From a3a03cc3c76dd1f05f55cd7138723f04171147b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Campos <ricardompcampos@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 19:39:51 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] feat: add last activity date time

---
 client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx       |  9 ++---
 client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx           |  3 +-
 client/src/types/SigninResponse.ts            |  1 +
 client/src/types/UserResponse.ts              |  1 +
 .../tasknoteapp/server/entity/UserEntity.java | 11 +++++++
 .../server/response/UserResponse.java         |  2 ++
 .../response/UserResponseWithToken.java       |  3 ++
 .../server/service/AuthService.java           |  1 +
 .../V202605171000__add_user_last_login.sql    |  1 +
 .../AuthenticationControllerTest.java         | 33 +++++++++++++++++--
 .../server/controller/UserControllerTest.java |  4 +--
 .../controller/UserSessionControllerTest.java |  3 +-
 .../server/service/AuthServiceTest.java       |  1 +
 .../service/UserSessionServiceTest.java       |  3 +-
 14 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 server/src/main/resources/db/migration/V202605171000__add_user_last_login.sql

diff --git a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
index c485edad..29667642 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
@@ -95,16 +95,17 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
 
         {/* Footer at the bottom */}
         <div className="mt-auto text-center text-muted py-3">
-          <small data-testid="footer-text">
-            {build}
-          </small>
+          <div>
+            <small>{`Active ${user?.lastLogin}`}</small>
+          </div>
+          <small data-testid="footer-text">{build}</small>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       {props.isMobileOpen && (
         <button
           className="position-fixed top-0 start-0 w-100 h-100 bg-dark bg-opacity-50 d-lg-none"
-          style={{ zIndex: 1 }}
+          style={{zIndex: 1}}
           onClick={() => props.setIsMobileOpen(false)}
           aria-label="Close mobile menu"
         />
diff --git a/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx b/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
index afb36248..34391a93 100644
--- a/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
+++ b/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ const AuthProvider: React.FC<{ children: React.ReactNode }> = ({ children }: Pro
         admin: registerResponse.admin,
         createdAt: new Date(registerResponse.createdAt),
         gravatarImageUrl: registerResponse.gravatarImageUrl,
-        lang: registerResponse.lang
+        lang: registerResponse.lang,
+        lastLogin: registerResponse.lastLogin
       };
 
       setSigned(true);
diff --git a/client/src/types/SigninResponse.ts b/client/src/types/SigninResponse.ts
index 2a36bda9..09396ad5 100644
--- a/client/src/types/SigninResponse.ts
+++ b/client/src/types/SigninResponse.ts
@@ -7,4 +7,5 @@ export type SignInResponse = {
   token: string;
   gravatarImageUrl: string;
   lang: string;
+  lastLogin: string;
 };
diff --git a/client/src/types/UserResponse.ts b/client/src/types/UserResponse.ts
index cbf5ae51..a9890531 100644
--- a/client/src/types/UserResponse.ts
+++ b/client/src/types/UserResponse.ts
@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ export type UserResponse = {
   createdAt: Date;
   gravatarImageUrl: string;
   lang: string;
+  lastLogin: string;
 };
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/entity/UserEntity.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/entity/UserEntity.java
index b942d7e5..8e6a014f 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/entity/UserEntity.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/entity/UserEntity.java
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ public class UserEntity implements UserDetails {
   @Column(name = "last_password_change", nullable = false)
   private LocalDateTime lastPasswordChange;
 
+  @Column(name = "last_login")
+  private LocalDateTime lastLogin;
+
   @Override
   public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
     return List.of();
@@ -173,4 +176,12 @@ public LocalDateTime getLastPasswordChange() {
   public void setLastPasswordChange(LocalDateTime lastPasswordChange) {
     this.lastPasswordChange = lastPasswordChange;
   }
+
+  public LocalDateTime getLastLogin() {
+    return lastLogin;
+  }
+
+  public void setLastLogin(LocalDateTime lastLogin) {
+    this.lastLogin = lastLogin;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
index 9f1d0711..f158ef4c 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ public record UserResponse(
     Boolean admin,
     LocalDateTime createdAt,
     LocalDateTime inactivatedAt,
+    LocalDateTime lastLogin,
     String gravatarImageUrl) {
 
   /**
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ public static UserResponse fromEntity(UserEntity user, String gravatarUrl) {
         user.getAdmin(),
         user.getCreatedAt(),
         user.getInactivatedAt(),
+        user.getLastLogin(),
         gravatarUrl);
   }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
index 5e28156a..ed5c79f6 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package br.com.tasknoteapp.server.response;
 
 import br.com.tasknoteapp.server.entity.UserEntity;
+import br.com.tasknoteapp.server.util.TimeAgoUtil;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
 /** This record represents a User Response object. */
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ public record UserResponseWithToken(
     Boolean admin,
     LocalDateTime createdAt,
     LocalDateTime inactivatedAt,
+    String lastLogin,
     String gravatarImageUrl,
     String token,
     String lang) {
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ public static UserResponseWithToken fromEntity(
         user.getAdmin(),
         user.getCreatedAt(),
         user.getInactivatedAt(),
+        TimeAgoUtil.format(user.getLastLogin()),
         gravatarUrl,
         token,
         user.getLang());
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
index 94bfc945..41d6cabb 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signInUser(LoginRequest login) {
 
       logger.info("User authenticated! Token {}", token.substring(0, 6) + "...");
 
+      user.setLastLogin(LocalDateTime.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS));
       userPwdLimitRepository.deleteAllForUser(user.getId());
       userRepository.save(user);
       return UserResponseWithToken.fromEntity(
diff --git a/server/src/main/resources/db/migration/V202605171000__add_user_last_login.sql b/server/src/main/resources/db/migration/V202605171000__add_user_last_login.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db0fb2b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/resources/db/migration/V202605171000__add_user_last_login.sql
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE tasknote.users ADD COLUMN last_login TIMESTAMP;
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
index 37eae3d3..310ceaca 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
@@ -37,7 +37,16 @@ void signup_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
         new UserResponseWithToken(
-            123L, null, request.email(), false, LocalDateTime.now(), null, null, token, "en");
+            123L,
+            null,
+            request.email(),
+            false,
+            LocalDateTime.now(),
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            token,
+            "en");
     when(authService.signUpNewUser(request)).thenReturn(response);
 
