diff --git a/1_collections.py b/1_collections.py
index 8f9dffd..edc68e4 100644
--- a/1_collections.py
+++ b/1_collections.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# # generic built-in functions
+#   generic built-in functions
 numbers = [45, 66, 12, 3, 99, 3.142, 42]
 print("min:", min(numbers), "max:", max(numbers))
 print("sum:", sum(numbers))
diff --git a/4b_practice.py b/4b_practice.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Daphs_practice_read_write.py b/Daphs_practice_read_write.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af5ae09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Daphs_practice_read_write.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+my_practice = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'r') # determine the location of the file and open file for reading
+print(my_practice.read())
+
+my_practice = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'r')
+print(my_practice.read(6)) # read first 6 characters
+
+my_practice = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'r')
+print(my_practice.readline()) # reads the first line
+
+print("#" * 20)
+for line in range(2): # reads the 2nd line as specified
+    print(my_practice.readline())
+print("#" * 20)
+
+new = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'r').read() # slurping: reads the entire file in one go
+print(new)
+print("#" * 20)
+
+new_list = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'r').read().splitlines() # turn file into a list
+print(new_list)
+
+print("#" * 20)
+for line in open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'r'):
+    print(line[:-2]) # exclude the last two characters of u and ?
+
+my_practice.close() # closes the file
+
+# file writing.....in reading, writing or appending, always open the file for reading after altering it
+my_practice = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'a') # "a" - Append - will append to the end of the file
+item1 = my_practice.write('New content added')
+my_practice = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'r')
+print(my_practice.read()) # prints the new content added
+
+print("#" * 20)
+practice_3 = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'w')  # "w" - Write - will overwrite any existing content
+practice_3.write('oops! whole file changed')
+practice_3 = open('sample_files/sisy.txt', 'r')
+print(practice_3.read())
+
+print("#" * 20)
+# You can create a new file
+# "x" - Create - will create a file, returns an error if the file exists
+#
+# "a" - Append - will create a file if the specified file does not exists
+#
+# "w" - Write - will create a file if the specified file does not exists
+
diff --git a/Exercise11.py b/Exercise11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2dddd9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Exercise11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+# Belgium is a variable attached to a string
+#          012345678901234567890123456789012340123456789012345678901234567890123401234567890123456789012345678901234
+Belgium = 'Belgium,10445852,Brussels,737966,Europe,1830,Euro,Catholicism,Dutch,French,German'
+
+# Print a line of hyphens the same length as the Belgium string
+# Use the len() function to return the number of elements in an object
+print("Length of a string:", len(Belgium))
+print("Length of a string:", len(Belgium) * '-') # print a line of hyphens the same length as the Belgium string
+
+# Replace the comma (,) separators in the string by colons (:)
+print("String with replacement:", Belgium.replace(",", ":"))
+
+# Define the population of Belgium(the first field)
+Belgium_population = (Belgium[8:16])
+belgium_list = Belgium.split(',')
+print(belgium_list[1])
+print(belgium_list[3])
+
+
+# Converting Belgium_population string into an integer in order to add it up
+num = int(Belgium_population)
+print(num)
+
+# Define the population of the capital city (the fourth field)
+Brussels_population = (Belgium[26:32])
+
+# Converting Brussels_population string into an integer in order to add it up
+num2 = int(Brussels_population)
+print(num2)
+
+# Adding the population of Belgium and Brussels to find the total
+print(num + num2)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Reanna Daphne.py b/Reanna Daphne.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/sample_files/sisy.txt b/sample_files/sisy.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29