1,1
+        elif self.hparams['urm_generator_output'] == 'identity':
+            self.a, self.b = 0,1
+            # a,b = self.hparams['urm_noise_range'][0], self.hparams['urm_noise_range'][1]
+        elif self.hparams['urm_generator_output'] == 'relu':
+            self.a, self.b = 0,1
+            # self.a,self.b = self.hparams['urm_noise_range'][0], self.hparams['urm_noise_range'][1]
+        elif self.hparams['urm_generator_output'] in ['sigmoid']:
+            self.a, self.b = 0,1
+        elif self.hparams['urm_generator_output'] in ['brelu']:
+            self.a, self.b = 0,3
+        else:
+            raise Exception('unrecognized output activation: %s' % self.hparams['urm_generator_output'])
+
+    def _setup_adversarial_net(self):
+        print('--> Initializing discriminator <--')
+        self.discriminator = self._init_discriminator()
+
+        self.discriminator_loss = torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(reduction="mean") # apply on logit
+
+        # featurizer optimized by self.optimizer only
+        if self.hparams["urm_discriminator_optimizer"] == 'sgd':
+            self.discriminator_optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(self.discriminator.parameters(), lr=self.hparams['urm_discriminator_lr'], \
+                weight_decay=self.hparams['weight_decay'], momentum=0.9)
+        elif self.hparams["urm_discriminator_optimizer"] == 'adam':
+            self.discriminator_optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(self.discriminator.parameters(), lr=self.hparams['urm_discriminator_lr'])
+        elif self.hparams["urm_discriminator_optimizer"] == 'adamw':
+            self.discriminator_optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(self.discriminator.parameters(), lr=self.hparams['urm_discriminator_lr'], weight_decay=self.hparams['weight_decay'])
+        else:
+            raise Exception('%s unimplemented' % self.hparams["urm_discriminator_optimizer"])
+
+        self._modify_generator_output()
+        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid() # to compute discriminator acc.
+            
+    def _init_discriminator(self):
+        """
+        3 hidden layer MLP
+        """
+        model = nn.Sequential()
+
+        model.add_module("dense1", nn.Linear(self.featurizer.n_outputs, 100))
+        model.add_module("act1", nn.LeakyReLU())
+
+        for _ in range(self.hparams['urm_discriminator_hidden_layers']):            
+            model.add_module("dense%d" % (2+_), nn.Linear(100, 100))
+            model.add_module("act2%d" % (2+_), nn.LeakyReLU())
+
+        model.add_module("output", nn.Linear(100, 1)) # model outputs logit, used with BCEWithLogitsLoss (numerically more stable)
+        
+        return model
+
+    def _generate_noise(self, feats):
+        """
+        If U is a random variable uniformly distributed on [0, 1), then (b-a)*U + a is uniformly distributed on [a, b).
+        """     
+        uniform_noise = torch.rand(feats.size(), dtype=feats.dtype, layout=feats.layout, device=feats.device) # U~[0,1]
+        n = ((self.b-self.a) * uniform_noise) + self.a # n ~ [a,b)
+        
+        return n
+
+    def _generate_soft_labels(self, size, device, a ,b):
+        # returns size random numbers in [a,b]
+         uniform_noise = torch.rand(size, device=device) # U~[0,1]
+         return ((b-a) * uniform_noise) + a
+
+    def get_accuracy(self, y_true, y_prob):
+        # y_prob is binary probability
+        assert y_true.ndim == 1 and y_true.size() == y_prob.size()
+        y_prob = y_prob > 0.5
+        return (y_true == y_prob).sum().item() / y_true.size(0)
+
+    def _update_discriminator(self, i, x, y, a, step, feats):
+        feats = feats.detach() # don't backbrop through encoder in this step
+        noise = self._generate_noise(feats)
+        
+        noise_logits = self.discriminator(noise) # (N,1)
+        feats_logits = self.discriminator(feats) # (N,1)
+
+        # hard targets
+        hard_true_y = torch.tensor([1] * noise.shape[0], device=noise.device, dtype=noise.dtype) # [1,1...1] noise is true
+        hard_fake_y = torch.tensor([0] * feats.shape[0], device=feats.device, dtype=feats.dtype) # [0,0...0] feats are fake (generated)
+
+        true_y = hard_true_y
+        fake_y = hard_fake_y
+
+        noise_loss = self.discriminator_loss(noise_logits.squeeze(1), true_y) # pass logits to BCEWithLogitsLoss
+        feats_loss = self.discriminator_loss(feats_logits.squeeze(1), fake_y) # pass logits to BCEWithLogitsLoss
+
+        d_loss = 1*noise_loss + self.hparams['urm_lambda']*feats_loss
+
+        # update discriminator
+        self.discriminator_optimizer.zero_grad()
+        d_loss.backward()
+        self.discriminator_optimizer.step()
+
+    def _compute_loss(self, i, x, y, a, step):
+        self.activations = {} # reset activations
+
+        feats = self.return_feats(x)
+        
+        classifier_output = self.classifier(feats)
+
+        # train generator/encoder to make discriminator classify feats as noise (label 1)
+        true_y = torch.tensor(feats.shape[0]*[1], device=feats.device, dtype=feats.dtype)
+        
+        g_logits = self.discriminator(feats)
+        g_loss = self.discriminator_loss(g_logits.squeeze(1), true_y) # apply BCEWithLogitsLoss to discriminator's logit output
+
+        loss = ce_loss + self.hparams['urm_lambda']*g_loss
+            
+        return loss, feats
+
+    def predict(self, x):
+        # for inference, used in eval_helper.py
+        return self.network(x)
+
+    def update(self, minibatch, step):
+        all_i, all_x, all_y, all_a = minibatch
+            
+        loss, feats = self._compute_loss(all_i, all_x, all_y, all_a, step)
+        
+        self.optimizer.zero_grad()
+
+        loss.backward()
+        if self.clip_grad:
+            torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(self.network.parameters(), 1.0)
+        self.optimizer.step()
+
+        if self.lr_scheduler is not None:
+            self.lr_scheduler.step()
+
+        if self.data_type == "text":
+            self.network.zero_grad()
+
+        # update discriminator after updating encoder-classifier (alternating updates)
+        if (step % self.hparams['urm_discriminator_update_freq'] == 0):
+            self._update_discriminator(all_i, all_x, all_y, all_a, step, feats)
+
+        return {'loss': loss.item()}
+
 