     String jsonString =
@@ -68,7 +77,16 @@ void signup_badEmailRequest_shouldFail() throws Exception {
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
         new UserResponseWithToken(
-            123L, null, request.email(), false, LocalDateTime.now(), null, null, token, "en");
+            123L,
+            null,
+            request.email(),
+            false,
+            LocalDateTime.now(),
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            token,
+            "en");
     when(authService.signUpNewUser(request)).thenReturn(response);
 
     String jsonString =
@@ -127,7 +145,16 @@ void signin_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
         new UserResponseWithToken(
-            123L, null, request.email(), false, LocalDateTime.now(), null, null, token, "en");
+            123L,
+            null,
+            request.email(),
+            false,
+            LocalDateTime.now(),
+            null,
+            null,
+            null,
+            token,
+            "en");
     when(authService.signInUser(request)).thenReturn(response);
 
     String jsonString =
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/UserControllerTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/UserControllerTest.java
index a4703f4e..31c43a32 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/UserControllerTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/UserControllerTest.java
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class UserControllerTest {
   @WithMockUser(username = "user@domain.com", password = "abcde123456A@")
   void getAllUsers_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
     UserResponse userResponse =
-        new UserResponse(1L, "John", "email@test.com", false, null, null, null);
+        new UserResponse(1L, "John", "email@test.com", false, null, null, null, null);
     when(authService.getAllUsers()).thenReturn(List.of(userResponse));
 
     mockMvc
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void getAllUsers_unauthorized_shouldFail() throws Exception {
   @WithMockUser(username = "user@domain.com", password = "abcde123456A@")
   void patchUserInfo_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
     UserResponse response =
-        new UserResponse(1L, "John", "email@example.com", false, null, null, null);
+        new UserResponse(1L, "John", "email@example.com", false, null, null, null, null);
     UserPatchRequest request = new UserPatchRequest("John Doe", response.email(), null, null, null);
     when(authService.patchUserInfo(request)).thenReturn(response);
 
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/UserSessionControllerTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/UserSessionControllerTest.java
index d1f75097..6b99909c 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/UserSessionControllerTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/UserSessionControllerTest.java
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ void refresh_unauthorized_shouldFail() throws Exception {
   @DisplayName("Delete account happy path should succeed")
   @WithMockUser(username = "user@domain.com", password = "abcde123456A@")
   void deleteAccount_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
-    UserResponse response = new UserResponse(1L, "John", "email@test.com", false, null, null, null);
+    UserResponse response =
+        new UserResponse(1L, "John", "email@test.com", false, null, null, null, null);
     when(userSessionService.deleteCurrentUserAccount()).thenReturn(response);
 
     mockMvc
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
index bba793f2..8e1312be 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ void signUpNewUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
     Assertions.assertNull(token.token());
     Assertions.assertEquals(entity.getEmail(), token.email());
     Assertions.assertNotNull(entity.getEmailUuid());
+    verify(userRepository).save(any(UserEntity.class));
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/UserSessionServiceTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/UserSessionServiceTest.java
index 81036432..76ab17ca 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/UserSessionServiceTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/UserSessionServiceTest.java
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ void deleteCurrentUserAccount_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
     when(noteService.getAllNotes()).thenReturn(List.of(note));
     when(authService.deleteUserAccount())
         .thenReturn(
-            new UserResponse(user.getId(), "user", user.getEmail(), false, null, null, null));
+            new UserResponse(
+                user.getId(), "user", user.getEmail(), false, null, null, null, null));
 
     // Act
     UserResponse response = userSessionService.deleteCurrentUserAccount();

From 7934267bf71dd68104ab51be2618cc965c5d2cdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Campos <ricardompcampos@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 15:37:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] chore: update missing files

---
 client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx                      | 4 ++--
 .../br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java     | 5 +++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
index 29667642..c793afb3 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
         {/* Footer at the bottom */}
         <div className="mt-auto text-center text-muted py-3">
           <div>
-            <small>{`Active ${user?.lastLogin}`}</small>
+            <small>{`Last seen ${user?.lastLogin}`}</small>
           </div>
           <small data-testid="footer-text">{build}</small>
         </div>
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
       {props.isMobileOpen && (
         <button
           className="position-fixed top-0 start-0 w-100 h-100 bg-dark bg-opacity-50 d-lg-none"
-          style={{zIndex: 1}}
+          style={{ zIndex: 1 }}
           onClick={() => props.setIsMobileOpen(false)}
           aria-label="Close mobile menu"
         />
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
index f158ef4c..ff88bf0d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package br.com.tasknoteapp.server.response;
 
 import br.com.tasknoteapp.server.entity.UserEntity;
+import br.com.tasknoteapp.server.util.TimeAgoUtil;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
 /** This record represents a User Response object. */
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ public record UserResponse(
     Boolean admin,
     LocalDateTime createdAt,
     LocalDateTime inactivatedAt,
-    LocalDateTime lastLogin,
+    String lastLogin,
     String gravatarImageUrl) {
 
   /**
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ public static UserResponse fromEntity(UserEntity user, String gravatarUrl) {
         user.getAdmin(),
         user.getCreatedAt(),
         user.getInactivatedAt(),
-        user.getLastLogin(),
+        TimeAgoUtil.format(user.getLastLogin()),
         gravatarUrl);
   }
 }

From 56e39a7948d163add1b68eba3e68ec64649f4ff4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Campos <ricardompcampos@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 18:23:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] chore: improve last seen message to inclute timezone

