diff --git a/crates/tw-gateway/src/failure.rs b/crates/tw-gateway/src/failure.rs
index 6d33d0d1..fbeb2fca 100644
--- a/crates/tw-gateway/src/failure.rs
+++ b/crates/tw-gateway/src/failure.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub const BODY_PEEK: usize = 64 * 1024;
 
 /// 看一个非 2xx 的回答。`body` 是正文的开头（最多 [`BODY_PEEK`]）。
 pub fn classify(status: u16, headers: &HeaderMap, body: &[u8], now_ms: u64) -> Verdict {
-    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(body).to_lowercase();
+    let text = error_text(body);
     // **正文说的原因优先于状态码**：没钱了有人回 402，有人回 429、400、403，
     // 甚至 500；额度用完有人回 429，有人回 403
     if says(&text, NO_BALANCE) {
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ const NO_BALANCE: &[&str] = &[
     "insufficient account balance",
     "credit balance is too low",
     "balance is too low",
+    "insufficient credit",
+    "not enough credit",
+    "don't have enough credit",
+    "do not have enough credit",
     "payment required",
     "billing_hard_limit",
     "arrearage",
@@ -124,6 +128,42 @@ fn says(text: &str, words: &[&str]) -> bool {
     words.iter().any(|w| text.contains(w))
 }
 
+/// 只看错误字段，不把响应里回显的请求、元数据当成失败原因。先解码 JSON，
+/// `don\u0027t` 和中文的 Unicode 转义才和原文同义。扁平的中转错误、嵌套的
+/// API 错误、Responses 的失败事件都看；纯文本、截断的 JSON 或没有这些字段的
+/// 格式保留原来的全文回退。
+fn error_text(body: &[u8]) -> String {
+    let raw = || String::from_utf8_lossy(body).to_lowercase();
+    let Ok(value) = serde_json::from_slice::<serde_json::Value>(body) else {
+        return raw();
+    };
+    let mut texts = Vec::new();
+    for scope in [
+        value.pointer("/response/error"),
+        value.get("error"),
+        Some(&value),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .flatten()
+    {
+        if let Some(s) = scope.as_str() {
+            texts.push(s);
+        } else {
+            texts.extend(
+                ["code", "type", "status", "message", "detail"]
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .filter_map(|k| scope.get(k).and_then(|v| v.as_str())),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    if texts.is_empty() {
+        raw()
+    } else {
+        // 不同字段的尾和头不能拼成一条短语。
+        texts.join("\0").to_lowercase()
+    }
+}
+
 /// 额度头说用完了没有：`None` 是没说用完，`Some(None)` 是说用完了、没说什么时候
 /// 重置，`Some(Some(t))` 是在 `t` 重置。
 ///
@@ -236,6 +276,14 @@ mod tests {
                 r#"{"error":{"code":"insufficient_quota","message":"You exceeded your current quota"}}"#,
             ),
             (402, r#"{"error":{"message":"Insufficient Balance"}}"#),
+            (
+                400,
+                r#"{"message":"You have insufficient credits to make this request. Please purchase more credits to continue using the service.","type":"invalid_request_error","code":"BAD_REQUEST"}"#,
+            ),
+            (
+                400,
+                r#"{"error":{"message":"You don't have enough credits for this model."}}"#,
+            ),
             (403, r#"{"error":{"code":"Arrearage"}}"#),
             (
                 429,
@@ -250,6 +298,84 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn sufficient_credit_is_not_a_missing_balance() {
+        let body = r#"{"error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"You have enough credits, but max_tokens must be positive."}}"#;
+        assert_eq!(verdict(400, body), Verdict::ClientError);
+        assert_eq!(
+            verdict(429, body),
+            Verdict::Failed(Cause::RateLimited { retry_after: None })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn request_echoes_do_not_override_the_error_reason() {
+        for (status, message, expected) in [
+            (400, "max_tokens must be positive", Verdict::ClientError),
+            (
+                429,
+                "too many requests",
+                Verdict::Failed(Cause::RateLimited { retry_after: None }),
+            ),
+            (
+                400,
+                "unknown model: foo",
+                Verdict::Failed(Cause::ModelUnavailable),
+            ),
+        ] {
+            let body = serde_json::json!({
+                "error": {"message": message},
+                "request": {"messages": [{"content": "I don't have enough credits"}]},
+                "metadata": {"note": "insufficient balance"}
+            })
+            .to_string();
+            assert_eq!(verdict(status, &body), expected, "{body}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn json_error_fields_are_decoded_across_upstream_envelopes() {
+        for body in [
+            r#"{"message":"You have insufficient credit","code":"BAD_REQUEST"}"#,
+            r#"{"error":{"message":"You do not have enough credits"}}"#,
+            r#"{"error":{"message":"Not enough credit"}}"#,
+            r#"{"error":{"message":"You don\u0027t have enough credits"}}"#,
+            r#"{"error":{"message":"\u4f59\u989d\u4e0d\u8db3"}}"#,
+            r#"{"error":"You don\u0027t have enough credits"}"#,
+            r#"{"type":"response.failed","response":{"error":{"code":"BAD_REQUEST","message":"You don\u0027t have enough credits"}}}"#,
+            r#"{"error":"BAD_REQUEST","message":"You have insufficient credits"}"#,
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                verdict(400, body),
+                Verdict::Failed(Cause::NoBalance),
+                "{body}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unfamiliar_or_incomplete_errors_keep_the_text_fallback() {
+        for body in [
+            "You don't have enough credits",
+            r#"{"errors":[{"reason":"insufficient credits"}]}"#,
+            r#"{"error":{"message":"insufficient credits""#,
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                verdict(400, body),
+                Verdict::Failed(Cause::NoBalance),
+                "{body}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn separate_error_fields_cannot_form_a_balance_signal() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            verdict(400, r#"{"code":"insufficient","message":"credit"}"#),
+            Verdict::ClientError
