README.md

Java-3D-Renderer

This is a simple 3D graphics renderer using Java Swing:

1. GUI Setup

• Initializes a JFrame with sliders for horizontal and vertical rotation.

• Uses a JPanel (renderPanel) as the main rendering area.

• The resulting window would be resembling this:

  

2. Vertex , Triangle , Matrix3 Classes

• Vertex class represents a point in 3D space.

• Triangle class represents a 3D triangle with three vertices and a color.

• Matrix3 represents a 3x3 matrix with methods for matrix multiplication and vertex transformation.

• We can observe the formulae for rotation matrices in the below image:

  

• At this point wireframe of our shape is completed and it looks like this:

  

both rotations work and combine together nicely

3. Render Class

• Initializes GUI components and rendering panel.

• The central panel renders colored triangles in 3D space using BufferedImage for improved performance.

• Triangles are transformed based on the combined horizontal and vertical rotation from sliders.

  

4. Z-Buffer Implementation

• Implementing a z-buffer for hidden surface removal during rendering.
• The rendering panel uses a z-buffer for depth calculations, enhancing the visual quality of the 3D object.

5. Shading Effect

• Shading is applied to colored triangles based on the angle of incidence(angleCos) of light source and normal direction.

• Defining getShade method for shading colors based on a given shade factor.

  

6. Tetrahedron to Sphere

• Implementing inflate method to subdivide triangles, adding detail to the scene.

• The final result is a dynamic 3D rendering of a sphere that responds to user-controlled rotations.

  

7.Recap

• Populates a list of triangles with initial vertices and colors.
• Applies rotation transformations based on slider values.
• Uses a z-buffer for hidden surface removal during rendering.
• Paints each pixel in the rendering panel based on transformed vertices and shading.