---
 client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx           |  3 +-
 .../server/request/LoginRequest.java          | 12 +++++++-
 .../server/response/UserResponse.java         |  5 ++--
 .../response/UserResponseWithToken.java       |  7 +++--
 .../server/service/AuthService.java           | 15 ++++++----
 .../tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java  | 23 ++++++++++++++
 .../AuthenticationControllerTest.java         | 30 ++++++++++++-------
 .../server/service/AuthServiceTest.java       | 16 +++++-----
 8 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx b/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
index 34391a93..29619295 100644
--- a/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
+++ b/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ const AuthProvider: React.FC<{ children: React.ReactNode }> = ({ children }: Pro
 
   const signIn = async (email: string, password: string): Promise<string> => {
     try {
-      const payload = { email, password };
+      const timezone = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;
+      const payload = { email, password, timezone };
       const registerResponse: SignInResponse = await api.postJSON(ApiConfig.signInUrl, payload);
       const currentUser: UserResponse = {
         userId: registerResponse.userId,
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/request/LoginRequest.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/request/LoginRequest.java
index e6e0ead2..520f7d68 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/request/LoginRequest.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/request/LoginRequest.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package br.com.tasknoteapp.server.request;
 
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.Email;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
 
 /** This class represents a login request with user email and password. */
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ public class LoginRequest {
 
   private final String lang;
 
+  @NotBlank private String timezone;
+
   /**
    * Constructs a LoginRequest with the specified email and password.
    *
@@ -21,12 +24,15 @@ public class LoginRequest {
    * @param password the user password
    * @param passwordAgain the user password again
    * @param lang the user language
+   * @param timezone the user timezone (optional)
    */
-  public LoginRequest(String email, String password, String passwordAgain, String lang) {
+  public LoginRequest(String email, String password, String passwordAgain, String lang,
+      String timezone) {
     this.email = email;
     this.password = password;
     this.passwordAgain = passwordAgain;
     this.lang = lang;
+    this.timezone = timezone;
   }
 
   public String email() {
@@ -53,6 +59,10 @@ public String lang() {
     return lang;
   }
 
+  public String timezone() {
+    return timezone;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public boolean equals(Object o) {
     if (this == o) {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
index ff88bf0d..2b0ba1f7 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ public record UserResponse(
    * @param user The user entity instance with user info to be used as source.
    * @return UserResponse instance.
    */
-  public static UserResponse fromEntity(UserEntity user, String gravatarUrl) {
+  public static UserResponse fromEntity(UserEntity user, String gravatarUrl,
+      String timezone) {
     return new UserResponse(
         user.getId(),
         user.getName(),
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ public static UserResponse fromEntity(UserEntity user, String gravatarUrl) {
         user.getAdmin(),
         user.getCreatedAt(),
         user.getInactivatedAt(),
-        TimeAgoUtil.format(user.getLastLogin()),
+        TimeAgoUtil.formatLastSeen(user.getLastLogin(), timezone),
         gravatarUrl);
   }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
index ed5c79f6..0d5711f6 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ public record UserResponseWithToken(
    * @return UserResponse instance.
    */
   public static UserResponseWithToken fromEntity(
-      UserEntity user, String token, String gravatarUrl) {
+      UserEntity user,
+      String token,
+      String gravatarUrl,
+      String timezone) {
     return new UserResponseWithToken(
         user.getId(),
         user.getName(),
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ public static UserResponseWithToken fromEntity(
         user.getAdmin(),
         user.getCreatedAt(),
         user.getInactivatedAt(),
-        TimeAgoUtil.format(user.getLastLogin()),
+        TimeAgoUtil.formatLastSeen(user.getLastLogin(), timezone),
         gravatarUrl,
         token,
         user.getLang());
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
index 41d6cabb..fb422b22 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
@@ -146,7 +146,8 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signUpNewUser(LoginRequest newUser) {
 
     logger.info("User created! ID {}", user.getId());
     return UserResponseWithToken.fromEntity(
-        user, null, getGravatarImageUrl(newUser.email()).orElse(null));
+        user, null, getGravatarImageUrl(newUser.email()).orElse(null),
+        null);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -201,6 +202,8 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signInUser(LoginRequest login) {
     user.setResetToken(null);
     user.setResetPasswordExpiration(null);
 
+    logger.info("Timezone received for user ID: {}: {}", user.getId(), login.timezone());
+
     try {
       authenticationManager.authenticate(
           new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(login.email(), login.password()));
@@ -213,7 +216,8 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signInUser(LoginRequest login) {
       userPwdLimitRepository.deleteAllForUser(user.getId());
       userRepository.save(user);
       return UserResponseWithToken.fromEntity(
-          user, token, getGravatarImageUrl(login.email()).orElse(null));
+          user, token, getGravatarImageUrl(login.email()).orElse(null),
+          login.timezone());
     } catch (BadCredentialsException e) {
       logger.error(
           "BadCredentialsException when logging in user {}: {}", user.getId(), e.getMessage());
@@ -259,7 +263,8 @@ public List<UserResponse> getAllUsers() {
     users.forEach(
         u ->
             usersResponse.add(
-                UserResponse.fromEntity(u, getGravatarImageUrl(u.getEmail()).orElse(null))));
+                UserResponse.fromEntity(u, getGravatarImageUrl(u.getEmail()).orElse(null),
+                  null)));
     logger.info("{} user(s) found!", usersResponse.size());
 
     return usersResponse;
@@ -299,7 +304,7 @@ public UserResponse deleteUserAccount() {
     userPwdLimitRepository.deleteAllForUser(currentUser.getId());
     userRepository.delete(currentUser);
 
-    return UserResponse.fromEntity(currentUser, getGravatarImageUrl(email).orElse(null));
+    return UserResponse.fromEntity(currentUser, getGravatarImageUrl(email).orElse(null), null);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -362,7 +367,7 @@ public UserResponse patchUserInfo(UserPatchRequest patchRequest) {
       mailgunEmailService.sendEmailChangedNotification(currentUser, email);
     }
 