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn a_used_up_quota_waits_for_the_reset_the_upstream_names() {
         let body = format!(
diff --git a/crates/tw-gateway/tests/passthrough.rs b/crates/tw-gateway/tests/passthrough.rs
index 44d2c114..0998401b 100644
--- a/crates/tw-gateway/tests/passthrough.rs
+++ b/crates/tw-gateway/tests/passthrough.rs
@@ -837,6 +837,120 @@ async fn a_missing_balance_moves_on_and_sets_the_upstream_aside() {
     assert_eq!(broke_hits.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1, "停用着的不再去试");
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn an_ordered_chat_route_moves_on_from_insufficient_credits_and_skips_it_next_time() {
+    for streaming in [false, true] {
+        let (broke, broke_hits) = start_answering_upstream(
+            400,
+            "application/json",
+            r#"{"message":"You have insufficient credits to make this request. Please purchase more credits to continue using the service.","type":"invalid_request_error","code":"BAD_REQUEST"}"#,
+        )
+        .await;
+        let (content_type, body) = if streaming {
+            (
+                "text/event-stream",
+                "data: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-test\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"answer\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\n\
+                 data: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-test\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{},\"finish_reason\":\"stop\"}]}\n\n\
+                 data: [DONE]\n\n",
+            )
+        } else {
+            (
+                "application/json",
+                r#"{"id":"chatcmpl-test","object":"chat.completion","choices":[{"index":0,"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"answer"},"finish_reason":"stop"}]}"#,
+            )
+        };
+        let (good, good_hits) = start_answering_upstream(200, content_type, body).await;
+        let mut cfg = two(broke, good);
+        for provider in &mut cfg.providers {
+            provider.protocol = Some(tw_config::Protocol::OpenaiChat);
+        }
+        cfg.groups = vec![
+            serde_yaml_ng::from_str("name: ordered\ntype: fallback\nproviders: [first, second]\n")
+                .unwrap(),
+        ];
+        cfg.routes = vec![tw_engine::RouteSet::default_with(vec![
+            serde_yaml_ng::from_str("name: catch-all\nto: ordered\n").unwrap(),
+        ])];
+        let state = tw_gateway::AppState::new(cfg).unwrap();
+        let health = state.health.clone();
+        let gw = tw_gateway::serve(state, ([127, 0, 0, 1], 0).into())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        for _ in 0..2 {
+            let response = reqwest::Client::new()
+                .post(format!("http://{gw}/v1/chat/completions"))
+                .bearer_auth("tw-k")
+                .json(&serde_json::json!({
+                    "model": "deepseek-v4.1-flash",
+                    "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "hello"}],
+                    "stream": streaming
+                }))
+                .send()
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(response.status(), 200);
+            let text = response.text().await.unwrap();
+            assert!(text.contains("answer"), "{text}");
+        }
+        assert!(!health.is_available("first"));
+        assert_eq!(broke_hits.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
+        assert_eq!(good_hits.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 2);
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn other_credit_mentions_do_not_pause_or_fail_over_a_client_error() {
+    for body in [
+        r#"{"error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"You have enough credits, but max_tokens must be positive."}}"#,
+        r#"{"error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"max_tokens must be positive"},"request":{"messages":[{"content":"I don't have enough credits"}]}}"#,
+    ] {
+        let (first, _) = start_answering_upstream(400, "application/json", body).await;
+        let (second, second_hits) = start_answering_upstream(200, "application/json", "{}").await;
+        let state = tw_gateway::AppState::new(two(first, second)).unwrap();
+        let health = state.health.clone();
+        let gw = tw_gateway::serve(state, ([127, 0, 0, 1], 0).into())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let response = send_to(gw).await;
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), 400);
+        assert_eq!(response.text().await.unwrap(), body);
+        assert_eq!(second_hits.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
+        assert!(health.is_available("first"));
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn insufficient_credits_at_the_start_of_a_stream_moves_on_and_pauses() {
+    let (broke, broke_hits) = start_answering_upstream(
+        200,
+        "text/event-stream",
+        "event: error\ndata: {\"type\":\"error\",\"error\":{\"type\":\"invalid_request_error\",\"message\":\"You don\\u0027t have enough credits\"}}\n\n",
+    )
+    .await;
+    let (good, _) = start_upstream(true).await;
+    let state = tw_gateway::AppState::new(two(broke, good)).unwrap();
+    let health = state.health.clone();
+    let gw = tw_gateway::serve(state, ([127, 0, 0, 1], 0).into())
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    for _ in 0..2 {
+        let text = reqwest::Client::new()
+            .post(format!("http://{gw}/v1/messages"))
+            .header("x-api-key", "tw-k")
+            .body(r#"{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","stream":true}"#)
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .text()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(text.contains("message_stop"), "{text}");
+        assert!(!text.contains("have enough credits"), "{text}");
+    }
+    assert!(!health.is_available("first"));
+    assert_eq!(broke_hits.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn the_last_upstreams_own_refusal_reaches_the_client() {
     // 没有下一家可换了：上游自己的原话比「回了 401」有用