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"""
Scrape Paderborn University pages into data/pages. jsonl
Strategy: Curation > crawling for a focused RAG.
"""
import json
import re
import time
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
import requests
import trafilatura
from trafilatura.settings import use_config
# ---- Config ----
OUT_PATH = Path("data/pages.jsonl")
DELAY_SECONDS = 1.0 # be polite — 1 second between requests
USER_AGENT = "PaderBot_Project"
MIN_CHARS = 300 # skip pages with too little extracted text — usually nav/empty pages
MAX_CHARS = 50000 # cap super long pages (rare; reduces chunking issues later)
# Trafilatura config — turn off aggressive deduplication so we keep good content
TRAF_CONFIG = use_config()
TRAF_CONFIG.set("DEFAULT", "EXTRACTION_TIMEOUT", "30")
# ============================================================
# URL list — START HERE
# ============================================================
# Curated seed list. EXPAND IT for your final scrape.
SEED_URLS = [
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/bafoeg", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/finanzierungswege-neben-dem-bafoeg", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/student-loans", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/studiendarlehen", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/studienstarthilfe", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/study-start-up-aid", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/video-consultation", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/videosprechstunde", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/bafoeg-co/ways-of-financing-besides-the-bafoeg", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/intercultural/mensa-flea-market", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/interkulturelles/mensaflohmarkt", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/live/application-for-housing", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/live/housing-types-and-prices", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/soziales/finanzierungsberatung", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/wohnen", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/wohnen/bewerbung-fuer-wohnraum", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/wohnen/lernraeume", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/wohnen/privatzimmerportal", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/wohnen/tutorinnen", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/en/wohnen/wohnformen-und-preise", "en"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/bafoeg", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/finanzierungswege-neben-dem-bafoeg", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/student-loans", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/studiendarlehen", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/studienstarthilfe", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/study-start-up-aid", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/video-consultation", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/videosprechstunde", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/bafoeg-co/ways-of-financing-besides-the-bafoeg", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/intercultural/mensa-flea-market", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/interkulturelles/mensaflohmarkt", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/live/application-for-housing", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/live/housing-types-and-prices", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/soziales/finanzierungsberatung", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/wohnen", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/wohnen/bewerbung-fuer-wohnraum", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/wohnen/lernraeume", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/wohnen/privatzimmerportal", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/wohnen/tutorinnen", "de"),
("https://stwpb.de/wohnen/wohnformen-und-preise", "de"),
("https://www.ub.uni-paderborn.de/en/", "en"),
("https://www.ub.uni-paderborn.de/en/library-use-and-borrowing/library-card", "en"),
("https://www.ub.uni-paderborn.de/", "de"),
("https://www.ub.uni-paderborn.de/library-use-and-borrowing/library-card", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/international", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/international/international-campus", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/international/international-profile", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/international/internationaler-campus", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/international/internationales-profil", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/quicklink/mensa", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies/international-office", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies/international-office/degree-students", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies/international-office/degree-students/refugees-welcome", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies/international-office/exchange-students-outgoing", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies/international-office/incoming-exchange-students", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies/schools-teachers", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies/social-sporting-and-cultural-activities-at-paderborn-university", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studies/students", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/international-office", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/international-office/austauschstudierende-incoming", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/international-office/austauschstudierende-incoming/patenprogramm", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/international-office/austauschstudierende-outgoing", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/international-office/degree-students", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/international-office/degree-students/fluechtlinge-willkommen", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/international-office/degree-students/fluechtlinge-willkommen/nrwege-patenprogramm-1", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/international-office/wissenschaftlerinnen-personal", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/kultur-sport-und-freizeit-an-der-universitaet-paderborn", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/schulen-lehrerinnen", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/studieninteressierte", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/studierende", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studium/termine-und-fristen", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/automotive-systems-engineering-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/chemistry-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/computer-engineering-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/computer-science-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/electrical-systems-engineering-english-taught-program-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/industrial-mathematics-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/international-business-studies-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/international-economics-and-management-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/management-information-systems-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/mechatronics-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/optoelectronics-and-photonics-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/studyoffer/course_of_study/physics-master", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/teaching/qualification-and-service/internationally-focused-academics", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/teaching/teaching/general-education-requirements-studium-generale", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/universitaet/international-relations", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/universitaet/international-relations/hochschulallianz-colours", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/universitaet/international-relations/welcomeservices", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/universitaet/international-relations/welcomeservices/nachrichten", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/university/international-relations", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/university/international-relations/hochschulallianz-colours", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/university/international-relations/translation-office", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/university/international-relations/translation-office/glossar", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/university/international-relations/welcomeservices", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/en/university/international-relations/welcomeservices/news", "en"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/international", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/international/international-campus", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/international/international-profile", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/international/internationaler-campus", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/international/internationales-profil", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/quicklink/mensa", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/automotive-systems-engineering-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/chemistry-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/computer-engineering-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/computer-science-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/electrical-systems-engineering-english-taught-program-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/industrial-mathematics-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/international-business-studies-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/international-economics-and-management-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/management-information-systems-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/mechatronics-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/optoelectronics-and-photonics-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studienangebot/studiengang/physics-master", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies/international-office", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies/international-office/degree-students", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies/international-office/degree-students/refugees-welcome", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies/international-office/exchange-students-outgoing", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies/international-office/incoming-exchange-students", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies/schools-teachers", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies/social-sporting-and-cultural-activities-at-paderborn-university", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studies/students", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/international-office", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/international-office/austauschstudierende-incoming", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/international-office/austauschstudierende-incoming/patenprogramm", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/international-office/austauschstudierende-outgoing", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/international-office/degree-students", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/international-office/degree-students/fluechtlinge-willkommen", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/international-office/degree-students/fluechtlinge-willkommen/nrwege-patenprogramm-1", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/international-office/wissenschaftlerinnen-personal", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/kultur-sport-und-freizeit-an-der-universitaet-paderborn", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/schulen-lehrerinnen", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/studieninteressierte", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/studierende", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/studium/termine-und-fristen", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/teaching/qualification-and-service/internationally-focused-academics", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/teaching/teaching/general-education-requirements-studium-generale", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/universitaet/international-relations", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/universitaet/international-relations/hochschulallianz-colours", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/universitaet/international-relations/welcomeservices", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/universitaet/international-relations/welcomeservices/nachrichten", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/university/international-relations", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/university/international-relations/hochschulallianz-colours", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/university/international-relations/translation-office", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/university/international-relations/translation-office/glossar", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/university/international-relations/welcomeservices", "de"),
("https://www.uni-paderborn.de/university/international-relations/welcomeservices/news", "de"),
]
# ============================================================
# Fetching
# ============================================================
def fetch(url: str) -> str | None:
"""Download a URL's HTML. Return None on failure."""
try:
resp = requests.get(
url,
headers={"User-Agent": USER_AGENT},
timeout=20,
)
if resp.status_code != 200:
print(f" [HTTP {resp.status_code}] {url}")
return None
return resp.text
except requests.RequestException as e:
print(f" [ERROR {type(e).__name__}] {url}")
return None
def extract(html: str) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
"""Run trafilatura. Returns (title, plain_text). Either can be None."""
# `extract` gives the cleaned main text. `extract_metadata` gives title etc.
text = trafilatura.extract(
html,
config=TRAF_CONFIG,
favor_recall=True, # prefer keeping content over aggressive cleaning
include_comments=False,
include_tables=True, # tables often have useful info (fees, deadlines)
deduplicate=False,
)
meta = trafilatura.extract_metadata(html)
title = meta.title if meta else None
return title, text
def clean(text: str) -> str:
"""Light post-processing of extracted text."""
text = text.replace("\xa0", " ") # non-breaking spaces
text = re.sub(r"[ \t]+", " ", text) # collapse runs of spaces/tabs
text = re.sub(r"\n{3,}", "\n\n", text) # collapse big gaps
text = re.sub(r" *\n *", "\n", text) # trim around newlines
return text.strip()
# ============================================================
# Main loop
# ============================================================
def main():
OUT_PATH.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
seen_urls = set()
kept = 0
skipped_too_short = 0
failed = 0
# If the file already exists, load already-scraped URLs so we can resume safely.
if OUT_PATH.exists():
with OUT_PATH.open() as f:
for line in f:
try:
seen_urls.add(json.loads(line)["url"])
except Exception:
pass
print(f"Resuming: {len(seen_urls)} URLs already in {OUT_PATH}")
with OUT_PATH.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as out:
for i, (url, lang) in enumerate(SEED_URLS, 1):
if url in seen_urls:
print(f"[{i}/{len(SEED_URLS)}] (already done) {url}")
continue
print(f"[{i}/{len(SEED_URLS)}] {url}")
html = fetch(url)
if html is None:
failed += 1
time.sleep(DELAY_SECONDS)
continue
title, text = extract(html)
if not text or len(text) < MIN_CHARS:
print(f" [skip: only {len(text or '')} chars extracted]")
skipped_too_short += 1
time.sleep(DELAY_SECONDS)
continue
text = clean(text)[:MAX_CHARS]
record = {
"url": url,
"title": title or url,
"language": lang,
"text": text,
"char_count": len(text),
"scraped_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
}
out.write(json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
out.flush() # flush after every write — so you can ctrl-c safely
kept += 1
print(f" kept ({len(text):,} chars)")
time.sleep(DELAY_SECONDS)
print(f"\nDone. kept={kept} skipped_too_short={skipped_too_short} failed={failed}")
print(f"Total lines in {OUT_PATH}: {sum(1 for _ in OUT_PATH.open())}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()