diff --git a/apps/timo-web/api/axios.ts b/apps/timo-web/api/axios.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 158e3d7..0000000
--- a/apps/timo-web/api/axios.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-import axios from "axios";
-
-export const instance = axios.create({
-  baseURL: process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_API_BASE_URL,
-});
-
-instance.interceptors.response.use(
-  (response) => response,
-  (error) => {
-    // TODO: 추후 인증 방식 확정 후 error.response.status 기반 에러 핸들링 추가
-    return Promise.reject(error);
-  },
-);
diff --git a/apps/timo-web/api/client/axios.ts b/apps/timo-web/api/client/axios.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d892a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/timo-web/api/client/axios.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import axios from "axios";
+
+import { parseApiError } from "@/api/error/api-error";
+
+export const instance = axios.create({
+  baseURL: process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_API_BASE_URL,
+});
+
+instance.interceptors.response.use(
+  (response) => response,
+  (error) => {
+    // TODO: 추후 인증 방식 확정 후 status(401 등) 기반 사이드 이펙트(리다이렉트 등) 추가
+    return Promise.reject(parseApiError(error));
+  },
+);
diff --git a/apps/timo-web/api/query-client.ts b/apps/timo-web/api/client/query-client.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/timo-web/api/query-client.ts
rename to apps/timo-web/api/client/query-client.ts
diff --git a/apps/timo-web/api/error/api-error.ts b/apps/timo-web/api/error/api-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b87428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/timo-web/api/error/api-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import axios from "axios";
+
+import { ApiErrorResponse, apiErrorSchema } from "@/api/schema/response";
+
+export class ApiError extends Error {
+  readonly status: number;
+  readonly errorCode: string;
+  readonly path: string;
+  readonly timestamp: string;
+
+  constructor(response: ApiErrorResponse) {
+    super(response.message);
+    this.name = "ApiError";
+    this.status = response.status;
+    this.errorCode = response.errorCode;
+    this.path = response.path;
+    this.timestamp = response.timestamp;
+  }
+}
+
+export function parseApiError(error: unknown): ApiError {
+  if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
+    const parsed = apiErrorSchema.safeParse(error.response?.data);
+
+    if (parsed.success) {
+      return new ApiError(parsed.data);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return new ApiError({
+    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+    status: 0,
+    errorCode: "UNKNOWN_ERROR",
+    message:
+      error instanceof Error
+        ? error.message
+        : "알 수 없는 오류가 발생했습니다.",
+    path: "",
+  });
+}
diff --git a/apps/timo-web/api/schema/response.ts b/apps/timo-web/api/schema/response.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..985f1bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/timo-web/api/schema/response.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+export function apiResponseSchema<T extends z.ZodTypeAny>(dataSchema: T) {
+  return z.object({
+    status: z.number(),
+    message: z.string(),
+    data: dataSchema,
+  });
+}
+
+export const apiErrorSchema = z.object({
+  timestamp: z.string(),
+  status: z.number(),
+  errorCode: z.string(),
+  message: z.string(),
+  path: z.string(),
+});
+
+export type ApiErrorResponse = z.infer<typeof apiErrorSchema>;
diff --git a/apps/timo-web/package.json b/apps/timo-web/package.json
index 52c33af..e8bf086 100644
--- a/apps/timo-web/package.json
+++ b/apps/timo-web/package.json
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
     "axios": "^1.18.1",
     "next": "16.2.0",
     "react": "^19.2.0",
-    "react-dom": "^19.2.0"
+    "react-dom": "^19.2.0",
+    "zod": "^4.4.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@repo/eslint-config": "workspace:*",
diff --git a/apps/timo-web/providers/QueryProvider.tsx b/apps/timo-web/providers/QueryProvider.tsx
index 430398a..8c8dc38 100644
--- a/apps/timo-web/providers/QueryProvider.tsx
+++ b/apps/timo-web/providers/QueryProvider.tsx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import { QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import dynamic from "next/dynamic";
 
-import { queryClient } from "@/api/query-client";
+import { queryClient } from "@/api/client/query-client";
 
 const ReactQueryDevtools =
   process.env.NODE_ENV === "development"
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 387cd7a..4f3610c 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ importers:
       react-dom:
         specifier: ^19.2.0
         version: 19.2.0(react@19.2.0)
+      zod:
+        specifier: ^4.4.3
+        version: 4.4.3
     devDependencies:
       '@repo/eslint-config':
         specifier: workspace:*
@@ -4199,6 +4202,9 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-U/PBtDf35ff0D8X8D0jfdzHYEPFxAI7jJlxZXwCSez5M3190m+QobIfh+sWDWSHMCWWJN2AWamkegn6vr6YBTw==}
     engines: {node: '>=18'}
 
+  zod@4.4.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ytENFjIJFl2UwYglde2jchW2Hwm4GJFLDiSXWdTrJQBIN9Fcyp7n4DhxJEiWNAJMV1/BqWfW/kkg71UDcHJyTQ==}
+
 snapshots:
 
   '@adobe/css-tools@4.5.0': {}
@@ -8326,3 +8332,5 @@ snapshots:
   yocto-queue@0.1.0: {}
 
   yoctocolors-cjs@2.1.3: {}
+
+  zod@4.4.3: {}