-    return UserResponse.fromEntity(currentUser, getGravatarImageUrl(email).orElse(null));
+    return UserResponse.fromEntity(currentUser, getGravatarImageUrl(email).orElse(null), null);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java
index dcd5a552..19f81484 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.Period;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
 import java.time.format.TextStyle;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -94,6 +97,26 @@ public static String formatDueDate(LocalDate futureDate) {
     return sb + dateFmt;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Format a given local date into last seen format.
+   *
+   * @param localDate LocalDateTime instance to be formatted in the dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm format.
+   * @param timezone Timezone to be used when formatting (optional)
+   * @return The formatted date.
+   */
+  public static String formatLastSeen(LocalDateTime localDate, String timezone) {
+    if (localDate == null) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    if (timezone == null) {
+      timezone = "America/Sao_Paulo";
+    }
+    ZoneId zone = ZoneId.of(timezone);
+    ZonedDateTime zdt = localDate.atZone(zone);
+    DateTimeFormatter fmt = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm");
+    return zdt.format(fmt);
+  }
+
   private static String getDaySuffix(int day) {
     if (day >= 11 && day <= 13) {
       return "th";
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
index 310ceaca..e47ea41c 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ class AuthenticationControllerTest {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("Sign up happy path should succeed")
   void signup_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request =
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
     final String token = "xaxbxcxdx1x2x3A@";
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
@@ -54,7 +55,8 @@ void signup_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
         {
           "email": "user@domain.com",
           "password": "abcde123456",
-          "passwordAgain": "abcde123456"
+          "passwordAgain": "abcde123456",
+          "timezone": "UTC"
         }
         """;
 
@@ -72,7 +74,8 @@ void signup_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("Sign up bad email request should fail")
   void signup_badEmailRequest_shouldFail() throws Exception {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("user@domain..com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request =
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain..com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
     final String token = "xaxbxcxdx1x2x3@A";
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
@@ -94,7 +97,8 @@ void signup_badEmailRequest_shouldFail() throws Exception {
         {
           "email": "user@domain..com",
           "password": "abcde123456",
-          "passwordAgain": "abcde123456"
+          "passwordAgain": "abcde123456",
+          "timezone": "UTC"
         }
         """;
 
@@ -112,7 +116,8 @@ void signup_badEmailRequest_shouldFail() throws Exception {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("Sign up email already exists should fail")
   void signup_userAlreadyExists_shouldFail() throws Exception {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request =
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
 
     when(authService.signUpNewUser(request)).thenThrow(new EmailAlreadyExistsException());
 
@@ -122,7 +127,8 @@ void signup_userAlreadyExists_shouldFail() throws Exception {
           "email": "user@domain.com",
           "password": "abcde123456",
           "passwordAgain": "abcde123456",
-          "lang": "en"
+          "lang": "en",
+          "timezone": "UTC"
         }
         """;
 
@@ -140,7 +146,8 @@ void signup_userAlreadyExists_shouldFail() throws Exception {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("Sign in happy path should succeed")
   void signin_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request =
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
     final String token = "xaxbxcxdx1x2x3A@";
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
@@ -163,7 +170,8 @@ void signin_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
           "email": "user@domain.com",
           "password": "abcde123456",
           "passwordAgain": "abcde123456",
-          "lang": "en"
+          "lang": "en",
+          "timezone": "UTC"
         }
         """;
 
@@ -185,7 +193,8 @@ void signin_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("Sign in invalid credentials should fail")
   void signIn_invalidCredentials_shouldFail() throws Exception {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request =
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
 
     when(authService.signInUser(request)).thenReturn(null);
 
@@ -193,7 +202,8 @@ void signIn_invalidCredentials_shouldFail() throws Exception {
         """
         {
           "email": "user@domain.com",
-          "password": "abcde123456"
+          "password": "abcde123456",
+          "timezone": "UTC"
         }
         """;
 
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
index 8e1312be..84186ffa 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void setup() {
   @DisplayName("SignUp new user happy path should succeed")
   void signUpNewUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456@abcde!", "123456@abcde!", "en");
+        new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456@abcde!", "123456@abcde!", "en", "UTC");
 
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
     when(authUtil.validatePassword(request.password())).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ void signUpNewUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
   @DisplayName("SignUp new user with existing email should fail")
   void signUpNewUser_emailExists_shouldFail() {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456@abcde!", "123456@abcde!", "en");
+        new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456@abcde!", "123456@abcde!", "en", "UTC");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.of(existing));
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ void signUpNewUser_emailExists_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignUp new user with bad password should fail")
   void signUpNewUser_badPassword_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
 
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
     when(authUtil.validatePassword(request.password())).thenReturn(Optional.of("Bad password"));
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void loadUserByUsername_notFound_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn user happy path should succeed")
   void signInUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ void signInUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn user not confirmed should fail")
   void signInUser_notConfirmed_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ void signInUser_notConfirmed_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn wrong user or password should fail")
   void signInUser_wrongUserOrPassword_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
 
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
 
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ void signInUser_wrongUserOrPassword_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn max login attempt should fail")
   void signInUser_maxLoginAttempt_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ void signInUser_maxLoginAttempt_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn bad credentials should fail")
   void signInUser_badCredentials_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);

From 05388f218e4989ecfd4d6380b47af4900c4df395 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Campos <ricardompcampos@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 20:01:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] chore: remove the formatting from backend