 class GroupDRO(ERM):
     """
diff --git a/subpopbench/models/networks.py b/subpopbench/models/networks.py
index 4928271..88ae575 100644
--- a/subpopbench/models/networks.py
+++ b/subpopbench/models/networks.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ def __init__(self, n_inputs, n_outputs, hparams):
         self.output = nn.Linear(hparams['mlp_width'], n_outputs)
         self.n_outputs = n_outputs
 
+        self.activation = nn.Identity() # added for URM, does not affect other algorithms
+
     def forward(self, x):
         x = self.input(x)
         x = self.dropout(x)
@@ -37,6 +39,9 @@ def forward(self, x):
             x = self.dropout(x)
             x = F.relu(x)
         x = self.output(x)
+
+        x = self.activation(x) # added for URM, does not affect other algorithms
+
         return x
 
 
@@ -191,6 +196,8 @@ def __init__(self, model, hparams):
         )
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(classifier_dropout)
 
+        self.activation = nn.Identity() # added for URM, does not affect other algorithms
+
     def forward(self, x):
         kwargs = {
             'input_ids': x[:, :, 0],
@@ -199,11 +206,15 @@ def forward(self, x):
         if x.shape[-1] == 3:
             kwargs['token_type_ids'] = x[:, :, 2]
         output = self.model(**kwargs)
+
         if hasattr(output, 'pooler_output'):
-            return self.dropout(output.pooler_output)
+            output = self.dropout(output.pooler_output)
         else:
-            return self.dropout(output.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :])
+            output = self.dropout(output.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :])
+
+        output = self.activation(output) # added for URM, does not affect other algorithms
 
+        return output
 
 def replace_module_prefix(state_dict, prefix, replace_with=""):
     state_dict = {