---
 client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx       | 25 +++++++++++++++----
 client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx           |  3 +--
 .../server/request/LoginRequest.java          | 12 +--------
 .../server/response/UserResponse.java         |  8 +++---
 .../response/UserResponseWithToken.java       | 10 +++-----
 .../server/service/AuthService.java           | 15 ++++-------
 .../tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java  | 23 -----------------
 .../AuthenticationControllerTest.java         | 10 ++++----
 .../server/service/AuthServiceTest.java       | 16 ++++++------
 9 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)

diff --git a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
index c793afb3..8b5ae036 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import React, { useContext, useEffect } from 'react';
+import React, { useContext, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { Nav } from 'react-bootstrap';
 import { NavLink } from 'react-router';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ interface Props {
 function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
   const { signOut, user } = useContext(AuthContext);
   const { currentPage, setNewPage } = useContext(SidebarContext);
+  const [lastSeen, setLastSeen] = useState('');
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const build = `Build: ${env.VITE_BUILD}`;
 
@@ -46,7 +47,19 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
     return '';
   };
 
-  useEffect(() => {}, [user, currentPage]);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (user && user.lastLogin) {
+      const fmtted = new Date(user.lastLogin).toLocateString(navigator.language, {
+        timeZone: Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timezone,
+        day: '2-digit',
+        month: '2-digit',
+        year: 'numeric',
+        hour: '2-digit',
+        minute: '2-digit'
+      });
+      setLastSeen(fmtted);
+    }
+  }, [user, currentPage]);
 
   return (
     <>
@@ -95,9 +108,11 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
 
         {/* Footer at the bottom */}
         <div className="mt-auto text-center text-muted py-3">
-          <div>
-            <small>{`Last seen ${user?.lastLogin}`}</small>
-          </div>
+          {lastSeen && (
+            <div>
+              <small>{`Last seen ${lastSeen}`}</small>
+            </div>
+          )}
           <small data-testid="footer-text">{build}</small>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx b/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
index 29619295..34391a93 100644
--- a/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
+++ b/client/src/context/AuthProvider.tsx
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ const AuthProvider: React.FC<{ children: React.ReactNode }> = ({ children }: Pro
 
   const signIn = async (email: string, password: string): Promise<string> => {
     try {
-      const timezone = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;
-      const payload = { email, password, timezone };
+      const payload = { email, password };
       const registerResponse: SignInResponse = await api.postJSON(ApiConfig.signInUrl, payload);
       const currentUser: UserResponse = {
         userId: registerResponse.userId,
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/request/LoginRequest.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/request/LoginRequest.java
index 520f7d68..e6e0ead2 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/request/LoginRequest.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/request/LoginRequest.java
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package br.com.tasknoteapp.server.request;
 
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.Email;
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
 
 /** This class represents a login request with user email and password. */
@@ -15,8 +14,6 @@ public class LoginRequest {
 
   private final String lang;
 
-  @NotBlank private String timezone;
-
   /**
    * Constructs a LoginRequest with the specified email and password.
    *
@@ -24,15 +21,12 @@ public class LoginRequest {
    * @param password the user password
    * @param passwordAgain the user password again
    * @param lang the user language
-   * @param timezone the user timezone (optional)
    */
-  public LoginRequest(String email, String password, String passwordAgain, String lang,
-      String timezone) {
+  public LoginRequest(String email, String password, String passwordAgain, String lang) {
     this.email = email;
     this.password = password;
     this.passwordAgain = passwordAgain;
     this.lang = lang;
-    this.timezone = timezone;
   }
 
   public String email() {
@@ -59,10 +53,6 @@ public String lang() {
     return lang;
   }
 
-  public String timezone() {
-    return timezone;
-  }
-
   @Override
   public boolean equals(Object o) {
     if (this == o) {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
index 2b0ba1f7..f158ef4c 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponse.java
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package br.com.tasknoteapp.server.response;
 
 import br.com.tasknoteapp.server.entity.UserEntity;
-import br.com.tasknoteapp.server.util.TimeAgoUtil;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
 /** This record represents a User Response object. */
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ public record UserResponse(
     Boolean admin,
     LocalDateTime createdAt,
     LocalDateTime inactivatedAt,
-    String lastLogin,
+    LocalDateTime lastLogin,
     String gravatarImageUrl) {
 
   /**
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@ public record UserResponse(
    * @param user The user entity instance with user info to be used as source.
    * @return UserResponse instance.
    */
-  public static UserResponse fromEntity(UserEntity user, String gravatarUrl,
-      String timezone) {
+  public static UserResponse fromEntity(UserEntity user, String gravatarUrl) {
     return new UserResponse(
         user.getId(),
         user.getName(),
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ public static UserResponse fromEntity(UserEntity user, String gravatarUrl,
         user.getAdmin(),
         user.getCreatedAt(),
         user.getInactivatedAt(),
-        TimeAgoUtil.formatLastSeen(user.getLastLogin(), timezone),
+        user.getLastLogin(),
         gravatarUrl);
   }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
index 0d5711f6..f335d266 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/response/UserResponseWithToken.java
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package br.com.tasknoteapp.server.response;
 
 import br.com.tasknoteapp.server.entity.UserEntity;
-import br.com.tasknoteapp.server.util.TimeAgoUtil;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
 /** This record represents a User Response object. */
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ public record UserResponseWithToken(
     Boolean admin,
     LocalDateTime createdAt,
     LocalDateTime inactivatedAt,
-    String lastLogin,
+    LocalDateTime lastLogin,
     String gravatarImageUrl,
     String token,
     String lang) {
@@ -25,10 +24,7 @@ public record UserResponseWithToken(
    * @return UserResponse instance.
    */
   public static UserResponseWithToken fromEntity(
-      UserEntity user,
-      String token,
-      String gravatarUrl,
-      String timezone) {
+      UserEntity user, String token, String gravatarUrl) {
     return new UserResponseWithToken(
         user.getId(),
         user.getName(),
@@ -36,7 +32,7 @@ public static UserResponseWithToken fromEntity(
         user.getAdmin(),
         user.getCreatedAt(),
         user.getInactivatedAt(),
-        TimeAgoUtil.formatLastSeen(user.getLastLogin(), timezone),
+        user.getLastLogin(),
         gravatarUrl,
         token,
         user.getLang());
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
index fb422b22..41d6cabb 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
@@ -146,8 +146,7 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signUpNewUser(LoginRequest newUser) {
 
     logger.info("User created! ID {}", user.getId());
     return UserResponseWithToken.fromEntity(
-        user, null, getGravatarImageUrl(newUser.email()).orElse(null),
-        null);
+        user, null, getGravatarImageUrl(newUser.email()).orElse(null));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -202,8 +201,6 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signInUser(LoginRequest login) {
     user.setResetToken(null);
     user.setResetPasswordExpiration(null);
 
-    logger.info("Timezone received for user ID: {}: {}", user.getId(), login.timezone());
-
     try {
       authenticationManager.authenticate(
           new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(login.email(), login.password()));
@@ -216,8 +213,7 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signInUser(LoginRequest login) {
       userPwdLimitRepository.deleteAllForUser(user.getId());
       userRepository.save(user);
       return UserResponseWithToken.fromEntity(
-          user, token, getGravatarImageUrl(login.email()).orElse(null),
-          login.timezone());
+          user, token, getGravatarImageUrl(login.email()).orElse(null));
     } catch (BadCredentialsException e) {
       logger.error(
           "BadCredentialsException when logging in user {}: {}", user.getId(), e.getMessage());
@@ -263,8 +259,7 @@ public List<UserResponse> getAllUsers() {
     users.forEach(
         u ->
             usersResponse.add(
-                UserResponse.fromEntity(u, getGravatarImageUrl(u.getEmail()).orElse(null),
-                  null)));
+                UserResponse.fromEntity(u, getGravatarImageUrl(u.getEmail()).orElse(null))));
     logger.info("{} user(s) found!", usersResponse.size());
 
     return usersResponse;
@@ -304,7 +299,7 @@ public UserResponse deleteUserAccount() {
     userPwdLimitRepository.deleteAllForUser(currentUser.getId());
     userRepository.delete(currentUser);
 
-    return UserResponse.fromEntity(currentUser, getGravatarImageUrl(email).orElse(null), null);
+    return UserResponse.fromEntity(currentUser, getGravatarImageUrl(email).orElse(null));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -367,7 +362,7 @@ public UserResponse patchUserInfo(UserPatchRequest patchRequest) {
       mailgunEmailService.sendEmailChangedNotification(currentUser, email);
     }
 
-    return UserResponse.fromEntity(currentUser, getGravatarImageUrl(email).orElse(null), null);
+    return UserResponse.fromEntity(currentUser, getGravatarImageUrl(email).orElse(null));
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java
index 19f81484..dcd5a552 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/util/TimeAgoUtil.java
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.Period;
-import java.time.ZoneId;
-import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
-import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
 import java.time.format.TextStyle;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -97,26 +94,6 @@ public static String formatDueDate(LocalDate futureDate) {
     return sb + dateFmt;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Format a given local date into last seen format.
-   *
-   * @param localDate LocalDateTime instance to be formatted in the dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm format.
-   * @param timezone Timezone to be used when formatting (optional)
-   * @return The formatted date.
-   */
-  public static String formatLastSeen(LocalDateTime localDate, String timezone) {
-    if (localDate == null) {
-      return "";
-    }
-    if (timezone == null) {
-      timezone = "America/Sao_Paulo";
-    }
-    ZoneId zone = ZoneId.of(timezone);
-    ZonedDateTime zdt = localDate.atZone(zone);
-    DateTimeFormatter fmt = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm");
-    return zdt.format(fmt);
-  }
-
   private static String getDaySuffix(int day) {
     if (day >= 11 && day <= 13) {
       return "th";
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
index e47ea41c..42ab95bc 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/controller/AuthenticationControllerTest.java
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class AuthenticationControllerTest {
   @DisplayName("Sign up happy path should succeed")
   void signup_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
     final String token = "xaxbxcxdx1x2x3A@";
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void signup_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
   @DisplayName("Sign up bad email request should fail")
   void signup_badEmailRequest_shouldFail() throws Exception {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("user@domain..com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain..com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
     final String token = "xaxbxcxdx1x2x3@A";
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void signup_badEmailRequest_shouldFail() throws Exception {
   @DisplayName("Sign up email already exists should fail")
   void signup_userAlreadyExists_shouldFail() throws Exception {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
 
     when(authService.signUpNewUser(request)).thenThrow(new EmailAlreadyExistsException());
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ void signup_userAlreadyExists_shouldFail() throws Exception {
   @DisplayName("Sign in happy path should succeed")
   void signin_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
     final String token = "xaxbxcxdx1x2x3A@";
 
     UserResponseWithToken response =
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void signin_happyPath_shouldSucceed() throws Exception {
   @DisplayName("Sign in invalid credentials should fail")
   void signIn_invalidCredentials_shouldFail() throws Exception {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en", "UTC");
+        new LoginRequest("user@domain.com", "abcde123456", "abcde123456", "en");
 
     when(authService.signInUser(request)).thenReturn(null);
 
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
index 84186ffa..8e1312be 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void setup() {
   @DisplayName("SignUp new user happy path should succeed")
   void signUpNewUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456@abcde!", "123456@abcde!", "en", "UTC");
+        new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456@abcde!", "123456@abcde!", "en");
 
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
     when(authUtil.validatePassword(request.password())).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ void signUpNewUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
   @DisplayName("SignUp new user with existing email should fail")
   void signUpNewUser_emailExists_shouldFail() {
     LoginRequest request =
-        new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456@abcde!", "123456@abcde!", "en", "UTC");
+        new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456@abcde!", "123456@abcde!", "en");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.of(existing));
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ void signUpNewUser_emailExists_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignUp new user with bad password should fail")
   void signUpNewUser_badPassword_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
 
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
     when(authUtil.validatePassword(request.password())).thenReturn(Optional.of("Bad password"));
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void loadUserByUsername_notFound_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn user happy path should succeed")
   void signInUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ void signInUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn user not confirmed should fail")
   void signInUser_notConfirmed_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ void signInUser_notConfirmed_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn wrong user or password should fail")
   void signInUser_wrongUserOrPassword_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
 
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
 
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ void signInUser_wrongUserOrPassword_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn max login attempt should fail")
   void signInUser_maxLoginAttempt_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ void signInUser_maxLoginAttempt_shouldFail() {
   @Test
   @DisplayName("SignIn bad credentials should fail")
   void signInUser_badCredentials_shouldFail() {
-    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en", "UTC");
+    LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);

From 92f858d3ea51b3ee11fa80bb361e70d0e42a0e2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Campos <ricardompcampos@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 20:06:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] chore: fix client issues

---
 client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
index 8b5ae036..6868ed06 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (user && user.lastLogin) {
-      const fmtted = new Date(user.lastLogin).toLocateString(navigator.language, {
-        timeZone: Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timezone,
+      const fmtted = new Date(user.lastLogin).toLocaleString(navigator.language, {
+        timeZone: Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone,
         day: '2-digit',
         month: '2-digit',
         year: 'numeric',

From b475f30d272ef2787723a4a4df46c6ab71b418b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Campos <ricardompcampos@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 20:28:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] fix: add utd to formatting in the client

---
 client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
index 6868ed06..92d165cb 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (user && user.lastLogin) {
-      const fmtted = new Date(user.lastLogin).toLocaleString(navigator.language, {
+      const utcString = user.lastLogin.endsWith('Z')? user.lastLogin : `${user.lastLogin}Z`;
+      const fmtted = new Date(utcString).toLocaleString(navigator.language, {
         timeZone: Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone,
         day: '2-digit',
         month: '2-digit',

From 51d3960d46b3a061dbea3339d37fc46d46a6d739 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Campos <ricardompcampos@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 20:33:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] fix lint issue

---
 client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
index 92d165cb..6121e875 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (user && user.lastLogin) {
-      const utcString = user.lastLogin.endsWith('Z')? user.lastLogin : `${user.lastLogin}Z`;
+      const utcString = user.lastLogin.endsWith('Z') ? user.lastLogin : `${user.lastLogin}Z`;
       const fmtted = new Date(utcString).toLocaleString(navigator.language, {
         timeZone: Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone,
         day: '2-digit',

From 65b2ffdd659ff5dba4f9444b5c43102bee9db6ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Campos <ricardompcampos@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 21:16:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] chore: fix lastLogin always showing the current login

---
 .../server/service/AuthService.java           | 24 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
index 41d6cabb..ed31b59b 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
@@ -209,11 +209,14 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signInUser(LoginRequest login) {
 
       logger.info("User authenticated! Token {}", token.substring(0, 6) + "...");
 
+      final UserEntity responseUser = cloneUser(user, user.getLastLogin());
+
       user.setLastLogin(LocalDateTime.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS));
       userPwdLimitRepository.deleteAllForUser(user.getId());
       userRepository.save(user);
+
       return UserResponseWithToken.fromEntity(
-          user, token, getGravatarImageUrl(login.email()).orElse(null));
+          responseUser, token, getGravatarImageUrl(login.email()).orElse(null));
     } catch (BadCredentialsException e) {
       logger.error(
           "BadCredentialsException when logging in user {}: {}", user.getId(), e.getMessage());
@@ -554,4 +557,23 @@ private boolean hasValidMailgunApiKey() {
     return Optional.ofNullable(apiKey).isPresent()
         && !"invalid-api-key-only-placeholder".equals(apiKey);
   }
+
+  private UserEntity cloneUser(UserEntity user, LocalDateTime lastLogin) {
+    UserEntity u = new UserEntity();
+    u.setId(user.getId());
+    u.setEmail(user.getEmail());
+    u.setPassword(user.getPassword());
+    u.setAdmin(user.getAdmin());
+    u.setCreatedAt(user.getCreatedAt());
+    u.setInactivatedAt(user.getInactivatedAt());
+    u.setName(user.getName());
+    u.setEmailConfirmedAt(user.getEmailConfirmedAt());
+    u.setEmailUuid(user.getEmailUuid());
+    u.setResetPasswordExpiration(user.getResetPasswordExpiration());
+    u.setResetToken(user.getResetToken());
+    u.setLang(user.getLang());
+    u.setLastPasswordChange(user.getLastPasswordChange());
+    u.setLastLogin(lastLogin);
+    return u;
+  }
 }

From 39a33527bdac7258ca7e3f0ef8c35fb76c3e59a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 19:53:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] fix: address sidebar and sign-in review comments

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/RMCampos/tasknote/sessions/04a13c25-87ea-44cc-ac53-cfefd16e0262

Co-authored-by: RMCampos <2219519+RMCampos@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx       | 11 ++++--
 client/src/constants/english.ts               |  1 +
 client/src/constants/portuguese.ts            |  1 +
 client/src/constants/russian.ts               |  1 +
 client/src/constants/spanish.ts               |  1 +
 .../server/service/AuthService.java           | 36 ++++++++-----------
 .../server/service/AuthServiceTest.java       |  3 ++
 7 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
index 6121e875..cdd57275 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Sidebar/index.tsx
@@ -50,7 +50,12 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
   useEffect(() => {
     if (user && user.lastLogin) {
       const utcString = user.lastLogin.endsWith('Z') ? user.lastLogin : `${user.lastLogin}Z`;
-      const fmtted = new Date(utcString).toLocaleString(navigator.language, {
+      const date = new Date(utcString);
+      if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) {
+        setLastSeen('');
+        return;
+      }
+      const fmtted = date.toLocaleString(navigator.language, {
         timeZone: Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone,
         day: '2-digit',
         month: '2-digit',
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
       });
       setLastSeen(fmtted);
     }
-  }, [user, currentPage]);
+  }, [user]);
 
   return (
     <>
@@ -111,7 +116,7 @@ function Sidebar(props: React.PropsWithChildren<Props>): React.ReactNode {
         <div className="mt-auto text-center text-muted py-3">
           {lastSeen && (
             <div>
-              <small>{`Last seen ${lastSeen}`}</small>
+              <small>{t('sidebar_last_seen', { time: lastSeen })}</small>
             </div>
           )}
           <small data-testid="footer-text">{build}</small>
diff --git a/client/src/constants/english.ts b/client/src/constants/english.ts
index 3877f28a..5f13a62a 100644
--- a/client/src/constants/english.ts
+++ b/client/src/constants/english.ts
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ const enTranslations = {
   account_delete_btn: 'Yes, delete everything',
 
   footer_my_account: 'My Account ',
+  sidebar_last_seen: 'Last seen {{time}}',
 
   logout: 'Logout'
 };
diff --git a/client/src/constants/portuguese.ts b/client/src/constants/portuguese.ts
index 66e93421..675e7dfb 100644
--- a/client/src/constants/portuguese.ts
+++ b/client/src/constants/portuguese.ts
@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ const ptBrTranslations = {
   account_delete_btn: 'Sim, deletar tudo',
 
   footer_my_account: 'Minha Conta ',
+  sidebar_last_seen: 'Último acesso {{time}}',
 
   logout: 'Sair'
 };
diff --git a/client/src/constants/russian.ts b/client/src/constants/russian.ts
index bb813aeb..adba7d5f 100644
--- a/client/src/constants/russian.ts
+++ b/client/src/constants/russian.ts
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ const ruTranslations = {
   account_delete_btn: 'Да, удалить все',
 
   footer_my_account: 'Мой аккаунт ',
+  sidebar_last_seen: 'Последний вход {{time}}',
 
   logout: 'Выйти'
 };
diff --git a/client/src/constants/spanish.ts b/client/src/constants/spanish.ts
index 78d40511..f6827ca4 100644
--- a/client/src/constants/spanish.ts
+++ b/client/src/constants/spanish.ts
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ const esTranslations = {
   account_delete_btn: 'Sí, borra todo',
 
   footer_my_account: 'Mi Cuenta ',
+  sidebar_last_seen: 'Último acceso {{time}}',
 
   logout: 'Cerrar sesión'
 };
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
index ed31b59b..0ffa5c0d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthService.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -209,14 +210,23 @@ public UserResponseWithToken signInUser(LoginRequest login) {
 
       logger.info("User authenticated! Token {}", token.substring(0, 6) + "...");
 
-      final UserEntity responseUser = cloneUser(user, user.getLastLogin());
+      final LocalDateTime previousLastLogin = user.getLastLogin();
 
-      user.setLastLogin(LocalDateTime.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS));
+      user.setLastLogin(LocalDateTime.now(ZoneOffset.UTC).truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS));
       userPwdLimitRepository.deleteAllForUser(user.getId());
       userRepository.save(user);
 
-      return UserResponseWithToken.fromEntity(
-          responseUser, token, getGravatarImageUrl(login.email()).orElse(null));
+      return new UserResponseWithToken(
+          user.getId(),
+          user.getName(),
+          user.getEmail(),
+          user.getAdmin(),
+          user.getCreatedAt(),
+          user.getInactivatedAt(),
+          previousLastLogin,
+          getGravatarImageUrl(login.email()).orElse(null),
+          token,
+          user.getLang());
     } catch (BadCredentialsException e) {
       logger.error(
           "BadCredentialsException when logging in user {}: {}", user.getId(), e.getMessage());
@@ -558,22 +568,4 @@ private boolean hasValidMailgunApiKey() {
         && !"invalid-api-key-only-placeholder".equals(apiKey);
   }
 
-  private UserEntity cloneUser(UserEntity user, LocalDateTime lastLogin) {
-    UserEntity u = new UserEntity();
-    u.setId(user.getId());
-    u.setEmail(user.getEmail());
-    u.setPassword(user.getPassword());
-    u.setAdmin(user.getAdmin());
-    u.setCreatedAt(user.getCreatedAt());
-    u.setInactivatedAt(user.getInactivatedAt());
-    u.setName(user.getName());
-    u.setEmailConfirmedAt(user.getEmailConfirmedAt());
-    u.setEmailUuid(user.getEmailUuid());
-    u.setResetPasswordExpiration(user.getResetPasswordExpiration());
-    u.setResetToken(user.getResetToken());
-    u.setLang(user.getLang());
-    u.setLastPasswordChange(user.getLastPasswordChange());
-    u.setLastLogin(lastLogin);
-    return u;
-  }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
index 8e1312be..bf346dba 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/br/com/tasknoteapp/server/service/AuthServiceTest.java
@@ -195,11 +195,13 @@ void loadUserByUsername_notFound_shouldFail() {
   @DisplayName("SignIn user happy path should succeed")
   void signInUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
     LoginRequest request = new LoginRequest("email@domain.com", "123456", "123456", "en");
+    LocalDateTime oldLastLogin = LocalDateTime.of(2026, 5, 1, 10, 20, 30);
 
     UserEntity existing = new UserEntity();
     existing.setId(919L);
     existing.setEmail(request.email());
     existing.setEmailConfirmedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
+    existing.setLastLogin(oldLastLogin);
     when(userRepository.findByEmail(request.email())).thenReturn(Optional.of(existing));
 
     when(userPwdLimitRepository.findTop3ByUser_idOrderByWhenHappenedDesc(existing.getId()))
@@ -213,6 +215,7 @@ void signInUser_happyPath_shouldSucceed() {
 
     Assertions.assertNotNull(token);
     Assertions.assertEquals("a1b2c3", token.token());
+    Assertions.assertEquals(oldLastLogin, token.lastLogin());
   }
 
   @Test